Show I f fI J Ji I I i LA B 0 n S t U J OWNED E 12 P D KING K ii I G Iho I Strikes us ati of oP an Zhu of Civilization dials Chats of Not tut Labor Too Inn and Capital I I I II I l 1 I l l Hard Times Pays or of I multI Hours anti and Less Lc s for rOI rOIi nunC as n Our Trust Unions Versus uru i h About Ilio Ihn Labor a aI I I illS HIS b NAME Ni i UE JE iS iO S AND AMI I liE IE NS S THE Ii IE MILLIONS S O OF ORGANIZED OI GA r LABOR LABOI Cigar cloar for fur our I d h u 7 y V P aa g I 1 J ol OI Hit nm gere Af by U G Carp i Copyright by b Frank li L 1 Carpenter A III OJO I U D CDo Ho DI 1 you know about 11 ik 1 IC Did nul you tV v vrr W tr rr w IH i i for forI i I bed c 11 ill t h nt nta Is a Hat UJ ICU I j In ah W e l 11 ld III limo you un l Mr lr Oom pert peril In Is uncrown kind kIn of ot organized or labor In the mho th lolled States Ho tie It Is l preil preal lent dent of ot the American Federation of or ofas J I as I L 31 I 1 I I think I may my uy I t was wan ft n 1 1001 ont one I wan never out aliI of lit u 1 Job Joh ex except x I at III my own In volition iii and I n J Ja a high M na any allY of or my nay fellows fellow nO AS A 1 H Could you make a n rigor I 1 made A I some Horn mil lit u a few rew days ngn n o while our lust last annual convention there At Al the iho noun lIoon recess I r went to 10 the I he largest union cigar rae fac factory tory tort In the world which was wan not tint far from bo convention hull One Olle ut ur themen the themen men nun asked 1 me the name namo question you ou have ha 1 asked In III reply I r took off orr my III coat cunti H i L TV i O rr A a T V V 1 V Vu p 7 M 1 I t 1 r 1 I I I 1 II 1 SAMUEL iO Labors Labora Uncrowned King Labor which embraces more lhnn 1000 different labor unions and has n a mem memo membership I of ot workmen represent representIng ing In the brawn and muscle of oC the court count country try tr Work I have never known much else Iso but work was wall Iho the reply r ph I 1 IMo have Mo been working till all my lute lire and most of or It t at lit my In trade Irada My father ruther was IUS u IL I 1 I wont Went Into the shop I at lit f 10 years of ot ago ace and In time line a Journeyman and 1 I continued to work at nt f l clu b A for tOl li I a ralI What 1 hill kind hind nf nt n workman t lel arcu cie n you ou Ir rs ant nal at da n al nt the bench bendl and made three cigars I have u IL son liOn who lUll him a II cigar factory f here and If tr you IU wish wl h I 1 will ifo go there and inako you Oll one 1111 now no 1 r did wish and nal Mr h i rs went with me to the factory factor out fat down at al ono of oC tho the benches and rapidly rolled nut n t choice It took him less leas than two to minutes by lIy my miry to tn put tho tIto Into and tho mho cigar which Iles before me nie nit 1 I write this h Is has Isas as ilK an RII article as ns any cigar clRar Hold anywhere In thu tho United Stales It ll llis IH is n u hip big fat tat unit and contains a C Rood good honest silo k P After 1111 er t thin hili 1 Mr rr lom loin pera rs tolled i a n 1 for rol himself anti and this thin Ihl while we wo HP Ili told ors Jt the Dir nt sull t hi bl his 4 n hll In I thu union lull and I I sh me I Ins his union book with tho ut of liln Jura fiu paid to If date dale H Hhas Its 1111 has hilI been lipen l e n a member of ot that union for tor 39 SO years Nt and pays PR his hla regular dues du of ur U Ur o 0 r I nt nta a n 1 week e k to tl Keep up UI his hla member membership m mL Jr ship hip hl Tin Im EVOLUTION iOl UTION or Oi A UNIONIST UNION When did you nut first ed In the th labor movement t 1 I naked Vh hetu n I 1 cas RJ II It years old 0 iho Ihn reply My IIi father had hall been Mett a member of ot the tho union and at al that age ngn I 1 Joined I 1 have hac Men a l union man mUll ever eve aim Abu ll Have Ua you ever been IO In III 1 a Many Iny when I ap approved II proved of ot tho the and again I fun ho i 1 idid Idid did ellel nol ant Home Some of ot the strikes wr were hard hurd ones and 1 I have actually suffered Hurt r 1 from hunKer hunger during such ruth dross but hut I t never I thorn them When I went en a II astrike astrike strike I considered the thu shop u 1 a aed ed as all far aa lIB I r woe was concerned until that strike wn ns settled and tor for that reason I did not want to strike without due cau I A AND D THE Im IN Io Do 1 0 you think strikes pray pay the Ihu work workingman ingman They bey must most certainly do although h they should 1 be avoided It If possible fit III IIII I hope the time will never coma com when we MC shall so 80 loso 1080 our manhood us to 10 if ri tUliP to Strikes are arc on nn element of civilization In rn barbarous times and countries thu people l do 10 not nut strike Thorn Them are no strikes In China hl Ill The wages there are arc 10 cents a tiny day and the workmen live t In mud mu I Irice hr and feed f I upon rice and Ind an occasional oC rodent Wl n has tho the laboring man IMn the right to strike Ho lie has haR the right to tn do HI so nt lit any nil anytime time and for tor any reason or for no 1111 rea reason reanon son ROil at lit nil all StrIkeR uro aro an idem i of ot liberty III freedom and we WI laboring men claim chum the tho right to strike nt at any allY anytime anytime time I am nm am not thu policy We have havo the tho right What