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Show -- 1 RETURN OF THE GLORY THAT IVdS GREECE IS JOYFULLY FORECAST . ' - - - Greek Claims to Here First Saw Been Hidden Has light, but 2,300 Years, v Democracy Oar 1 By On Military Well'Founded. rulaed die Greek world with hagbt Obver. hiaaatira. Ia lrt nt , religion,,, commerce. thronghout the East for 200 yT Though the empire broke np, tk k gnage remained. Tfiwg" followed Wt Ered repaw, and an attempt to federal ire tha com try nnder tha Achaean league and fatly aB fell under the dominion of Bore y 146 B. C. Th Greek generally toot tha side of Pompey against Jalim Cure and Mark Antony against Augi which further impoverished them. CM Xero ths catting of a rest) Isthmus of Cfinth waa begun, but -- H doned. Tbecanal waa finished in Us. shortening Jthe - dixUuc between th Adriatic and the Piraeus by 200 mB alphabet pf peace to the war weary t01J World.. , we dertre Deunwuvj. 'aluacvery from Greece, i stated to b the goal of the coming congress. It waa in Greece thst the rule of the people first supplanted aatocrary. and it ia In tba just settlement of Greek claims that th statesmen, who sre gathering at Versailles win find some , of their mn difficult problems. The field is a wide osa and tba history long.,but almost at every step one eneounters events thst have a direct bearing on matters that win oompy "the conference, whose decs dons in this respect win either establish Justice - or sow tba dragons teeth of future wars. Ia tW Kaatera Emplr ' X State. woo no democracy In Greece at the dawn of bistory, merely a vast nnm- of little riritT stafes rnleij by 'kings or princes, the beads of families gen-er- a fly raised to power hysomeparty for - politics flourished efjnaTly sritb arms, if repnhlican'am did not. Aristotle mentions l!iS of these little governments, and hi . confine jit a! European Greece there were tn later time more than a score of states in an ares of less than 25.600 square miles or about the rirt of West Virginia This would give eseh state an averare of , a bout fortv mite- - in length by thirty wide .Add to this that they were intensely In dividtlatlsf and verv lesions of each otb ers attainments, everr Creek being as nroi d of hi" fittle bailiwick aa today are the inhabitants of Monaco, only eight square mile in grew which, by the wav waa an earlv Creek colony. It was state rights, at first not even a federation ' camcdfo"(in absurdity which finally -wrerked Creere. It snffered from the same defect a the American colonies after they had achieved independence which did not become the United State until nearly fire years after peace had been signed with Crest Rritain. canning the French Minister to report to Paris. There i now In America no general 4 3 of the Creeks In tba Eastern eapa -From the seventh to the i - There .Greece Before the War and the New Territories She May Gain at the Peace Congress y CHANCE TO IN SAI.fe OF OUR WASTE MANY MILLIONS OF'WAR MATERIALS1 agf-nd- -- - ft If f 1 4 i t irrT " oppor-'tgmtytO- 1 i o O? m non-pa- . Aegean Islands, the west coast .of Asia Minor and the seaboard of Macedonia. Thrace, Southern Italy and Sicily. They teaembled the British colonies of rather than those &f the Roman Empire or those which Germany has lost, in being free states, independent of the mother country, .Athena was the only govern meat retaining political control, and it was from Athena the trouble started. Piaistrata, who bad seized supreme power, retained it nntil his death lnd transmitted it to his two sons, Hippies snd Hipparchus. The latter died, the former was expelled and a pare demoe-rae- y was ewtehKehed Hippiae applied to the Persian governor nf Sardis, in Asia Minor, for sid snd told him it n easy matter to eonqner vronld be Athens. Word wae sent Jo Darius, who agreed to invade the country and a Pep sian army of 50.000 men waa despatched in 400 B. C. with a fleet to the Greek roast. The Athenians had collected an army heof 9000 men, bnt did not know where-tPersiana xfbuTJ land. -A nwift rinmcr from Marathon warned Miltladoe. the. Athenian general, of the approach of the enemy snd he advanced to meet them in wide formation, his two wings being much deeper than the centre. The Persians penetrated the centre, bnt the wings closed upon them and ths foe was driven back to bis ships, leaving '6.409 - ss- - sgsinst -- 192 dead on ths - fk-lAthenians. Thia