Show THE OGDEN STAND o ARD-EXAxul- kit ii TV! ¥ 1 s o Like Our World the ' Heavens" Is Cooling J Astronomers intents earth THE WILSON By LATIMER and to all and still tranquil hardly looms ' to the average observer as a romantically mysterious thin?" Yet such it certainly is for men Whence did it come? Whither is it going? What i3 it? Why is it? These questions lying at the root of the origin of man himself need only little consideration to prove of dramatic interest And now science Is about to take a new and tremendously important step forward in the solution of these mys- I The Enigma Which Jupiter Presents to Sciencel These Photographs of wkvj the Planet Clearly Show the Cloud Shell Which Guards the Joian Mysteries Plan Rigid v ' ' I 1 : ' ' vL ' vj the forthcoming study loom3 as one of the most romantic and important man ever has undertaken Where the mind of the average layman deals with hundreds of miles the calculations of the astronomers will embrace billions of light years! Where man's sphere "of observation once was limited to a palthousand miles or two it is about try to be extended to millions of miles defying comprehension by the lay mind Where astronomers once pondered with awe over our little solar system tbey are about to explain "spiral nebulae" floating in limitless space and to interpret ga?eous densities of such great extent that the whole' solar system of earth might be swallowed up in them and lost forever! Interest in Jupiter is stimulated immediately by the first observation l it J - appear in different parts of the great world i X ? I tim —m- m Only by cooperative work combining the three methods of studying Jupiter can men ever hope for a partial solution of its problems It is necessary to keep track of the drift of brijrht and dark spots to "photograph them in light of different and definite wave-lengta and to imake temperature measure- ments of isolated parts of the specOn Jupiter the presthe delicate ' thermocouple show that trum of the planet's radiations To sure is so great that n Jupiter's disk is probably exceedingly discover whether tne rates of rotation man who weighed 150 cold At the planet's distance from with color change of the changing pounds on earth would the sun" its temperature were it a clouds whether the Red is an Spot find his weight' in' plack body devoid of an atmosphere in tha atmosphere of effect produced creased to 400 pounds would be 100 degrees' below zero on Jupiter by an enormous disruption of were he to land on Jupiter I the centigrade scale Actual measurepossible plastic surface whether any Visible changes in the ment shows it to be 140 degrees blow apart of the planet really shines at cloud surfaceif of Jupiter zero centigrade or 220 below times with lijrht of its own combined degrees are expected to offer the Zero on the Fahrenheit scale with reflected sunlight are some of first key to unlock? the the fact that Jupiter's the things we may expect of modern Considering ma mystery of this planet disk is not a perfect circle but appears investigation of this sphinx of the The British Astronomical much flattened at the poles an heavens ' Association is undertakIn undertaking their study of Jupianomaly presents itself when mathean intensive study of1 matical calculations are made concerning ter astronomars wil have to solve the rates of Jovian rotathe amount of polar depression ing of their greatest technical probfome tion at various latitudes the planet's centrifugal force produced lems Motion pictures of the planet and astronomers the py rapid rotation and the total were taken recently for the first time world over the write- in9 If Jupiter were as rigidly This was accomplished density by a series of cluded have been asked dense as the earth it would bear a ratio single over a exposures r long period to collaborate in this ©f about 097 between and required infinite patience Yet 50 centrifugal f work force at the equator and the produced anxious are scientists to get the slighti t One of the strangest polar depression But Jupiter shows a est clue to the mysteries of this great things about the "trick ratio of 076 indicating that there planet that they have hesitated at nothplanet" is that Jupiter must be a small dense core and a great ing and have made the most painstakdoe3 not rotate upon its decrease in density toward the surface ing investigations ever attempted axis like a solid ball The How then can we account for the enorAnother point which has caused conrate of rotation at its mous pressure which calculation based siderable trouble has been that of equator 3 greater than upon the measured size of the planet grinding the reflector The most perthat for other portions of seems to disclose? fect glass would have to be ground at its surface The mean ro- such a speed that in ten minutes of Temperature measurement of definite light-vve-s tauon period ior equacompared with photogrinding it would become too hot to torial spots is nine hours graphs of Jupiter's disk obtained in permit further "work A rest period of fifty minutes and twenty-si- x seconds That of the tropics is nine hours fifty-fiv- e minutes and forty seconds There also is? much variation from these rates of rotation epot3 moving faster or slower according to effects of interacting forces currents in the atmosphere of this great world : frsalF hs x- - r x 1 II Am 4 5 'H ts 1 s ! y 5 0 - - 5 If ri - ' ' i v - j e - t z circulation and perhaps some radiation and conduction an amount of thi3 internal heat Reaching cooler regions these gase3 would condense into thick masses of clouds above which would extend a rarefied at- mospherc The shell of cloud thus formed would act as a blanket " for heat from below V but would also pre- surface 7j sen a co toward outer space Between the outer j cloud-she- ll y and the ' 'I hot interior may be a '7 fluid plastic surface I in which volcanic x J eruptions occur' Vio- y lent explosions of hot reaching the frigidity of lofty alti- tudes would be mani- in many of the fest j white spots seen to ! -'- - v - V--- 200-inc- - "-- ' Studies as It Draws Nearer Than Ever Before - '": - teries For the planet Jupiter mighty enigma of the universe is down toward earth for a visitswinging During the next year or two Jupiter will be closer