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Show 1,.100.'11i1 o. , I- ' - , - , - . mor -1-e-Bss- . -l1174 k . , . EDITORIAL PAGE-'- - , ,. '. - When NiherChOOsrWéite Ihe frOn. Mark In History (Editor's note: Henry Stand-ag,a member of the Mormon Battalion, kept a diary of the What Price Security? From these figures it would appear that the differences of opinon are in the area of individual Judgment. But there are other significant factors to consider. It is being widely charged that the ad 23, 1847. Motorists are fervently hoping that the camp'd while the Regulars (Drag., cons) staid in town with the Col. Camp'd in a beautiful green close to the Indian Ranchasee, in sight of the town of Pueblo. Eat stinking beef dealt to us (Cols doing). ! Angelswas -, - 3- left-win- ' bread." But the huriger of bread is only one reason for the revolt. Another immediate reason is the result of the ferment in the Communist world caused by the debunking ' I , of Stalin. Today's Soviet leaders ,who are so loud in their denunciation of the late Red dictator and his ruthless cruelty are at once associated as also being his former benchmenand stooges. Millions of enslaved peoples know this, and they spem determined to show their distrust of the '' tillr''''111:1 -- .' ,, i'W,., 11. li V'W 'I.' ' :. i: I tr I.,: 1,', r, it,,,,; ,,,1 il t; '.. 4 4 it p 'Nev, . --- By CREIGHTON Ibiw Torii Ilerall Vilma FEET lervk hundred years ago,' the O NECommon Council of the City of ' York passed an ordinance creating a board off 11 commissionersWashington Irving. president to administer a tract to be called "The Central Park." The land, which had been bought earlier in the year for WI, million, was to become America's first great formal park. Today Central, Park is the "biz back yard" for an estimated 5 million a yearan oasis of grass, trees aid water taken for granted by most New Yorkers. But its history has been nowhere near so Calm as its ponds. Many people have had many ideas about its proper use. It has meant,' almost literally, a hundred years' war to keep the parks 840 acres intact. New . THE DIN STARTED as far back as 1850, when William Cullen Br)'. ant. Irving and Andrew J. Downing, of 'The Horticulturist," first proposed such a park. There were factions who insisted the "lower I . a - 0 , -A , p s. .. ..,, .. ...,1,01,,,,: .. .i.11,,I. - - 7f--- - - , 4' ''''cr ....It . ...., , 0 ;i'. 1,11, rti, vh ,,,,,,,,., ,,,,,,, .., N 1..:1'' ,,.:,, ... .,,,,,, , .,, k 7Z----- ' I t ? ; N A I , ( (.,A4 ',,c - ra c't , 1 ,,,,. l .., ,- 1 IN FEBRUARY the battalion was marched north to Mission San Luis Rey, which they cleaned up and garrisoned for some time. Company "B" returned to San Diego, and late in March the remainder of the four companies, with the exception of 39 men ordered to remain at San Luis Rey, moved north to Los Angeles. Here a variety of activities were engaged in, most prominent of which was- the erection of a fort on the hill overlooking the plaza. Construction was begun by Company "A" on April 26, and by the 30th, 18 men from each company were detailed for work on the fort. Work was rushed to completion, and during the first celebration of the Fourth of July in Los Angeles, it was dedicated as Tort Moore. EARLY )- -.4,.. .,, Alb.. i.:4,64.,,,op , - , , .,, 14'4 0. On July 4, 1847, The Mormon Battalion Raised The American Flag Over Los Angeles JUNE 18. Relieved from guard. Weather fine, high sea breezes. The detail returned from the Mountains with the Liberty poles, 2 large pine logs the hauling of which cost 100 dollars. Each 50 feet long. Our time is now drawing nigh to a close. We are on the last month. An order uas read to us last night from the Colonel, calling for Vo Is (volunteers) for 6 months, none enlisted. June 23. Today I am free from the detail on the fort quite unexpected. Some of the men very busy erecting a liberty pole in the fort. Col. Stevenson now on his way to San Diego to visit Co B at that post. On account of some rumours some fear is entertained for his safety. July 1. Detailed for a guard. The Liberty Pole.raised today without any accident. At midnight took a Lieut. and private prisoners. July 2. This day I purchased a 4 year old horse, a roan, for 7.00. Well broke. July 3. Gen Police today preparing for the celebration of JULY 4. INDEPENDENCE. This day was celebrated by the troops at Pueblo de Los Angeles. The ceremonies of the day was as follows: The whole command under Col. Stevenson were paraded within the fort A t Sunrise. Tune by the NY. Band, Star Spangled Banner, while the colors were being raised and after they were raised nine cheers were given by the soldiery. Tune, Hail Columbia. Federal