Is III tho the present outlook n nil ns to tn labor Mr Gompers Times have haYe len h n good l Thero fhern have been many and wages have Rone gone up liP It 11 Is now said laId that tines times art are becoming had bad will swill they the riot not go to down Aa As to the sold said the president of ot the American Federation my lilY Information Information tu tor mation shows me that there therl Is u II I for the worse We have hull a number r of oC unions which pay benefits to their un tin unemployed employed and therefore keep track of ot those out of ot work ork These unions em embrace embrace brace hrace different branches of at trade In Inmany Inmany inmany many parts of ot tho the country anti and their reports form orm an nn excellent barometer of lit Industrial conditions From them then I r can sea e clouds In the Industrial sky sk and I t flook look for or n period nf or depression lilting during the next few tew years ears It win wilt not be an its a ahad had bad as u In IS l 57 7 In or In 1894 m but hul It will ba b felt more mor or less leas nil over ovel thu tho country won II mx N X TO Iti INDUCTIONS to the tho th second part pan of nt your Mr MI went vent on I 1 dont think wages to be he reduced In and I 1 have advised our OUI unions to 10 resist all 1111 at lit such midi i 1 advise thorn thom to strike t any rill cut IVi wages J anti and I think the thc employers should see lee that thaI such Much cutH rUIH will wll Increase the had times rather than lessen them Prosperity J depends upon talon the mar ketH Mr Ir r anti and II nil thus upon iron the tit consuming power poser of nf tin th people It if you out cut wages you Irl 11 the consuming power The men will have leas to 10 emend The flu factories mast m make IMke ike still less lean resulting re In snore mote and II nd morn imbue cuts en ts and anil making maid rug he the runes than ever I 1 believe It I Is la better to strike In bt such auch cases even evell If f we 11 e arc defeated Every Ivl strike In a II alm atins tins limA lm of decreased prevents further tI attempts t to 10 i educe reel wages g gt ea If Tf we w r e i ilo to not object to t tl o reductions t l they th will 1111 s ll l lb b III followed lt bv by b further reductions It Is III only oily by lIy lighting O that we can ran hope to hold told our own I would Ilk to 10 see F Fi our workmen have such Hurh ft a I of 01 dues duea n nt ns would create n II fund to em en enable able ablo them to engage In u a strike at nl any tine time without fear The employer who knows known bis hili workmen rail can success successfully fully tight will not Impose unfair ex exactions actions art lons upon there them WOI H 8 NOT TOO iriOn Hut Mr manners era are not too loo high In lu nut ii v branches bra aches of or Indu m dus dusti ti II s v sNo No u was Willi the reply The hIghet higher they th are tile Ihl Netter better for the country and the beam It If you vou ou will look over thu Iho world you will see en that lint the most moat mo t pros i notions and those tho e who do du toast most I In lu the and commerce of nt the world are arc those tho t fa In h which the t es are ure bald 1111 It Take fake the United I tHatcH Nudes first t then th n Englund anti and after that All are are hinds lauds of ot r ti und mud short hours hour and nil 1111 nilar nilar ar Inure limn their brother nations nil t ions Hut But what l shop should hl covern In thu cost ost of or an nn article Not nt III ii t all 1111 Thu traces lIle necessary to tomake tomake make the article under should U is I tint that which Iho tho n of the article anti and not the orlee theo the wages nouns AND U I 1 The horn here larded to tn the number of lit working hours hour and Anil I 1 asked d dIr Mr Ir 1 whether the workingmen would he be If It the Ihl whole Stales were run ruin on nn eight ll I or III whether rh they would not J still days He Ile replied I 1 think Iu k tin thu time will male come when the days will be 10 less than eight hours My Sly IY Idea IM III I x that tho the working duty day will s III continually grow shorter while wages will continually go 10 up liP I 1 want mutt tomorrow s to bo ho always better than today tolay Labor conditions are fur far better hetter now non than they the were three or four tour decades ago and amid In the future they th will be ho Just as its much better hettel In pro proportion proportion portion Ily I combinations s of or capital by h new 1101 Inventions Invention and a u better or organization of material forces force wo shall ago age II by h b age III und and year by hy year reduce the th amount of ot manual mum labor lit but required to the tho minimum and at lit the sauna same limo advance the tho reward to the maximum That Is what wham we tee 1 want the least work and the most pay pa n a mini minimum mum of or work and find u a 1 maximum of lit wages giving us the leisure to 10 develop and cultivate our better hetter natures CAN AN N rm YolYN OH IUSI III Si How about the unions ns ilK helping tine till Mr bur r Gont pore pers hits Has the young oun man of or today n to succeed its ilK ho he had In Ire tho the past pastI I dont think ho lie has hilI ns as good gaud n a chance replied Mr 11 tamper hampers Hut But that Is not the thc fault of or tho the union New Nes Inventions and great combinations of ot