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Show THE SALT LAKE TRIBUNE, SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 10 6, 1920. American Invention Removes Limitation Barriers of U-Bo- I at Mechanism of Massachusetts Electrical Engineer Increases Efficiency of Mines Laid in Ocean 400 Per Cent. By ADMIRAL WILLIAM SOWDEN SLMS. the British were still sxperlmsntlng with mines, they discovered gradually that th design which they had used up to that time the tame design which was used v sloopa, chasers and In the American nayy had bean defee the process of developing new other craft In the open seas? It tlve. But Milow and mine In war time had hardly surprising that our methods Im- difficulty and the demandproved of tba army tedious as our of critics certain on the ammunition factories had prevent pressed d the admiralty from obtaining a suffl and and that a mere glance clent number. The work of the Dover sea sugat a small map of the North patrols was A gtorlous one, aa will ap gested a far more reasonable solution of near when all of th facta come to puO' the problem. The base from which the lie knowledge. But in 1917 this patrol from German submarines found their way to was not preventing th through ths channel the the greet center of shipping were slipping Btralt at of the The Dover, point and Zeebrugge on the Belgian barrage was supcoast, Wllhelmehav en and Cuxhaven on where thishave existed, la about twenty the German coast, and the harbor of Kiel posed to mllea wide. The paaeageway between in the Baltic sea. From all these points the vovage to Scotland and Norway la 60 miles wide. the waters that lay west and south of Tbe weter In the channel baa an averIreland was a long and difficult one; In age depth of a few fathoms; In the north order to reach these hunting grounds, the ern expanse of the North sea It reach German craft had either to pass through an average depth of (00 feet. Mining In the Strait of Dover to the south, or steh deep waters had never been unbefore by any through the wide passage ay of the dertaken or even considered The English channel la celeNorth sea that stretched between the nation. tides and stormy Shetland islands and Norwav. and thench brated for Its strong sail around the northern coast of Ireland. w rattier, but It I not the scene of the W necessarily had little success In at. tempestuous gales which rage so frequently In the winter months In these tempting to Interfere with the while they were making these lengthy northern water. If the Brltlah navy not succeeded In constructing an efa had epen-esvovages. but concentrated our efforts on trying to oppose them after fective mine barrier across th English channel, what was the likelihood that they had reached the critical areas.. success would crown an effort to build a much greater obstruction In th far more Has Popular Appeal. difficult water to the north? ' But a casual glance at tbe map. convinced many people that our procedure Barrage Must Be Protected. was And most newspaper mistake Th point wfhlch few understood at that readers In these day were giving much attention to this map Many periodicals, time was- - the mere building of the ban-ragwould not In Itself prevent th published in Great Britain and the United States, were fond of exhibiting to their escape of submarines from th North sea Beside building such a barrage. It would the North sea, these readers diagrams of be necessary to protect it with surface diagrams contained one heavy black bar vessel Otherwise German min (weepdrawn across the Strait of Dover and another drawn serose the northern pas- ers could visit ths scene, and sweep up enough of the obstruction to make a hole sage from Scotland to Norway. The accompany ing printed matter In through which their submarines oould formed the public that these pictures I- pass It is evident that, In a barrage extendllustrated the one effective answer to the submarine The black bars of print ing 250 miles. It would not be difficult er'e Ink represented barrages of mines to find some place In which to conduct and nets, whlcn, If tnev were once Did auch sweeping operations. It Is also clear between the lidicated spots.' would blow that it would take a considerable numto piece unv submarine which attempted ber of patrolling vessels to watch such an extensive barrier and to Interfere wiWi to force a way across Not a single German could such operation Moreover, we could not eend our mine therefore succeed In getting out of the North res. All the transatlantic ships lavers Into the North sea without dewhich contained the food supplies and stroyer escort; that is, it would be neceswar materials so essential to allied sucsary to detach a considerable part Of our cess, would thus be ahlo to land on the force to protect these ships while they west coast of England and France: the were laving their mine Those responsible for antisubmarine operation submarine manse would automatically In tne that. disappear and the war on the sea would 191 spring and summer of be won. 1, It would have been