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Show THREE FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS IN IMPROVEMENT OF FARM BUSINESS: N CITY Uncle Sam to Allies: Please Remit! plan, at least so far as Interest is concerned, have been disappointing, it is frankly admitted In administration Uncle Sam Is XXASHINGTON getting ready to send out Please remit notices to the allied powers who owe him approximately He has been a patient $12,000,000,000. creditor and he will continue to be patient, but he would like to have some notes, promissory definitely dated, in place of the vague I. O. U.s he now holds. Expressed In diplomatic language, the administration, through the State department, is preto paring to make representations the allied governments and ask them rather pointedly when they are going to begin paying up. Efforts to refund the allied indebtedness and get America's creditors started paying on the Installment circles. The prospect Is extremely uncertain. It Is no longer a secret that the various nations are jockeying with each other for advantageous positions in the refunding negotiations. That Is the situation that the foreign debt refunding commission, made up of Secretary of State Hughes, Secretary of the Treasury Mellon, Secretary of Commerce Hoover, Senator and Representative Utah, Smoot, Burton, Ohio, finds itself In several months after its creation. It Is understood here . that . Great Britain, which has announced her intention to pay her obligations to the United States, looks to France to settle, her obligations to England, and France in turn looks to Germany to make good on her reparations before she pays Great Britain. Furthermore, England expects to settle on as good terms as any of the creditors of the United States. It is now seriously doubted whether anything will be done for months to come unless Uncle Sam gets busy. To Preserve Washington Palm Groves "'ONGRESS has graciously allowed the American people to be presented with a new national monument. It Is In Riverside county, California, and its purpose is to preserve some fine specimens of the rare Washington palm. Congress says the people may have It when the donors furnish the money to pay the Indians for the land. The senate has passed house bill 7,598. Senator Johnson of California called up the bill and said: The monument is desired In order to preserve what Is probably the only remaining large groves of natural wild Washington palms in the United Three adjoining canyons, States. Palm, Murray and Andreas, each containing an extensive grove of these desert palms, are embraced within the area of the proposed monument. Many other specimens of desert flora of major scientific Interest are also to be found tjlPre. The bill has' the approval of the Department of the Interior, Including the bureau of Indian affair.. It safeguards the Indians and it costs the government nothing at all. The bill provides that the secretary 1 of the interior shall set aside and administer the monument, which contains 1,600 acres, Provided, that before such reservation and dedication as herein authorized shall become effective the consent and relinquishment of the Agua Caliente band of Indians shall first be obtained, covering its right, title, and Interest in and to the lands herein described, and payment therefor to the members of said band on a per capita basis, at a price to be agreed upon, when there shall be donated for such purposes to the secretary of the Interior a fund in an amount to be fixed and determined by him as sufficient to compensate the Indians therefor. Prisoners The delegation asked for amnesty for all the 87 political prisoners now in federal penitentiaries. They brought with them a petition containing 1,000,000' signatures pleading for the release of the prisoners. PARDONS ' Paul F. Brissenden of Columbia uniFOR FOES versity, who acted as spokesman, explained to the President that no inOF HATI0N dividual pardons were sought and that only a general amnesty was desired. They were convicted, he stated, because of their membership In the L has put his W. W. PRESIDENT HARDING hard on general amhe said, it Is unjust to Surely, nesty for political prisoners. He pardon one person convicted of an Presideclared that as long as he was offense on the score of membership dent he would never pardon any crimi- In an organization, without extending nal who was guilty of preaching the clemency to all convicted on that destruction of the government by basis. All are guilty or none is force. , guilty. He made this declaration of policy The delegation Included Mrs. Robert to a delegation seeking a general La Foltette, Mrs. George Odell, past He told them he could not national chairman of the Womens Inbring himself to grant general ternational league; Rosa Tates Foruntil he knew that all prisoners rester, district chairman of the Womield under the war acts have only ens Trade Union league; Rachel committed strictly war offenses. Davis-Duboiexecutive secretary of He stated that he was giving con- the Womens International league; sideration to the cases and that he Mrs. William Vaughn Moody of Chihad instructed the Department of Jus- cago, Mrs. Lorado Taft of Chicago tice to expedite reports in all these the Rev. Deremus Scudder of Boscases, but concluded by placing a ton, officially representing the Federal strict ban on pardons for, those con- Council of Churches; Morris Hillqwit victed of advocating the overthrow of of New York, officially representing the Socialist party of America. the government by violence. am-lest- y Claims of