defeat served to enrage Darina, who determined to fit again with a larger force. Hia death left the task to hia eon Xerxes, who invaded Greece with half A million men and a fleet of 3.000 vessels, the army joining down the coast from Thessaly. y -- i - Thermopylae. This Immense force, the largest yet engaged, got into the pas between Mount Octa. and the ae. . which narrowed at Thermopylae to a width of 42 feet. Sparta had meanwhile allied herself to Athens Snd-tKpariifn king. Leonidas, with only 300 men met the Persians here and held them off for three days, nntil a native showed them a path np the moantam- - by which they got in the rear of the Spartans, annihilating the little feme. . Two hundred years later another Greek army held np the Gauls' under B minus for months at tha same pare Today it is nearly two miles wide. Owing to ground mads by deposits of the river ' Spereheius. The Persian hosts pressgd on and captured Athens, whose citizen, counselled by the oracle, had taken refuge aboard the ships. Tte Athenians had ony 3G6 'easel, but tha enormous size of the enemys fleet was a disadvantage, jammed ia the narrow passage between the Piraeus and the Island of Salami Xerxes saw the defeat of his war ships from a golden throne nil a hit nearby aud-- fled with his army in a disastrous retrest Thst was the end .of Persias cnoquesta in the West and soon thereafter aha waa obliged to restore the colonics of Aria Minor to the Greek T t tt gen-eral- ifc. , mmf KfAh f vXrtr o'- ' -- V t ill - X- - r.j i ea- were the chief ranks of gooda from the Eastern Meditermai to Europe. In the eleventh centurj Bd garians and WaUaehiant made repent abort of the Black Sea. now Kataia. sac- Grecian states, but as I stated a couple Greece a a separate entity, continuing tte Greeks, however, not only prevented rificed the ram and bong np its fleece in of week ago in discussing plans for the through six hundred years of foreign dom their onion under on bead bnt gave a grove. Jason, a cousin of Ihnxua, coming peace league, they formed too nation for 1470 years in all. the last opportunity for designing men to agraa sailed for the golden fleece in the good loose a confederation and lacked a power one being held in 394. The modern at- dire power to themselves: The Greeks called them turannos, ship Argo, the largest the Greeks had strong enough to enforce their decree. tempt to revive them after fifteen cenyet built, containing places for fifty oarswas turies was a very feeble effort, and the whence we jet onr word tyrant, which However, a Greek consciousness men lie got the fleece and returned slowly growing np, based on the common idea of moving them about from place to baa a stronger sense than the ancient along the north shore of the Blue! 8a. language of tb state end especially ea place without any regular habitation gave conception. They were nearer to what having gone by the southern coast This their love of sport as manifested in their them a lack of definiteness. .Finally the we call bosses" In America, hut were or ually men of great wealth and perlegend ia ancient times was regarded at The great war pat an end to the endeavor. rivalry at th Olympic games. the opening np of the region to Greek fascination for baseball or golf in this suasive eioqnence, patrons Of arts and Wewmeefclee, kites Sseeeel Reps commerce. However that, may be, Greek from the vulgar country, cricket or football in England, k With - tb growth of intellectual life, letters, far different settlements were strung all along the as of one of them. grafters Through interest the with With the despotism of rulers. nothing compared parallel coasts o the Black Sea. but they grad taken in these Greece first came Into colgames held at Olympia, in change was brought about ia all tb Greek Pisistrafns, lision with the outside' world. ually disappeared under various incursion atatss . sxeept Macedonia... hy which- Of barbarians" unfiT only a Tew colon ire JE3iwgTeaJjiLiga.rik . By them the Greeks dated their chronTks Persia WM nr. of different governments thany were left at the mouth of the Bosphorus first Olympiad beginning ia forma were gradually and peseefnily inGreek colonies in the sixth cental beGreece makes no claim beyond a ology. the 776 B. C.. end they even survived troduced. The extreme individualism of fore Christ hid spread ever all the small district around Constantinople