unwise to detach these antisubmarine vessels from th areas In which they were performing Naval Men Deceived. such Indispensable service. was . not it the Unfortunately piconly torial artists employed on newspapers Germans Remove Mines. and magaitnes who Insisted that tills was The overwhelming fact was that th royal road to success Plenty of tiaxai men. In the United Mates and In needed all the surface craft wa could aswere rope, constantly making the contenThe detion. and statesmen In our own country semble for the convoy svstem and In allied countries were similarly fas- stroyer which we had available for this purpose were entirely Inadequate; to have cinate by this program. When I arrived In London. In April, diverted any of tnem for other duties would at that time have meant destruc191 T. th great plan of confining the submarine to their bases was everywhere a tion to the allied cause. Tbe object of placing th barrage so There was not lively txiplc of discussion north was to Increase the enemy's a London club In which th admiralty was not densunced for Its stupidity In not difficulty in sftempting to swesp s pasadopting such a perfectly obvious plan. sageourthrough it end facilitate Its defense forces by The Impossibility of deTbe way to destroy a swarm of hornets such was the favorite simile naa to an- fending a mine barrier placed too far south was shown by avperience in that nihilate them in their nests, and not to hunt and attack them, one by oft, after area of the North sea which was known as the wet triangle." they had escaped into the open. By April, 1917, the British bad laid What the situation needed was not a long and wearisome campaign. Involving more than 30 0U0 mines in the Bight of unlimited new construction, to offset the Helgoland, and were tben Increasing at th rat of 300$ increasing losses of life and shipping, and these obstructions mines a month. Tot thl vast explosive altogether too probable defeat In the end. field did not prevent the German from but a swift and terrible blow, which would end the submarine menace over- tending their submarines to sea. The enemy sweepers were dragging out night. chajintls through tho minefields almost aa rapidly aa th Brltlah were Nets Not Effective. them down, w could not prevent putting When the first lord of th edralralty, protecting vessels could notthis, because remain to Winston Churchill, in 1915 declared that near the German bases without losses the Brltlah fleet would "dig the Germans nxvra submarine Moreover, the out of their holes like rats, his remarks German also laid attacks mine In the same are did not greatly impress naval in order to trap the British strategist, but they certainly sounded a not which and these operations resulted minelayer; in very was popular in England. considerable losses on each side. One fact, not generally known at that time, demonstrated the futility of th Mines Needed. whole idea. Most newspaper critics as- 400,000 These Impediments made the egress of sumed that th barrage from Lo er to Calais was keeping the submarines out of 4 submarine a difficult and g th channel. That tne destrovers. air- proceas, it sometimes required two or craft and otbar patrols were esfelv three days and the assistance of a dosen escorting troop ships and other vessels or so surface vessel to get a few subacross ith channel was a fact of which marine through the Helgoland th British public was Justly proud. Tet into the open waters, several were bight unIt did not necessarily follow that questionably destroyed In the submarines could not use the channel as a o.uhma.-inesP,7?X passageway from their German cases to AUantlc who wed tnat tne mtke'fie'da their operating areas in the focus of al had by no means succeeded In proving more than a harssemg measure lied shipping route It was estimated that the North sea The mine and nets In the channel of would require about 400 000 which so much was printed In the first barrage three years of th war. did not offer an mlpea, far more than existed In the at world that effective barrier to the submarines time, and far more than ail This wa due to various reasons too compli- our manufacturing resources could within a reasonab'e period then cated for description in an arti.-lof this produce I have already made tbe brief nature. point, and I cannot make It t that time Is often the essentialfrequently, element In war Rough Weather Hinders. end In this rase it was of vital ImDor. The unusually strong tides and rough tance Whether Is program a weather experienced In the vicinity qf the or not depends not only upon tbe feed? Btralt of Dover are well known As one blltty of tne plan Itself, but the British officer expressed It st the time time and ho circumstances In upon which it our experience In attempting to "close Is proposed the strait has involved both blood and In the of 1917 the tears" blood because of the men who which we spring were fac'ng'wts that ts,tu,tton the allies would be obi ged to surrender safety above them Thu If such a mine urdar the old conditions would