to the earth than it has ever been before Of all the planets Jupiter is believed to be most like the ea'rth For one thing it now is engaged in the transition from a state of intense heat to one of icy frigidity Earth too is undergoing this same process accordwhich science has to make on ing to observations Then Jupiter i3 surrounded by an the subject While it is doubt- - " ful that Jupiter is as present These enveloping shell of clouds clouds have not yet been pierced by inhabited' it is held entirely possible observers on earth and tm?y success- - that Jupiter is being prepared for the of life at some date perfully guard the secrets of Jupiter reception which when "known are expected to haps millions of years away! Immeshed much light upon the history of diately the imagination is set soaring the earth before man appeared upon and agile brains will picture the emigration of earth'3 inhabitants to this Earth Clouds it The clouds of Jupiter' are similar Which May in many respects to those which float far greater world Ce Similar to Tb09 above and around the earth Among the questions which astronoWhich Surround As Jupiter draws near the earth mers have set themselves to solve are astronomers are marshaling every the following: What is the nature of Juprtter Such Cloud Formations possible agency in an attempt to pierce the colored clouds surrounding Jupiter? Frequently Hide th the clouds which shut it in Toward Why are they red yeUow blue and Earth from Aviators this end the largest telescope in the white? Of what substance is the world is being prepared for the Mount Jovian atmosphere composed? What Wilson Observatory The instrument are the pressures which prevail in it? will have a h reflector and will Is Jupiter exhibiting eruptive activity be approximately twice a3 large as tha beyond comparison with any volcanic present largest' telescope Its power is outbursts on earth thus- giving rise to expected to be four times that of any the varicolored clouds which make it the most' fantastic planet ih the instrument yet trained on the heavens and the mirror alone will be as big as heavens? the floor of a good sized room An instrument of similarly gigantic An Impression of the New Telescope Which Will B being prepared in Trained froportionstois insure Upon Jupiter The Instrument Pictured Is A the greatest-possiblt resent in the results from the observations Mount Wilson about to be made astronomers and The scientists the world over are banding Observatory New One Will be together in an international organizaApproximately as tion for the exchange of information Larce hv Thu3 a concerted effort i3 to be made to solve earth's mysteries by Comparison as Indicated by first solving: those' of Jupiter somethe times called "the sphinx of the heavens" Shorn of academic claptrap 8 fx V tgg it &iSMSii?yyy or other influences Some of the world's large observatories have undertaken the solution of Jupiter's prob- -' ems Photography in infrared red yellow green blue violet end ultraviolet light has not yet solved them Instead new paradoxes Jhave appeared Temperature measurements obtained 1 wth the most sensitive instru- ment yet devised for measuring minute quantities of heat ? 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' ' ' '' ' W 1 joe 'wv K vCWh i ' ' j f ?s r— P — - 'I : E I gle which is going forward on this plan-- i etary battlefield coni cealed from men by the clouds of Jupiter astronomers point out that the planet has a yyy4 - ' - ' ' diameter ' approxi- mately eleven times that of earth HI One of the New Instruments Which Hare Been Developed for the Forthcoming Study The Photograph Sho- George II Lutz of Chicago With IL's New Telescope Lens The New Lens Is Considered Almosl Unbreakable ' - ' i- n- ' t Its volume is 1312 times that of earth Yet with all its size the- density of Jupiter is about that - of coal tar or cellu-- t loid Scientists be-- i lieve that Jupiter may - - m-- 1 1 -- mr y iW i - ' have a core of matter of equal density with that which composes the earth but even if this is true he pressure of the material surrounding this central mass must be so great that at 63 miles beneath the shell of clouds gases at ordinary temperaturev would exert a pressure sufficiently great to produce the- - density of platinum This furnishes a paradox which needs explanation and only the presence of an intensely heated interior seems possible to explain it Radia-tio- n pressure would counteract eomewhaty this pressure irL r Wh-- To give some idea of the intense strug- 5 i- - - t - ff Vh Jupiter and Three of Its Moons li V f j The Great I'lanct Is Large Lnough to Swallow Up die Whole of Earth's Solar System J jrf j 'iV"rrM VA hi ?w I I -- - fe 1 : -- i j j f ! ( i Padre Ilaycn Venerable Astronomer Who Meads the Vatican Observatory Staff lie Plans to Cooperate With Other Scientists in the Observation ' of Jupiter 1 j f i- Ktwipajwr hiearars Bemt JSCS - - i ? ' k 1 : 3 it would — j I twenty-fou- ' ' ( pass by convectional ' r sufficiently to permit further grind- sun-lik- cross-sectio- - - hours then would be rethe reflector would cool before quired will light-wave- 3 ll war4 identical furnish information concerning the region underlying As a the visible cloud-shewhole this striped colored shell is at a very low temperature But there may be vertical convection currents bringing up heated gases from the interior and to discover this requires knowledge of the degree of radiation absorbed by the planet's outer atmosphere Our modern picture of Jupiter a speculative "close-up- " would perhaps disclose n e in a center under terrific compression intensely hot From ' ing! A new reflector of fused quartz" is being considered for the giant telescope This too would become heated but the heat will not affect the quartz' as it does glass What the results of this newest and greatest astronomical effort will be of course cannot be foretold The scientists of the world are banding together in a great detective organization They have bef ore them a problem the solution of the mysteries fff Jupiter And although the problem dwarfs into insignificance any earthly problem the object of the great isexperiment is inthe explanation finitely human It of man to himself I i i j j i i a f t 'tA'y - M Is ' i ! |