Americans Against Germany A BILL to provide for the payment of American claims against Germany has been introduced in the senate Jby Senator Underwood (Ala.), 9 Democratic leader. It is provided that American claims shall be adjudicated by a commission, and unless otherwise satisfied paid out of the German property In accordance with the provisions of the Versailles treaty and the separate treaty of peace between the United States and Germany. The bill creates a commission to be known as the enemy property claims commission, composed of six commissioners to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the senate. The commission would have practically all the powers of a United States court Any question of sufficient importance to warrant such action would be settled by the Supreme court. The German property Is to be classified and American claims paid out of the several classes of property in their order, each class to be exhausted before the funds of another class are touched. Under tW pUn the property of the German government itself will be first used to pay American claims, and only when that is exhausted will the property of German subjects be used to satisfy American claims. Claims of American citizens against Germany have been filed with the State department to the amount of nearly It Is estimated that $1,000,000,000. just claims amount to at least $400,-000,00- 0. Mr. Underwood said that the German government, committing Its nationals, had consented that congress should determine the matter. More than a year had passed by since our treaty of peace with Germany was signed and he thought the time had come when congress should act 14J Per Cent in the 1922 . . (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Help the farmer to help himself," wns the keynote of an address by Dr. H. C. Taylor, chief of the newly created bureau of agricultural economies, at a recent meeting of New England extension workers at Amherst, Mass. Three fundamental factors in improvOne of Bhutans "Castles by the National Geographic Washington, D. C.) (Prepared Society, Though the feudalism of the Middle Ages has disappeared from the western world, !' is in full flower In Bhutan, just ovef the northeastern border of India on t.'e southern slope of the Himalayas. The main road to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and the route followed In recent attempts to scale Mt. Everest runs just along the western edge of this almost unknown country. Ridge after ridge of the worlds highest mountains run southward from the Himalayas, and over these gigantic ranges and valleys Is spread Bhutan, an area about equal to that of West Virginia. Some of the Bhutanese peaks attain altitudes up to 24,000 and 25,000 feet. From this roof of the world flow great turbulent rivers which would prove a joy to lovers of nature, but almost a sorrow to engineers, for in them milr are runlions of potential ning to waste. The nearest approach to power utilization is in the few set up beside Buddhist prayer-wheel- s some of these streams that prayers may be reeled off mechanically. In contrast to the peaks, clad In eternal snow, are the deep valleys, and to the southward the low plains of Bhutan, where In the damp, heat grow dense jungles of palms, ferns and bamboos. Between the two extremes are magnificent grazing grounds In the higher plateaus, high pine forests, rhododendrons, magnolias, chestnuts and oaks. In eastern Bhutan the hills are densely clothed with, forests, but have practically no population, as the ren to allow ot gion Is too any one living there. These hills are, however, the haunt of almost every kind of wild rhino, tiger, leopard, bison, mythun, sambur, bnrking deer, etc. cheetah, The river beds are full of runs leading s which occur to the various In the hills. It Is an ideal place for shooting, but not easy to follow game, owing to the extreme steepness of the sandstone cliffs. The elephant In its wild state can go over or dow nearly anything, and one tusker in escaping a hunting party of Europeans was found to have gone up a precipice 30 feet high at an angle very little short of perpendic-ular- . Mules Are Fed Raw Eggs. All transportation in Bhutan is on the backs of animals, and a queer creatures array of two and It is, ranging from coolies at one end at the other of the scale to and Including elephants, mules, donkeys, ponies, yaks and oxen. Mules are the stand-b- y for use on the mountain trails, and the Bhutanese manage to keep them in good condition despite their strenuous employment. Whether their odd custom of feeding the mules a concentrated emergency ration of raw eggs has anything to do with the good condition of the pack animals is not clear; .certainly there are few sights queerer than that of Bhutanese mule tenders, just before a strenuous climb, breaking eggs like an American soda-watvender, dumping them into a horn, and pouring them down the throats of the animals. One of the most distinctive things about Bhutan is its architecture. Religion and war have been the chief factors in molding it. Most of the villages or towns are citadels or forts and monasteries combined. And they are truly castles in the air huge piles usually perched on some dominating ridge or cliff brink or against the side of a seemingly unattainable One striking architectural precipice. feature is that all the walls have a distinct slope inward as they rise. The observer wonders where this form of architecture came from; whethei It came from this remote end region in the Himalayas through the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians and Persians from Egyp or whether the center from which the ijrt spread was founded by a race whlblj had its habitat somewhere in Asia. Not many years ago Bhutan was the. scene of seemingly unending wars aM raids between factions of its turbulent hillmen. It was ruled jointly by a religious and lay ruler. Since 1907 It has become a kingdom and peace seems to have settled upon it. Many a jungle hillside has given way to rice fields and tea gardens. Bhutans feudal system Is very close horse-powe- Political No Pardon for Survey Shows Increase of g fever-stricke- animal--elepha- hog-dee- nt, r, salt-lick- 1 four-foote- d pack-shee- p inac-eessab- in the Air" Tongsa Jong. In many ways to, that of medieval Europe. The nobles live in castle-fort- s with large groups of retainers. Some of these till the fields while others carry on industries necessary for the maintenance of the establishment. In the factory wings of some of the great castles many girls and women are kept busy weaving silk, wool, and cotten fabrics. Men make excellently tempered swords and other weapons from charcoal iron, and others engage In gold, and silversmiths work. In the monasteries bells and images are cast from metals. Their swords are very handsome weapons, with finely finished blades, elaborately wrought, Inlaid with turquoise and coral, and d silver scabbards with patterns, attached to handsome leather belts with brightly colored silk cords and tassels. Their daggers are also very fine, many of them with ttlangu-la- r blades and fluted sides with sheaths of exquisite open sliver and gold work set with turquoise. . The monasteries possess an art which is probably peculiar to Bhutan. They make most beautiful needlework pictures of the saints on hanging banners. Innumerable pieces of colored silks and brocades are applied In a most artistic manner with elaborate stitches of all kinds. Many of them are veritable works of art. Another Industry in which the Bhutanese excel Is basket-wor- k and fine matting, made from split cane. The baskets are beautifully woven of very finely split cane and some of the lengths are colored to form a pattern. They are made in two circular pieces, rounded top and bottom, and the two pieces fit so closely and well that they can be used to carry water. They are from 6 to 15 Inches In diameter, and the Bhutanese use them principally to carry cooked rice and food. They also make much largei and stronger baskets, very much in the shape of a and these are used in a similar' way for pack animals. Why Their Work la Excellent. Possibly the excellence of the work produced In Bhutan owes much to the feudal system' which still prevails there. Each penlop and jongpen has his own workmen among his retainers, men who are not paid by the piece and are not obliged either to work up to time or fo work at all if the spirit is not In them, and consequently they put their souls Into what they do,' with the result that some pieces of splendid individuality and excellent finish are still made. No two pieces are quite alike, and each workman leaves his impress on his work.' If Bhutan is ever opened up as a resort for sightseers Americas Grand canyon and its Tosemite valley may have to look to their laurels. The gorge of the Tcliin-eh- u is bordered by stupendous cliffs of the most weird shapes, among the lowest of which El Capitan of the Tosemite would be dwarfed. The towering rocks are cleft in numberless places from top to bottom, leaving narrow slits or fissures, some of which are Add to be a mile or more long. The Bhutanese men are fine, tall, with an open, honest cast of face, and the women are comely, clean and well dressed and excellent housekeepers and managers. Their religion is Buddhism and their language a dialect of Tibetan. The population of Bhutan is about 400,000. The clothes of the higher officials are always Immaculate, their brocades and silks fresh and unstained in any way, and even the coolies are a great contrast to the usual Tibetan or Darjeeling coolie. A great part of the country is under cultivation, and they raise sufficient crops to support the whole population, including the lamas. As the lamas in Bhutan are fed, clothed and housed at state expense, and as their numbers have steadily increased, they have become a very heavy burden. silver-handle- gold-washe- mule-pannie- r, ; g ' d ceed. It Nr ' T -- , S- - s , V i , Association Members ot Bringing Their Produce to Shipping Point The Association Is Succeedon ing Because It Is Organized Sound Business Lines. the blood sows held for fall litters were marketed at this time, Doctor All we can do, howTaylor said. ever, is to provide the information and leave the farmer to draw his own conclusion." Another illustration cited Is the agitation In the spring wheat regions for changes in the federal grain grades. Doctor Taylor said : A careful study of the whole situation suggests that this problem would still remain in its present form if the grades were changed and that the solution lies not In legislation but in education and more Intelligent action on the part of the farmers themselves. Know Your Wheat" Campaign. As a result, an educational campaign will be organized In the spring wheat states with a view to securing more adequate information regarding the market value of the different f'' Maternal Responsibility. grades of wheat and the different friend of the family happened to qualities within the different grades. be at the house when the baby cried, This Information will be made availand watched Pauline interestedly as able to farmers and