now he oxns'on of Aineri, an were lost in laving the mine and nets, shlpouildlng facili- lime today to were to be used at all. we should nave necessary. The mining section estimated ties ws signing bills passed In th destroj Ing a' j unconditionally. nd tear because of the arduous work Increasing at tremendous rate. "'ibn.n8 had to p'ant several layers, on under the that 100,000 mines would form a barrier A diagram closing davs of the present session of of of weeks would thee, he swept away In a fons,nront nThe'on down to a deptn of about 250 feet, Iha would be extremely dangerous to factor In the submarinethe two essential congress. Plan. Safe other, Convoy Only Measures approved included torm of a single night '''ngw hlchwaa at whatever depth submarines passing over It or through It such a rspldlv risingcampaign, curve of new the annual naval, The pressing problenura to find some to that thebesubmarine, would In addition, at this stage of the war. should conuVX. be likely ,o whereas, under tne old eond tiona, aoout sailing, might sundry elvll diplomats a rapid, y fa.ilrg curve and such methods that would check lives dtprede-tlon- s it snipping, one of these obstruction strike This 400,000 would bave been required. This of Sinkings that Hie time could be easily and consular and District of Columbia and that would check them in demanded an enormous such of more a number mere than In manImplies foreseen when the net amount of saving tiro The convoy system waa the on appropriation bills the industrial vocat mean iha we shipping aft- - the submarines had allied ufacturing resources rehabilitation naval plan the point cannot be mad too minesO' eas 0 render tne whole project Imdone tion measure, the bill dinuld need a p oportionateiy pose! sniaher would worst their of show Ina and In which permitting government owned radio staMay emphatically April promising W Americans may take pride In the number of g crews tions to hands private and press as ships 1917 held forth the certainty of itnmedl-atel- v But, crease' s'ated subthe mesehove, that It waa an American who Inbases, and supplies mi thoe sages. an amendment to th national result marines were still a distm t menace other fact. aceompl.s ling thi vented an entirely new tvpe of mine, and , lings w rich are seldom cor sidered bv they were sril! causing serious losses. th me' hods of opposing the submarines were therefor r, army appropriation solved thl difficulty. In tbe the amateur-lwarfare but which are as rid It wa therefore, very Important that bin"6 'developed whlcn magnificently suppie- - summer of 1917 Ralph C Browne, an essentia to Its prosecution as th more w should leave no sione meried (he convoy, out the convoj, at e'eetrical tounturned of Salem. Mass , of- spectacular detail engineer Meast In the spring and summer of 1911. ward demonsra.lng beyond a shadow of the considerawaa th one sure method of salvation for fered ofa submarine gunS for doubt that warfare an condncid by these P. Fullerwlnder, Commander Partial Barrier Effective. could be entirely put down To have started th tion in allied cause craft U. 8.N.. who was then l.n charge of the North sea bar? age in the spring and sumI wlab to empbaatxe the fact that. In of section th bureau of mining ordnance. 1917 mer of 558538S3Z would have meant abandonNorthern Project Adopted. laying such a barrage our object u as not ing the convoy evstem; tills would have New Mine to make an absolute barrier to the The more successfully we demonstrated Invented. . been sheer madness Ia summer w wear broadTo ha don As a submarine gun thla Invention d'd passage of submarines thl fact and the more energetically we Thus In 1917 the North sea barrage was w thla brim bate to protect the pershould have needed su h an nor. prosecuted ever form of not a ready answer to th popular pro- not seem to offer many chances of sucopposition, to mous number of mines that th operation earlier would hla general morale break fectly healthy ekm against posal "to teal th rats up In their hoi." cess. but Commander Fullerwlnder realhave been prouid Nor It would Impossible. a ised be a that and did down not min sunburn. By the game token virtorv In war, have assured which could be ike comprised Bring device of such a dense barrier have been Beading necessary where human lives aa well as nations The bureau of laid in sueb deep water in sufficient excellent promise we should wear tinted lenses to a Glaasea, $5 success, be that feld could assisted by Mr Browne, depended interest are at stake no thought whatnumbers to have formed any barrier at to protect our eyes against h or JPont take chance. Get Carfwi ever can be given to expense. It la Im the summer and fa'l experimenting spent and even If w bad possessed on with upon t destroy jail, sunburn. Let us examine Bifocals, 16.00 the conetrucfen of tbe barrage would tv contrivance and perfecting tt; the of the submarines that attempted the possible to rise a value on human life. TJttle Llrer Till right now. They would have compassage your eye and prescribe the 2 on