| Show ann TRACES OF EARLY INDIAN LIFE j I t I ent Expedition Unearths In Jefferson JOI lorson County 7 Missouri Cooking Puns PIOUS Used by tho the Abo 1 j Americans Something Like Two Hundred j Years Like Great nL Punch Bowl 2 r he MUMs fueL May Iny the aboriginal Indians of North America did cooking In iti their time has been en made evident by the discovery dl In various parts of ot th the United of ot earthenware vessels apparently adapt adapted ed elt to no other othor purpose e Those These vowels called saltpans by br jib lIto aroh arch archaeologist because their chief purpose nt at n t diet OlSt to hav hll been bun thu th oal evaporation oration of ot stilt salt from the tue suit sit springs near which the tho Indiana established so molly many of at their me are the till largest known specimens of DC native active te lean iran pottery Time largest one over ever found has recently come coins Into the pus pos Session of ot the thu Peabody J I museum at Har liar yard It measures uros some seine 31 38 incItes Inches In diameter by 11 Inches deep rep In appear unco anre therefore It Is very much like a it abig big dim I low punch tunch It was dIe dis discovered covered not long ago by an nn archaeological ical leal expedition eXI under the trie joint auspIces of ot tho the Peabody museum and the Uni University er lt of California anti and 1 is hi an Important tRIlL tant part of ot the time Instructive spoil poll taken from what Is in now a farm t rm astir tho the meeting of the lie little and the th big Mississippi rivers In Jefferson CoOn ty Mo once the tho lie site Bite of ot a tt small Indian village This Thin big saltpan In which the tho In rp not only salt from from roni tho the lIter r of lit suit tiit licks hicks which still exist ex t In Inthe Inthe the tue Immediate vicinity but probably cooked their elk meet meat or venison Is la on only 01 only ly Iy one olle of oC a 11 goodly number of or similar but smaller utensils found In Inthe the same sallie lo ho locality The larger pans were nil all nl sunk In the time clay bottom upon which tho the en encampment had rested and were vere there therefore tore fore as ns permanent us as any an modern stove tUVe or oven men Time The difference was that lire instead In of oC being built under or against the he oven oen was waR brought to It In the tue shape of oC heated stones atones some of at which still showing evidence of or the many malmy mall hen to which the Indians had hind subjected them still remained In the saltpans ns re reo recovered recovered covered by the Harvard and California I archaeologists Near the saltpans or native cooking I apparatus still remained portions of at the tue nt fireplaces In which the stones hail had been I In heated h together with the flue bone of ot several different kinds hinds of or an animals anImals animals which formed of oC the ito Indian of ot about years year ago 00 These remains Included elk beaver benver deer fox anti turkey turk y jut hut these there were no of the buffalo bu 1111 10 although buffalo remains are often otten found among tho the rel rei relics relIcs ics of ot the lie Indians who once roamed ro m d the hc themore themore more western prairies How these ab eli aboriginal I original American villagers prepared their meat beyond their method of heating their earthenware pans Is IA us as much tn h H a mystery as nil how hov they transport transported ed Id the ml red hot stones ton s mom OM the fireplaces to 10 i the lie cooking pans The hip big saltpan and anil its itA smaller com companion panion hanion pieces of or aboriginal kitchen and economy were werl naturally opt not n t the only evidence of or early Indian life lire found In the old lIIs I so 80 long hidden tiTular the plowed furrows of at modern agriculture The excavation not vet fully tull completed has already revealed te n a cemetery ax his well as us a village lIIne the wn Im differing from most of ot the Indian burial places placeR found anti opened In various parts arts of or the lie United d B In that It was sas very 11 much macli than Ihan VA usually the rase case Although oln ocen IIlona Isolated graves have been ills UR covered the experience of ot previous archaeological Ine would have ha led lell naturally to the expectation of wV finding either ell her a 11 very ery small group o 0 01 t graves gru e each containing one olle skeleton 01 Or K skeletons or a ti very largo large on Otis embracing hundreds of ot burials burin Is In hit iii case only 27 21 were terre discovered al nl although