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Show THE OGDEN 6 STANDARD-EXAMINE- SUNDAY MORNING; 'JULY 17, 1921. V R of this . instability - cannot . be Weber county. We have described, it and .there been . locally . contorted l now known, as Bwan.Lake- - The wa later chapters ofA earth cause nlng over-thdiscussed here, and It will further be before, when viewed- from, the west well shown In the case of a fold in fers drained off through the Tortneuf. bnei more rapidly. hiitnnr much to "limit ourselTea to the ward.-a- s necessary hefwever, mass an almost Snake and' Columbia, rivers into the form of the letter" "B", attested development, of earthy survey v statement brief that part of the ele- rising abruptly ; fromprecipitous a nearly level the below, the reser- Pacific ocean.. The incision in the us Just roadside at in the' unaemnuinS will assist us. vating movement la brought on prin- plain. The western face of the moun- voir. The fold Is some fifty feet In rim of the basin is now utilized by problems before generalhave - that lite seencipally by intenv lateral forces, which tain marks the position or the We already height and almost as perfect as' If the Oregoa'Bhort Lir.e railroad" as an far bulge the beds upward by pllcatlng Wasatch fault plane and formsgreat the it had. been made by human hands. easy means of exit to the northwest. which made Its Initial appearance otherwise folding them. Further- dividing line between the upthrowrfl This structure is easily accessible and When at ita greatest, height, the back in the Proterozolc had beoome and : more, ! part of the upward movement la block, out of which the mountainsn could readily be made very attrac- water of this Inland sea. covered praccomplex and highly very abundant the . result of. vertically operating have been sculptured, and "the tically ail of Western Utah and tive, even. to the casual observer. by theXlme the cimonia as a now eons result and which in of burled valrock the forces, reached the block, U YIIIVTCUl ST. O EX D sllghlly over Into Nevada reached. Throughout THE OG modlf Ica- - layers are seldom highly contorted, ley beneath thousands of feet of . ..From of si is Lake lionne-vlll- e In J. PACK Idaho., of point a structural view, By DR. that followed still further" point but are much more commonly lifted gravel, sand and other sediments, was about equal to that of Lake Tlon took place- Among me m.o- -t by far the, mostIs interesting Huron, into" In another section we have' ob- however, nearly horizontal and covered an area ot appositionswas tne the feature-Icanyon great Ogden portant events first in the form, of In view, the served that the mountains are made overthrust. but in order to understand proximately ro.OOO square miles. And with 'these-pointthe vertebrates, am numvruus reader Is now 'asked to go back' in his exclusively of very ancient i.v ami iit.r OGDEN VALLEY AS A RAY. matter properly we must return many millions of years formaUons, tThls, of course, js 'due this. Republished From a. Bulletin Issued by the University or types. mo some imagination of basic In the to an for instant county the western face Subsequent to of verte- ago. when the area now comprising to the fact that nothing now remains principles of sedimentation and re of theWeber J Utah in Order That Many Weber County Residents mountains formed the Wasatch other 'major in tne the larger parts of the except the very bottom of the rreat lated subjects.- It is not difficult to eastern short of the lake. One exappearance made their, brates country,-wa2 covered by the waters of cruetal block,' out of whlch they have understand that of strata having their ception ts 1 wsa the besutiful bay May Learn Much That They Do Not Know following order, - ampnioiana. horses. a great' ocean. .The reader should been hewn. Tne only relatively young origin in .water, lha older ones sre which reached entirely through Og mammals hirla (including; J About the Place in Which valother familiar think of this, vast body of water as formations in the county are the deposited on the bottom and the den canyon, and spread out In the of tattle, dogs.- bear androan. in been ocmore or existence and shales a having . ones above. From the successively higher up. ley younger standpoint and, nnajiy, forms), over . on the. east since before, the be- curring side of the After have could are and llthlfled beds RMnr has now- proved . - beyond less .continuously these . h harbor, nothing perfect .all, He t per- ginning of life on the earth. been more Ideal. The water In " younger lifted above the surface of the water that this great creative r",,a! -quesUon H Pleistocene some to terms lake should concepin e near the canyon nearly attempt. deposits get can-bwas ..measured hundred feet several forming only their retain thej T iod may original they Oi tion of the vast quantities of sedi- valley floor to the westward . o details The ViUtnrv Inttl&l be mnnrt VfafS. of anif mllllnna to prevent narrow f or tVi, and timy may Inclined, they deep, enough horixontallty descripbrief NOTE The f olio wing ment which the streams