salute of 13 classes" would take over. Fifth Avenue would be lined with grog shops, the park filled with drunks. The champions of the people, on the other hand, feared that the park would be A preserve of "the upper ten who ride in fine carriages." It was not until 14 years later that the park began to take real shape. This park was to provide the cid 2PTIS of New York with a rural es. cape- - Roads ad paths would twist and turn, swamps would be drained to form lakes, and planting done so artftilly that most of the time the stroller would not see the city at all. It was also to this endabout 75 years before the automobilethat Olmsted and Vaux designed the transverse roads to fillleg croiltown city traffic to flovi through-thpark. Not only were these roads sunk in deep channels, but trees and shrug; bery were planted so that the transverse roads are still alkbut t 0- - WHEN THE SITE :Or Ontral Park was selected many doubted that anything could be done with it. It land at To" was a barren no-rna- ( 4',,, ., ..41t.- , :., ...,,,,,,,,.,,K,.,,A., I - . march to California and the Pacific. They reached Warner's Ranch in present San Diego County on January 21, and on January 29 arrived at Mission San Diego and the Pacific Ocean. Many months of service yet remained, but the longest infantry march in historyiwas over. Ahe most part the remainder of Mormon military activities in California were of a garrison and routine nature, for by the time of their arrival most Mexican opposition had ceased, and California was safely in American hands. tok0, .., 1 ' , . 1 , .11 - . ' r ,f 0 I.: - guns fired by the 1st Dragoons. The Cos. were then march'd back to their qua rters. At 11 A.M., the command were again called out under arms. Regimental Band &c. tire. Paraded within the fort and many of the Spaniards and Indians present also. Ceremonies conducted again by reading the Declaration of Independence by Lieut. Stoneman of 1st Dragoons. Tune, Hail Columbia, by the N.Y. Band. A short address by Col. Stevenson and the name of Fort Moore given to the fort at Cuidad de Los Angeles. Band, Yankee Doodle, Patriotic song by Levi Hancock of the Mormon Battalion. Tune, A March by the band. An offer made to the Spaniards to have the Declaration Arc. read in their own language, if desired; not read. Wine was then passed round to the soldiery and then march'd to their quarters. This evening I took a walk through the Gardens and Vineytirds of Pueblo. Pueblo de Los Angeles or City of the Angels is situated near latitude 33 degrees N. a few miles from the Coast. It contains a population of about 5000chiefly Mexicans and Indians. There are but few fOreigners at this place. It contains about 1000 buildings, which Are small And ntherWise inferior, the walls of which are generally constructed of adobes (sun dried brick) and the roofs chiefly of tar or pitch and leaves. They are but one story high, roofs flat. Among the festivities Of the day was parading of the troop, patriotic speeches and the raising of the colors on the newly-erecte- d liberty pole. Members of the Battalion played a prominent part in obtaining and raising the pole. James S. Brown, a member of Company "D" tells of his experiences as a member of a small detail sent to the San Bernardino Mountains to obtain the proper timber. During the expedition the party camped on the site of the future citySan Bernardinofounded by the Mormo's four years later. They had a brush with Indians but finally obtained two logs "in. the rough being about fifty feet each, the two making a pole between feet long ninety and ninety-five when completed." For over a century the hill was known as Fort Moore Hill, or Fort Hill. It was a prominent landmark In the City of the Angels, and only recently has been leveled to make way for the automobile and super- highways. ON JULY 16, 1817, all Members of the Battalion were reunited in Los Angeles and discharged from service, thus ending the official existence of the Mormon Battalion. During the brief span of its life, the battalion made a mark on military and Western history which will live forever. Over eighty individuals for an additional six months' service. They, along with other members of the battalion, played a continuing role in the history of California, the discovery of gold and the blazing of trails and roads from the Pacific Coast into the Rocky Mountain country. , 1 of squat-te- n lived in caves, tents and shanties and indulged in such trades as "cinder sifting, rag picking and bone boiling." ' But the squatters were relocated in another rocky dump known as Corcoran's Roostwhere the United Nations now stands. Central Park was literally blasted