although though this his number represented thiS the burial of ot several loVeral mica as ns many Indians In tho lie gmell which were toro probably not nol earlier than the he seventeenth century were found Cound ninny similar specimens ol of pottery chiefly earthenware bowls In which the friends and relatives relative of ot the sli departed 1 warriors had hud placed what they the considered would be food nough to last u Ut UI them during their Journey to till tile happy si st hunting one onu bowl bawl In some Horns caws cases having evidently been liCen considered sufficient for lor two warriors while In oth othor k cr or cases a It single perhaps a very j a hungry ono one during his lifetime had ad been b en supplied With Be veral These e bowls lab In interesting contrast with a 1 some somewhat n II what similar sPoIler custom that existed exl ted let iet P among the 1 nations notions of ot anti ft al quit In which the burled buried food vessel co COI were ivere almost always broken In pieces be fore rare burial were nearly all j Ilk aik Like time the larger cooking pans they went ware its iti made of at clay In ninny many cases perhaps v the clay token taken from the bunk banka of ot the c Cli It small mall creek cleek that still connects the tho sitS lt v i F of or the tue village with the Mississippi river p B gt about one and a half halt miles distant mixed with finely broken up shells and JI I Im modelled m by hand Hut But whether the this 13 t Indians actually made their pottery U it tU tot one olle of ot the lie debated questions of or arch em eld III neology and It lion has been Ileen argued ri ci I ally In the eases canes of or the time larger and more m III cooking pans pano that It may ma have been Iteen an nn Inheritance from rein more civilized be ancestors on Ion The bowls bowis whether Inherited or malt mails p It by b the owners by some seine s rne now unknown process plo eR were Wert very common anti and were a it c found Cound abundantly In the tho old village j tl With them were also many of ot the hell nj ad that lint archaeology once served serve n Ib I the lie Indian OB liS spoons fill eli of ot them chip ni Ii red pod In such fashion as to lead to the Cc belief belleC that lint they worn were once tarnished furnished mr met with handles With these the e culinary ar an j frieS were isire found many of at the tile stone Im un jf itt with which the earlier Amer i 1 c o 0 leans roughly fashioned their arrow arrowheads heads broths chipped places In their spoon ON shells for tor the Iho Insertion of 01 handles handle I or y j I performed other primitive manual op fc 10 c Other Othe shells perforated and y doubtless ss used as ns Jewelry to adorn long Ion III to ago braves for lor their places nt at the council fire were svere found Cound In the village t some somo of which were Identified n as having rOm comp train from thO hit little nearby nearh creek Ire k while v berm Cn en others came from the Mississippi river and a very err few rew from aa us a far tar away awn a at as the Pin cia Plait Gulf of Mexico fbi One of ot the Interesting things about jer the excavations as aM K so PO far tRI conducted It U that nothing has hn been blen found fotini thAt SUB s IllS a B v c o 0 goats gots Intercourse with lIh this the whites uch for example exam le ns as bends bentin of or H manufacture or the little silver pro IrO cruses e j frequently found In regions tt p d bV bY thin the th early farly Jesuit le or lit by r the adventurous early French traders ruder Ie n I It I is III known historically that lint the French wi ho 11 iiii setre If operating lend leall mines mine not tit en scry ery Iter t tar lr from Crom the lilt te of oC the village eaV ta v In J eta the tho century the village In therefore undoubtedly lly ly this I period If In fact the whole region n be c cn cc Co COI longs to tn various arlous degrees of ot thus the past for tor It contains near moor the site of at th c Y f 5 explorations the famous mastodon bd erg from which was excavated one on of ot the n first fr t mn mastodon skeletons ster Pt due dult un Ut Utin In America Northeast of the villa r moreover r U Iii the greet prent mound the survival II U 1 of rIC the lie Mound 60 It h hs s not vet It et had fa fathe at the Rood good fortune that has ban befallen the fj C U nov other similar monuments of oC pre prehistoric It If historic America that have been belli pro pre nr opo J from utilitarian de des the bv by h being made state or at na national lIonal parks RR L A A AA A s lit |