on the year both eides of the strait Troy waa flourishing for nearly two hundred years after Jason's expedition when it was finally destroyed by fire in SAVE-0- R 114 B. C, after a war with the Greeks of Europe, which lasted ten years As a HUGE-STOC- K woman changed the fate of the world more thin a thousand ye rs faterr proh-ablBy Representative J. W. GOOD, of Iowa, decisively fixing the seat of power This interstate anarchy, as it might he Jlember of th Commute on Appropriation of th Bonn of Representative. in the west. So a woman, legend has It called, caused C recce tq be swallowed np checked the trend to the eat which has by stronger Powers and finnllv to be ab only been revived in onr Our people were willing to make anr rec- automobfla trucks and a largo number of out not enough better to warrant our day hy Ge tractors. A great many have been Intrusting it wlih the sale of the enormous orbed la the all embracing empire Of nianya dream of empire from Berlin to ti flee. both In men and money, to wn the since that time. Most of these are amount of property now to be disposed of war. Now that tb war has been won in of I in The defeat of Cleopatra and would not detract from the splendid and the rehabilitation Europe, Home, hut not until the Greek spirit of Bagdad. their business Judgment will demand econ- France. Befgtnm and Russia there la of the army and the nary an Mark Antonv in the battle of Actium was omy and conservation all along the line. urgent demand for much of this Very class organization liberty, Greek philosophy and Greek art fighting units. That is their boldness, and one of the turning points of history, as Property acquired to vigorously prosecute In Heeded be It of will imte hoslnere thtr mmertetwery they are a distinct sue, bad set up for the world standards of wna Hie Trojan war, dne to the Infatua- the war bat no lonjrer Mcuwary for aucb again for military porpoae. la tt to be Bnt these organizations as selling excellence never thereafter approached. tion of Paris, son "of King Priam, for purpose should be preserved and disposed disposed of. and. If so, la what masher? have always been dismal failures. of tn a butflneaaHIce way. Irrespective of To the profiteer or directly to the - still " today held up as models in our Helen, wife of Menelans. who fled from the favoritism wtiown In which reefing bltllona ei dollar wilt thl propertv, there should be fy favoritGreece with Paris to Troy. schools and pnlpita Two month co we had I7.W artitlery b Property thrown upon the market. A great deal ism now Then time of procurement- wae horses fn France, and money has been of tt la not only useful but is necessary The princes of Greece combined trT re- the essence of the whoe matter: now In Greece Staled Beg Masters. to buv In France ffWI more tn reconstruction. Mach of K can by cover her end sent an expeditions rv .force d'aponlng of this property we ahould be appropriated At we had 129 000 draft horse minor chances be put to a useful purpose that time After the Roman world waa split under to th Dardanelles under General Aga- ?ulded bv a fttnete thought and that to and the monev waa then appropriated to res! humane spirit to show th. aught fttatea Constantine. Creek culture gradually con- memnon. By the rose of setting np sn protect the troenurr of the Unitedmore 341 W more at an of America In our exit from the war. Just Immedlatelv ptircha In the bulldlna of cantonment than average Cffl cost XaturaTlY of there each. as we hare always displayed It tn entering quered the Eastern eripire ar 1 the Greeks immense wooden horse, in whose hollow two and a quarter billion feet of lumber an urgent demand all over Europe for war If we really want to help tn the waa roa consumed r.d conHeetloe Greek were warriere plumbing belly tnsny ruled their masters for 000 years, until and especially draft antmaln rehabilitation if Europe let no sell there terlal In targe oaantKie were ued. and horse WlH cealed. were It the the Trojan entrapped They ro tong we wilt be called noon to wreck government ef Tnoee which things that are needed for Industrial or Latin adventnre.Xratib barooa, Vene. ha thu acquired, end If ao, under what agricultural took the horse into the city, in the night moat of thee huHdlnra and purpose directly to the Perdlrpoa of th of thhf be kind tians and whatnot raptured Constanti- the Greeks slipped out and disposed son. who