capital have destroyed ele the opportunities ties th of 01 the Individual man A genera generation I Ilion lion tion or BO Ih ago 1110 one man nuan or lit at best beet h lIt two t 10 or three could make a completed prod Iroll net act It did Illel not require much capital capitalor or many man men to tl start a u factory Now work is III so M divided by h Improved 1 ma ur machinery chinery that the single workman Is U but oIe of 01 the thc cogs cog of ot n 11 i very ver large wheel wheeland wheeland and if It he slips out another can cun be he very ery easily lilted fitted In A halt hulf century ago ogo one man mun made a n 1 whole shoe cho today 61 81 6 iren tren lulo their part In III milking making n 1 shoe and laud each of ot them does hut but one thing nil all the day long Ono One man cuts tho the sole role another the upper another tin fin finished Ishell one olle part and another another and wi till on the Ill whole 08 OS milking making tho the shoe hOt In the past each elch one of ot these thelo CS C workmen could have started n 1 shop shOllot of ot his own Now Nov ow they the are only pieces of ot machines and as LS such Buch can be re replaced roo replaced placed by Ii others It U Is ID modern Invention which has hos de destroyed strayed Individuality It Is Only byr by b trot r t I oat 1 n 1 In the union that tho the In III Individual ran fan act aw as a n 1 whole and Ind protect i himself Under the tho old method one ont man amounted to teJ something i now It II Is IA only by combination that he u IA I able ablo to accomplish results result It If the sixty edit c ht men stop slop the thc cannot go on nn It IH is the union that thai makes this tads possible anti thus ouch each of oC the six I to get hid hIli rights IZ U LADOIt IN 1901 Are 1 trades unions Increasing In hr the United Statts Stotts Yes Yc replied Mi Mr II tampers Very Yer rapidly 1 J dont Ilont know nf nt any lime In our history when they th have grown faster than they rue lire growing now nol The Tho American Federation of or Labor r Is you ou know composed l of ot nearly all III the Inter International national national state stall central and local unions ot of the country These fhe are lire Independent Ind pendent organizations but they work In connection with and andas andas as IR a n part pert of or the American Federation of Labor We e ur are continually adding I new members member During the past pa t year we wr 1 have Issued new nel charters for ro twenty twenty ty International unions three state federations tel mil Iii central l labor Ibor unions and anel more than then 1000 local and anti federal unions minions We have now nil all told more than 2100 unions of various kinds In theo federation and amid our membership hll Is very vory near We Increase our members by b missionary work ork on tho the part of ot organizers organizer whom we send to nil all sections N of ot the United States State anti and In addition a n avast vast amount of volunteer work Is I going on on nn the part of ot tho the and Individuals Tail Im LADOIt TRUST You tOl say 1111 you OU have two million work 1 In your our combination n Mr bur Gem Oom per perl Mrs I suppose they ther the will average 3 n II duy etli da or In the aggregate a 1 adny day or more mor more than n a year CIU In ril not organized labor a f trust and where will you OU 1111 u a 1 trust with suel power r er and an t such uch dividends You may call It a n trust replied Mr Oom TI with a 11 smile but It Is n a trust for the good of ot the many and ond not for tor the Individual few fow The combinations lions of oC capital try tn to eliminate every evon everyone ono one but themselves They The try to freeze out ns as many of ot their own on members as nit they can eRn and the thc big fish Osh eat the little ones OM Our trust It If you call It so RO Is la open 1111 to all nil W We Wc welcome every elry one and I our only on aim Is IR the Iho good goo of ot tho the country countr and of ot all alt the thc members of oC our organization Will 1111 the tho day come when all nil labor In Inthis inthis this country will le tie organized I think so o replied Mr bur Ir Gompers It Is 11 coming fa fast tut t LABOR VS 5 Hut lut will trill not A 1 combination such an its you ou have be a menace to the govern government government government ment You have hao two millions now no em cm embracing bracing I should say sa of fie the voters of ot tho the United States Mates At t the present pr Fent rate of or Increase e your our organisation lion tion nu soon noon be su o wielded as 1111 to tn dictate candidates candidate Inaugurate and rule rul or ruin the Ihl country Organized Or II labor will certainly In Increase Increase crease aa nt an all economic force torce said Mi U II although as ns at lit present lr A lt or organized labor U Is not with any political party part It would he bu fur tur worse for or the United l States Stated however If there them were vere no such thing as ae a n labor organization zillion c wo wu 1 had no concerted effort to 10 protect our OUI Workingmen from the exactions of the capitalists Let Iet I greed grind the tho down dOln to the ut lit utmost utmost most mo t millionaires Increase a even faster luster than they are arc now by b the dc de development of oC our material resources Let lct the rich grow |