local buyers and all others Interested in more detailed she tried to quiet the infant. "Hes a nice little brother to have, Information regarding the milling value of wheat. isnt he? she smiled. Farmers must know the quality of Pauline replied, O, he may be all right when he grows up, but I f nb wheat they possess, and a Know Your hell be an awful hard baby for me tc Wheat campaign has been organized raise." by providing training schools where 'A Pig Crop Production. v competent teachers will train county agents, to grade grain; grain-testinlaboratories in the office of the county agent where farmers may bring samples of their grain to be tested, and where they themselves may learn how to test their own wheat, and training schools for county grain buyers so that they may Introduce more accurate ing the farm business were outlined: methods In grading grain delivered to marketto Adjustment of production . them. and utilizing conditions, In discussing marketof the services government ing ing, Doctor Taylor said that successagencies. ful must be based upon I. believe that when farmers have a efficient service to the other fellow view of the relative imat a fair, price, even though Its prime portance of these three lines of acbe the welfare of the objective tion, they will look more to Individual effort In solving the marketing probAgriculture Includes too large a lem, Doctor Taylor said. of the total population to proportion In adjusting production to marketprosper without the prosperity of the staof the ing conditions, knowledge nation as a whole. I am thoroughly tistics of production and marketing convinced that just to the extent that and their interpretation In the light of past experience are primarily essential. It is the job of public agencies to collect these data, but it remains for the farmer himself to act upon them. Discusses Hog Situation. The present situation regarding prospective supplies of hogs was given by Doctor Taylor as a case in point. Last November and December prices of hogs were low. No adequate statistics were available with regard to the supply of hogs coming to market, and the packers overestimated the supply yet to come from the country. As a result prices were lower than was justified by the conditions of supply and demand and at the end of the winter run the storage houses had low stocks of pork. The Department of 'Agriculture made a survey of pig production, so as to have a fair estimate of the supply of hogs available for market this fall. The figures show an increase of 14 Thi Farmer Knows the Quality of HI Wheat. per cent In the 1922 spring pig crop over that for 1921, and an Increase of 49 per cent in the number of brood the motive of fixing prices a an obsows teing kept for fall litters. This jective in the organization of marketing Is kept in the fore- information has been widely dissemand the hope of a monopoly ground inated among producers of hogs through the press and orally by exten- price for farm products is the domision workers, thereby enabling pro- nant motive on the part of farmers in organizations, ducers to decide whether they should entering sell at once some of the sows they had the movement Is doomed to.fail. Agricultural promoted and orIntended to keep for fall litters. , In the light of these figures It is ganized In the spirit of extortion, in a probable that American farmers would spirit of price fixing on a monopoly be better off and the American con- basis, or, in any way in the spirit of sumers suffer no injustice if a third of doing the other fellow cannot sucDoctor Taylor also believes that the salient factor in solving the problem of fair charges for middleman services In central markets Is the study of the whole question from the standpoint of their effect upon both producer and consumer. He stated that the federal government working in close with the state governments which are themselves institutions is the logical agency to do this. The fruit and vegetable Inspection service was given as an illustration of this point. A carload of spinach Is shipped from Austin,' Tex. Upon arrival in New York city there may be more spinach on the market than is needed. In olden days the dealer who had contracted for the spinach might report that the car arrived in bad condition and refuse to accept It. The farmer at Austin could not afford to go to New York to look Into the matter and without some system of government inspection he was at a disadvantage. Under the present system of Inspection he can call for gov- -' eminent inspection upon the car, and If the spinach Is in good condition he Is in position to enforce the original contract. If it is In bad condition he has the basis of a claim upon the railway company if the spinach was In good condition when received by the carrier. Introduction of standard grades and their administration in business transactions Is also regarded by Doctor Taylor as of great Importance in aiding to secure a square deal for the farmer. CHARD IS GOOD FOR POULTRY Plant I Simple Beet With , More Leaves and Less Root More ' Space la Necessary. Chard is a good plant for the poulThe bulletin of the New York State College of Agriculture says of this vegetable: Chard is simply a beet with more leaves and less root than other beets. If you like beet greens you will like chard. It is a cut and come again crop, the outer larger leaves only being gathered each time and the young inner leaves left to develop. The culture is the same as that of other beets, but more space, eight Inches at least, . should be allowed between plants. try yard. , |