need thm snd will bey them propertv plnwfil Bhatl the wrecktng of tbeae of opened the material Wfl? we roll them to the peasant In that manner the peasant farmer of nJ the ante of the evtvage be nople their capital, and subdued their gates to their companions, who were soon hufldlng or bmer. who need them nd at a reason France and of Belgium will be able to buy turned over lo favored contractor eotmtrv A worse scourge was to follow master of Troy, which they sacked and hall the material be old bv aome gov- able price, or wfli we ell them to aome their horses at a fair price, and will thus dealer and give him an opportunity he able to taka up and follow peaceful ernment selling agency In a manner calm big in the despotism id the'Turki. whose last horned nted to eliminate the middleman and the to add to Iheslreadv hesw burden of Pursuits. So. too. trucks snd tractors A British similar was the tn tried the loosened ruse tn France and Belgium? on farmer was Greece by should be told to those who actually need finally grip hink dealer who .heretofore alwav have For month past the entire jbutput of them--an- d at a fair price. The dealers the present war. giving this great nation. nearly three' years ago hi making a land- made mormon profit In the handling of the Baldwin Locomotive Works ha been profit tn this class of property, which, te ' once the glory 6t fin world, the government property of TM MndT ing on the northern side-- of tbb We have alwayg Urg and speculative, should be umed'over to th vfn order to proecutd the war the govern ort more f tea 1 tmgovernment. ve it ancient splendor. VW' Id. Tro, .. A laege - ship merit to targe- - locomotive trrto to wag taunrh mirnv eofrrjvned France We have sent ten of thousand Thus after 2.360 years Greece is again filled with troops Inside, hut apparently manufacturing cantonment structure should home At For example enterprise. of car far service there Hundred he wrecked by a government agency and coming to her own, and will doubtless abandoned, was sllowed tn drift ashore rilk mamifhrturtng plant warn purchaaed of freight of ton of steel rail have (he material-dispose- d of to men who cap and operated, larremitrat beenthoieand regain a Treat part of her territorial cm in tha hope that the Turks would bet or conatructed ront to General" Pmhlng to build use it Th large war plants that have waste ammunition on what seemed to be plant were erected and enormous powder railroad thee This propertv be will not . pire which once ester ded along all the been built ought to be utilised for some mlM were built Theeeviwwt wne impvTDOr and must be industrial .purpose. Most of there plants coasts, of Asia. Minor, the P.hek Sea and a useless ini It. Bnt flie Turks were not mediate? called nprm to byfWI IfmtM ehlv reeded for mflftArv tn some manner disposed of , can be easily transformed Into dvo works the ea of Mnrniora Fur. reversing the as easily fooled as the Trojans, and the rino pfanta, plant for the production of or factories for ths manufacture of chemtoluol acid and manv other plant "general inocom-- nt of humanity front east vessel was the target for a perfect rain of for thepicric We could and should produce m production of war material The In Ui of alt this property, ical to weat coinciding with the revolntipn of shells from all the forts lit oon as she government aleo emended enormou gome of time --disposition them there materials of which w have 1 and etnren. military plant In the enlargement of the globe. Greek roloni ration spread oot came within range. privatelv owned plant eqnlpmrnt e ooirtit to profit by enr been large consumers but small producer our the east filling the islet of the Reaching the shore, gangways were run plant tn order to ynerae and ped op -- xporlroce tn th peat . Heretofore the There plants offer the solution of mainly-ttn as to a supply of dyestuffs. the for production problem everything bole obeolete in erit Navy a the peeery ent th of from side Department has and the ail disposed Aegean. Crete. Rhode. Cvprna. prosecution of the war The coot to th equipment and property no longer eee-- t The problem Is a Wg on, aod to solve western littoral of Aria Minor, both side men made a dash for the Jand lalig Jn Tdr navy porpoeea The army has it requires en organization or eornmlsskm structures v and fnr government plant n been aeeorded a like of tb DtHanelles and the RAsphorns