represented November have demanded auch an enortnui numTherefore, 1917, the Ergllsn mining officers who bad been never fail to make the success sort to America to cooperate with our plete ber that they could not have bean manuright tint or shade of lenses project was ofliver do its duty. They Another circumstance which made th ficially "nortnem bvbarrage both factured In time to flnlah (he barrage unnavy expressed great enfhus'asm .ever the you should wear. American and U"pd relieve constipabarrage a feasible enterprise wa that, the frit is i governments til 'at In tie year 191S presently, tbe It, and some tlm about th beginning of by say Every pair of glasses we fit the first of th year 19! S It waa re- that the propoeed mm fte'd When situation began to change was as tong tion, banicii m. kugust th buresu of ordnance came to alised U guaranteed to the that submarine satisfy! the distance from hd ceased to The principal fact that made possible the eone'uaton tht It was a demonstrated be a to New factor In the war It still fork, some idea of ItsWashington digestion, thl great enterprise was tne Invention auceeaa magnitude may be drive out bilinew type of min Th detail of Mr. Browne'e Invention remained a serious embarrassment, and obtained of an entire! Th .Voicing like ft had ever been , ousness, old min consisted of a huge steal g'obe, are too lntricet for description In this every measure which could poeamly thwart attempted before The combined atop operaIt ahoud b adopted But tne writing of tion involved a mm of detail which the filed with high exploalve which could place, but Ite main point Is compreben. German dissinees, officer which have been be fired only by contact. lav mind cn was That Is, It was slbl Itenough. Its grea The clear the com comprenend since the war, make It apparent coat (f'l.ObO.OOO hardly I not necessary forvantage that the submanecessary for th surface of a such ' rine perhaps not an aspi exion, put a healthy glow on the to strike th mine in order to pro- that they themselves realised earlv In tonishing figure In ths as a submarine, to atrtk againstahlp, th surstatistics of this 1911 that they would have to plan their war, but It give some conception of the cheek and sparkle la the eye. Be cure face of the mine, to start th mechanJan duce th desired explosion. Th min of on hopes beels victory located oould be six tbe which Ignited th explosive charge. at any depth and from something of and get the genuine. undertaking a long antenna." a thin copper cage side th subraartn i reached up to within a few feet of tne Contact Essential 1Jft PHI Small Cose th toaO fCopvTlghted by Worlds maA Pries surface,' where It was supported In that Sinkings Decreased. Work. Th cop right of these articles tn The mere fact that thla Immediate cona bv email metal buov. position Is Anv Britain Tbe svstem and th other mth. Gnat DR. CARTER'S IRON PILLS. Naturei convoy reserved bv strictly tact was essential enormeoa.y Increased metallic substance, such ts th hull of a od of fighting under-watth difficulty of aueeoeafullv mlnlpg wa- submarine craft Which Fearaon s Msgsxln. London, without great nerve and blood tonic tot I have already simply by strUIng this andescribed had caused a their permlsrion ro ouo'ition mav be ter that rang In deptn from 40 to " tenna at anv would Droduee an point, In Aaemta, Rheumatism, kerremsM, Pub is d bv special arrangement deer fn April of made great feet. If the mine were laid anywhere electric current, sinking were nearlv goo 0"0 tone. with tbe Vrcluf Newspaper vindicate near th surface the submarine, merely transmitted to th which, instantaneously 1917 th lose and Female Weakneae. Sleeplessness cause would mine, In thl November of th same year th lose by diving beneath them, could avoid all mine (e explode The great advantage were lesa than 3ri 000 ton. PRESIDENT RUT IN BUSY Meanwhile Bsealaa moot danger; If they were laid an considerbear t at once nssatara of device thi day apparent. Omy the construction of able depth. It could aaU with complete a shipping WASHINGTON. June oe the number required largely a result of thmerchant President (put tremendous eg. Wilson, devoted practically ( bt. x nUr TRIBUNE WANTS BRINQ RESLJS there WAS mori satisfactory of destroying submarine by pursuing them with no 1 ftnd You'll t Be Ticlded i- - Wiihoiir TMWS at a Theyre really happy hats. feel They are so coo! make so care free, comfortable and contented when Old Sol is trying his hardest to get under your skin. Then, too, there is so much pride in possession of hats like these you know theyre such good style and so cleverly proportioned. Youll be tickled with the straw thats here for you you. particular You choose from thousands. Our prices, $3.00 and up. nerve-rackin- than any 20 per cent off sale. Our regular price is lower A direct comparison will convince you. ,1 v GRAY BROS. & CO. h; 258 South Main Street . -- mine-layin- ye Sunburn? Constipation and Sluggish Liver ord-ran- c. h one-fift- ii drtj n 109 SaMaln 1 h IITTLE 1VEH tad pub-liane- d er PLLJS .f IN; |