into shape. Rocky ridges were cut down and hollows filled in to form meadows. In loads all, some 10 million horse-ca- rt of rock were remoi,ed. As construction advanced, land. owners facing the park forgot their fears. Land was doubling in value every few years and fine homes were being bunt But the sight of so much "idle" land. almost immediately began to give enterprising citizen? ideas. There were of course, periodic proposals to cut off the bottom 10 or 15 blocks of the park and sell it in lots. But highminded patriotic, lit. erary and artistic enthusiasts saw the park as a kind of stage or exhibition ground on whichlheir pet prolecta woultt Dot only bi the publie eye, but would receive official THE BA'rTLE to keep commercial establishments out of the park, and in fact limit all kinds of buildings, has been fairly successful. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which of course is not commercial, is the osly large institution in the park, except for the the restaurant. But after a full century, the war still goes on. The year 1956 has brought a proposal to hald a $250,- 000, nine-da- y arts festival there and aBronx cty councilman has revived the old idea of gelling out he southern end of the park. At least the first hundred years are over, and yon know what the y say abdiut Tavern-on-the-Gree- them ., , - ,e' , , no, ,.., . . . , 4 , I '':.. , - .n, city-own- ed b , Z; ed Hundreds escarpments. 1 I , i ) The 100 Years' War to Preserve Central Park P, , 4,R KearnY, Lt. Col. P. St. George Cooke assumed command of the battalion on Oct. 13, 1846. Leaving Santa Fe on the 19th. the Mormons began the long, dry America's First Great Formal Park g - , inch- States, Great Britain, France, and ether countries who received by private mail last year an appeal signed by 45 names inviting them to return home to help in building :u a pew Polan& are not likely to be en. codraged by Thursday's turn of events. They know, too, how Russia has blocked every effort for the reunification of Germany which would mean for Poland a cornmon frontier with the Free World. Poles, at home and abroad, are also aware that because of the seething unrest, the Reds, in an effort to overcome the constant charges of "gross despotic action," have released some innocent persons from prisons and forced labor campsof which there are at least 226, including 64 for women. Buttihe freedom-lovinPoles are not being iakeniff,by this gesture as long as they know tharThire are still more than 200,000 Poir being detained in Seviet prisons and camps of forced labor. The list of indictments could go. endIessly on. As long as the Poles can recall their past history with its infrequent periodsla freedom, and also as long as any of the other millions of subjugated satellite peoples behind the Iron Curtain can dream the. of freedom and liberty, there will continue to be uprisings similar to the Posnan revoltsaid to be the worst Soviet satellite iprising since the East German workers' rebellion on June 17, 1955. Free men around the globe anxiously look forward to the day when one of these be sutcessful and the yoke of 'Uprisings and 'oppression will be finally slavery broken. -- tin- have beep more or less through the city of Angels or as it is in Spanish Cuidad de los Angeles, and must say they are the most degraded set of beings I ever was among, professing ta- be civilized.... There are almost as many grog shops and gambling houses In this city as there are private houses. Only 5 or 6 stores and no mechanics shops. A i tolerable sized Catholic church. Roofs made at reeds and pitched on the outside (tat- - springs close by or I may say pitch). Roofs flat. There are some or 4 roofs built American fashion and covered with tiles burnt English fashion. The Spaniards in general own large farms in the country and keep from one to 20,000 head of cattle. Horses In abundance, mules, sheep, goats 8tc. Also the Indians do all the labor and the Mexicans are generally on horse back from morning till night. They are perhaps the greatest horsemen in the known world, and very expert with the lance and lasso. They are in general a very idle, profligate, drunken swearing set of wretches, with but very few exceptions. The Spaniards conduct in the Grog shops with the squaws is really filthy and disgusting even in the day time. Gambling is carried to the highest pitch, men often losing 500 dollars in rash in one night, or a 1000 head of cattle. All kinds Of clothing is very cheap and cattle and horses very cheap. Horses from 5 to 25 dollars and the x,,ery best of mares from 1.50 to 10 dollars: mules equally cheap. Cattle from 5 to 6 dollars. Those thousands of