amid a burn ca nee of bnltets from the composed of business mew Unoueetlon-shiprtvllexe In the dditlon to prtrit!v ownM plaid- - tn the of obrolefe that organisation would Inventory the and property and in CmT, R C founded Rvsantinm. trenches on the surrourding hills The United more than one er which tt bed noordnance the egrr nee. , Urgent stock of second hand goods which nfrerward became Constantinople, losses were enormous, but a force, was MTHofi dinars Mane of thor govern men ever ha seen. Several months ag? For .the Nary Department. gorld and still retains a Greek population cear-I- v landed and gradually pushed 00 through Plant are permanent afructtire and couH betJeeDfxamnle. I introduced a bill tn- - Congress to create 151 . March tS. J. and Vnr H. be fnto converted a1y The eg ordinary jnanu aold thirty ri lean War Salvage Commlestoo Gallipoli toward Constantinople as Lnrje as that nf Athena Itwlf each gun for pant. to-t- k orver alt guvarwnent property acMr-- Bonnerman. of 'NexrrTot1t. hartn lh .eve jut 'securing pcdithpL,4S ..abindoned-jj- a fhip expeditor on Ti Golden Vteeee.- for pbrot apeedfng for military purposes sines our succres, but the Incident waa one of the np production did not end at dur shore acquired these cannon offered to sell them quired hack to the government, and the Secretary entrance Into the war and which ts not Oldest of the Greek colonlea was that most of the War. Fnormoo sum great were glhrions expended to,eree of War mada uxaMimato for thetr repor-- . needed. for military or naval purposes, . . . . of "Troy. 'fSupying the uortbweetern 'cmbllr plants enljchaae at B5 mo each, or a total of BcOOn and dispose of tt tn a businesslike way. r Centres et Cltjr. ladftut Plant in. Frnco-wore 4fke-w- e fonthe WoiUntwme1 v that the govern-roen- but peninat o( Aaia. kiinor between Moan yob favorable action baa not been After the fall of Troy, In the siege of compelled to purohane tha right of had Just aotd for IS SWto. The former taken on this bill I believe some such Ida. the Aegean 8es and the Dardanelire wav and construct hundred of mllro of Recretarv of the Navy had twelve of there legislation is absolutely necessary. nr Hellespont, the former name derived which the different Greek state first niUmad Hufld a great man v building with their monnta. brought to the If rightly constituted, such commission gun fed v greater stm!tb wa of mora and; from Dardnnua. first king of the Creek or le permanent character for government gun factory at raahlogton would accomplish two things first, tt CA the -. and to from the 14bfi bich latter B, given storage purpose . Thi prone rtv intuit be and hod them in ropbietrooic cmincij to conform to would save hundreds of millions of dollars ered o sold JSI5 model a the of and the on And lu at of before a!e first be the out. to ths taxpayers of the Called States. itchonld the danghter of Athamas. Heile, who was at purely religion, became qoiv bp rib roa. hari band Ung Ureak . of . Ike Karopeaa War Secretary and. second, tt would make .wvirehia a. tgvimaffl Meeting ;twtcg irthe ard sale of these great plant and these Pnnlrla ordered there same gnm aold as great deal sf property thst would not y while being borne from Europe to Asia on ffpringa of TbennopyUt., still used erormoua store will grentlr aid in the Junk at J1I.64 a grore tea. otherwise be put to any useful purpose, the back of a ram with golden (Wee. her for their health giving profwrttea they solution pf our financial problem. The experience of tha War Department and would be the means ot distributing tn as there vest stores among a great many least at la furnished common the a of exagency Centre relUng Thritus dlsponltlaa passing safety: for bfa'her pn August 2 last tha War Department salvage growing, out of the cooetruction people and at prices that ere fair and Pbriiua fled to Arm 00 tb ears change of fVwt .between tnostj'of the bad ' thousand of automobiles and 2l,&) of the Panama Canal wae better than thia. reasonable. -- eleventh tery the Greeks y , t , --Under Theodoriua the Olympic gum were abolished aa .fostering pagati Separation of the Roman Empire of fr West helped to strengthen, the poriti -- Maay Little ' j jew Tm l. Da,), They both referred to fh nm Macedon, which nnder Philip beg, Z expand to the sooth and under AuJ. th Great absorbed an of GreeceTad atituted an empire that reached traJa. Indus to