Poles in the United Poland's past is a long and tragic his.tory of subjugation, with only fleeting periOds of freedom. Their last days of freedom followed World War I and were cut short when on Sept. 17, 1939, Hitler's troops invaded Poland and thus precipitated World War IL Since then the Poles have continued under the iron rule of first the German dictator, until 1945, and then under the Russians when the Communists g Socialists gained sole and the power with their "people's democracy" Soviet model. Though Ttitirsdays spontaneous demonstrations appear to have been quelled relatively easily by the Reds, the indicar tions are plain that all is not well behind the Iron Curtain. The 'smoldering unrest against Communist oppression was flashed Into revolt by the sharp cry, "Bread, bread, founded in 1781 der the direction of Governor Neve. In 1839, when Alvarado divided Alto California into two districts, Los Angeles was made the capital of the South: The Mexican rule ended on August 13, 1846, when Commodore Stockton took possession of the city.) MAY 2. For the last two days I cates. lovermnent? - I' El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de Los AngelesCity of Our Lady, the Queen of the The Poles Revolt new dictators, as Thursday's rebellion ' ', ,... h 'Poland is quiet," a news correspondent reported on Friday after the Poznan uprising had been put down. But How quiet is the determination for freedom in the hearts of the Poles? How long will it be until the , Poles can demand an effective voice in their '' Mormon Battalion' had been into United States' service on July 16, 1846, as part of General Kearney's Army of the West, and in the middle of August had set out from Fort Leavenworth for California via Santa Fe and the Souihwest. Following tie death of Captain James Allen, who had recruited the battalion and who was to command it, Lieutenant Andrew J. Smith was command and placed in temporary Mormon the troops to Santa Fe, led where they arrived early in October. By virtue of orders from General , (Editor's note: Los Angeles, traffic-handlin- g - THE , , - waded San Gabriel in Pueblo de Los about noon, found Angeles it a very pleasant place, much land cultivated here. It lies on the San Pedro river. March'd into Town and there being no Quarters convenient for us we returned 1 mile and town streets. And they are at the root of a great many of our present problems. They just aren't wide enough to meet modern needs. It would be a shame to make the same mistake all over again, and build roads now that won't be adequate for future use The points at issue are few and simple: 1. Do we need a north-soutfreeway through Salt Lake City and County? The answer is obviously and emphatically "yes." 2. Should that road be built to full mod. ern standards? Again there can be no arguing with a "yes" answer. 3. What is the best location for the throughway? Expert opinion has indicated 7th East. If that is the best location, then we should go ahead and build the right kind of road there. Even if it costs a few trees. If it Is not the best location, select a better one and get busy building. For goodness sake, though, let us not be so Shortsighted as to butki a "compromise" road that will never adequately serve its purpose. We should try to find the kind of vision that made our forefathers such magnificent planners. ones spring up in its- place. The argument now is over the fate of shade trees along the street. Residents are 'urging that the width of the proposed throughway be cut from 71 to 66 feet in order to retain parking strips of lawn wide enough to preserve existing shade trees. The beauty and utility of shade trees is fully recognized, but it would be a serious mistake to construct an expensiveand only to find it too narrow to serve its designated purpose. Lack of foresight in comparatively recent times has 'already cost Salt Lake heavily in the handling of traffic. The wide streets of the original city, laid out by Brigham Young long before the automobile had been Invented, are the envy of cities from coast to coast. They were built for the future. But below 9th South, Salt Lake streetsbuilt in more recent timesare approximately half the width of the down. This morn- - MARCH Build For The Future 7th East Freewaywhen and it it is ever constructedwill never be as rocky as the Toad to getting it approved and conatructed. It seems that no sooner has one objection been met than half dozen new ti&II Biota motional' Dr. - by Mr. Wilson. By DR. A. R. MORTENSEN march which has been edited by Frank Alfred Golder of Stanford University and pubilshe4 by the Century Co. under the title, "The March of the Mormon