the Kile Constant v&ix t,. weakened the Other Greek elate waa birth fate declining, so that they to an easy prey to Alexanders armies. g one effect of his v t conquest v. make Greek the language of literate. y t eloqueoea the modal for forensic speaking as sounded a warning to hi, rories of their coming joom, Diogenes, when asked bow to be buried, .aid. On my when the CiMi ruled of tie known earth and Greek greet civilization readied a fcrfllianea never wen before. Humanity Indeed bad pro-gressed far from the tree climbing, vp leaa are. Assvrla and Persia were but . waa wrapped In ghost of empire, and history faded Into hoary lerend as tales were told of the fabled Atlantia that vast kingdom drowned in a flood of .mighty water, across which bare plied our transrtlantle war t" Constant!. nople and Aegean Islands CoppripAt. t919, bp the 3 Veto Ysrk BereU c : a 1 I- Tbs Golden .A,,., .5: hundred years were ths golden Socrates, Plato and age of Greece; Aristotle taught a philosophy never yet superseded- - Sculpture flourished under Phidias, and the Parthenon grew to line of beauty on the Aeropolii. . Aeschylus and Sophocles raised the ' drama to heights not again reached for two thousand years, while Euripides founded the romantic theatfo end Aristophanes con Tie next raid on Thessaly. In J3o0 Serbia qnered both Thessaly and Epirm 1460 tha. Turk annexed Greece to da dominions.' Mora than, a century wag needet k complete tha conquest of tb Aepa Islands by tba Turks. Crete, vtid passed into the hands of ths Taenia m 1304, waa not captured until 1U, when Candia fell, after a riego of took years, the longest on record. Corfs held by the Venetlsna nntil 1797, vWi it waa ceded to France. The Conpui of Vienna placed it nnder British pnJ tection with six other UJta knevi the Ionian Islands, and Britain tamed them over to Greece in 1862. Not until th French Revrfctioi breathed the breath of liberty la Estop did Greece revive Literary and pttri otic Greek societies then prang s d over the Continent, and Russia proud friend in .need There w- - revolt Soli in 1790. and in 1815 the Hrtim. or Greek Revolutionary Society, organized. Id 1S2I the standard of I volt was raised th Pfloponwrit nd speedily ipread across the isthana In a few months ail the at Corinth vising Moslems were gathered is til fortresses and wailed cities It war of extermination on both aides. Ifia sacre by the Greeks wefemerwd repriyaia-bg-thTusub-wh- o put the Patriarch of Constantinople nd slaughtered the entire population tf 4 1 i mi s Chios. htenat la Greek FaeeSeia. Volunteers from all parts of the w4 flocked to join th Greeks, fa the United wa takes hi tit States reat-interest war and many wanted tp help the Greek as Lord Byron waa doing A veori loaded with provisions and clothing ntt sent from New Fork early in the Cooper once told the writer of small torpedo boat he invented for tb use which could be taken aboard a brgt A- ship and guided- by wire from the or another vessel It carried 4 rod t which a torpedo could be attached. wonld discharge it bend the the engine and the boat wiv'd return to its starting place, ready t another explosive. By 1S24 tt waa evident the EnropHu Turks oonld not put down the rebe alone, so the Sultan called npo MAcoH Ah, Pacha of Egypt to help him- of 1827 ths Turks had once more control tie Greece, m the Powers, reenmiring w impossibility Of the Greek adnecinl -- sfropfk-Pete- Os-tac- - dependence tb alone, determined to and ths British. French and Raw fleets finaLy defeated tbe Turks ' battle of Kazarina Ths trioty 1 . defined the limits of the .cow in IS0territory was exacted After the two Balkan wars asd annexation of Crete in 1912 Greece , but de almost doubled In bold anywhere near her fonDtT rZ where Greeks-stil-l jiredominats. these- - place sre Northern some Aegean Islands, held b tSe war with Turkey in confu Rhodes, la which her claims of those of Italy: an extendon Greece-Mor- e lli do'Dla-enit- wh wi r3. ' cfthTItrtirr-- short garia; part of Thracs.-thSen of Marmora and tbs city re atantioople and! th Greek e era Asia . Minor, including f Smyrna, which ia nnquwnonahl be P The latter undoubtedly wiU island Greece, ss will the much pressnr to put Conatantco the strait under international tut the congress VT radopMh&i at conflicting claim with Italy ern Epirus form one of lht in.c Co problem which the Ttect havo to room Are . ..j, - d |