Bdttalion." Standage's diary :describes vitjdiy the long and arduous expedition, the indialls and frontiersmen they encountered, and the adventures they met on the way. It paints an interesting picture of the Far West and Cahforma. and the raising of the Stars and Stripes over the little Mexican cominunity, Pueblo de Los Angeles, on July 4, 1847. The following excerpts, with attention being given to the original spelling, describe the historic et'ent.) action in requesting a ministration's smaller budget is a manifestation of "election year politics," aimed at obtaining a balanced federal budget at all costs. But isn't the Senate, too, keenly aware of year implications and of the emotional value of the national security issue? The successive cuts in the budget from the Air Forces original request to Secretary Wilson's final figure are definitely reealing. Arr title hi) has held an executRe position in a large organization, public but esperitily in the realm of or private that budgets are Aragoxernment----knovwith the full underditionally prepared be cut. will that probably they standing Almostoirivariably, a first budget request makes allowance for later cutting. It is virtually certain that when the Air Force generals asked for $20 billion, they were thinking of a somewhat leer sum they were likely to get. Secretary Quarles, as any good executive should and would, went over the first budget to trim out the fat, and came up with the $18.8 billion figure. But Mr. Quarles is obviously in a position- to be swayed by special interest, no matter how objective he tried to be. Mr. Wilson, with the needs of all branches of our Armed Services to consider and balance one against the other, made still further reductions. It is unlikely that he would have gone beycrnd his sincere belief of what constitutes adequate security, whatever the political pressure. Two more very important factors should be kept in sight. The danger of a sudden outbreak of war apparently has been greatly reduced since the death of Stalin. This would constitute sound reason fOr revising defense spending estimates. And lb must never be.forgotten that communism could obtain its ends by tempting us to spend ourselves into bankruptcy as well as by defeating us on the battlefield. Soviet policy may be less bellicose under Khrushchev than under Stalin, but it is no less intent ,on world domination. The difference of a billion dollars or so may not make or break us, but the choice between maximum spending and reasonable economy can make all the differenceln the long run. - , The Battalion's e, The peculiar debate over the size of the Air Force appropriation goes on and on; leasing a bewildered public more than a little frightened. The debate is peculiar in that the Defense Department is insisting It needs and wants less money for the Air Force than the Senate wants to give it. The private citizen is frightened because he knows the importance of being adeauately prepared in the trbublesotne !IMF'S. And when the supposed experts disagree on what constitutes adequate defense it is naturally disturbing. It would be patently ridiculous for this newspaper, or for any private group or agency, to pretend to analym, the $1fi to $20 billion budget proposals invoked in the dispute and relate the analysis to our defense needs. The amount of money in question is too vast and the budgetary problem too technically complicated. But there are still some broad principles the layman may intelligently consider in making up his own mind as to who is right in the top level quarrel. First of all, the exact figures should be kept in mind. The Air Force originaliy presented a budget of $20 billion, which' air base construction. This was trimmed by Air Force Secretary Donald Quarles to $18.8 billion and a budget of that size passed on to Defense Secretary Charles Wilson. Mr. Wilson made further cuts and sent an official request to Congress for $16.8 billion, of which $1.2 billion was specifically budgeted for air base construction and the remaining $15.6 billion for planes, research and operation. The Senate increased the $15.6 billion figure to $16.5 billion, and has not yet acted on the budget for air base construction. If it were left unchanged, the total Senatefigure would be $17.7 billion. This Is $1.1 billion less than Secretary Quarles' budget, $2.3 billion under the original Air Force reAticlt, but $900 million above the official Defense Department request pre. . I Salt Lake City, Utak, Saturday, Juua SO, 1956 Constitktion of the United States as hating been divinely inspired. , stand for , . ' i:nkcdcgrum r .. . Non . , . . i , -- V"..00.111 - r , . , '-'' - - ,,, , . a, |