had carried of the on In from WORK OGDEN OF of kind the violent storms from of the land from the water, the creation constitute oneeven RIVER, coming depending primarily tion of the outstanding features ofa dividing . faintly into, the sea. during of was - the Even subesst to was-have the been to the the casual at forces which stories outside. to This before with not yet a Then, is observer, time they long fascinating Weber county geology rememshould lie years preceding, human his are aninin' the short water of most the The and vision, of in ordinary practically 2b placid Ogden jected. primitive forms comprehended by technical. or exhaustive, treatise. PUITOSeS OI ber that sunder favorable 'conditions river must have had-acase of Ufa Via1 moria tVi1 plant formations The narrow, extent. the miles in in the hercolanean square Now,, arineiironcp. ttnt - tinf nrt.nnfttel V.' the wilW chief purpose' of its preparation has- trinl - each layer. of sediment contains more tas kin pernot in wide its Weber channel front In the the expanse be- the range be doubtful fact.: investigation of the popentrance, that it cutting the rocky account may comprising present through been to. provide an ' or less life abundant of the hilts uniwooded incline strata, lurxner. samples, to us sun follow it limestones, quartzltes and' gneisses county, the larger, had been able tol mlt yond snd the thickly interest and, at the same time, roll rays of the whlch-waliving at the time the varr which were encountered .along- - its formly toward, essU From this must have contributed to make It one the - ular to educate the DeoDle in the pro lous layers were deposited. And he course. Not infrequently the popu- condition It is easily apparent that the of the most beautiful places of its WEBHl COLNT1. through the dense vapors that are t SENTOI,.IN rocks found meaning of the geology of this should think of himself as standing lar mind: marshals' the aid of hypo- oldest formations should be exposed! day. Weber county of of equal size thought to have enveloped the planet 'The surface country. Few areas wider . more than at, this remote date near the close of thetical! not to enormous streams, with suf at the mouth of Ogden canyon and some When the water was st its highest , for its time after considerable are endowed with belong; essentially variety Cretaceous time, that la, Just before ficient power and energy - six to gouge out! successively younger ones farther to level. large quantities of ' sand and . ages. The front range reologicai of prominent geological r features, formation. me mammals became the dominant claaa, a canyon ht the course of days or the east. (rOITl Tnrioori th vrVinla tan rt thrt.flrt hi f tnnnntln. xtendlniC l gravel were deposited In the base of and if this article, assists the pub- must the and. of course, millions of years prior years, but, necessarily, this is wrong. in the main the canyon, but since the disappearsouthward to. While this .monotonous. Its have Hot principle Utah Springs lic more fully to understand and ap- nnW tllH tunabeen very a rm niia1lA1 nnlv-hvl nuntv. line, is COmDOied Of to ' the creation of man. been holds true, yet when applied to details ance of the lake they have been largeOgden rlrer-hs- s probably. never preciate, these great gifts of nature, f t A harrartn.M Tha'Viuman ana. uam The beds at ly removedmind ir Trotirozolc WASATCH Remnants of these old than at THE BIRTH OF will be achieved. present, It needs modification. appreciably larger our purpose a,- - very , -of cow converted Into consist to furthermore.-Iwltn resistant not has in MOUNTAINS. hard, and, formaUons, however, brian deposits, grfeat the'gaieway perlences difficulty only trying ;T SITUATION: as Just now now above these snd time carved the adorned! area this it Carboniferous of out canyon conglomerates pinkish Cretaceous close of tproDauiy compscted great the country Near quarttlte.is a brown or black sandstones, are still looeely Weber county- is situated in the picture n at varto removover to endless Ogden . its the vitalized but be has assisted it almost eastward, in. in movement Surrounding exists, by 'set aissjppian).'.. north-centrwidespread a, of state Utah, of. the en-- l l.v Vn thi partsection range a front ast as of followed". the side limestone. ious west'blue nnlmala shale of now of and leas mlanfi' mum fifteen not to the than is lover by ing points of along what probably greater part some. 42 miles tlrelv devoid of alt these thlnrs. Yet h pnnrttrv and comprises a J soutneast m an the the thousand- feet of solid rock Then, strangely., the pinkish quartxite the canyon, twenty and it ern North prodigious America, wide t, . 13 miles by.. long all. thla ind mnph m nra txrn thn raM.l f Trt a rv gr'. and that at IDC forces bulged the area upward .from from above the level of the top of again appesra, followed as before by At the Bonneville level a well north-soutIts "total area of valasms limestones. and the is. slowterrace extending along the Our shales almost .maarnlfleent w.araurin msrked tvnrthenat and This statement mountain, and .wnoiiy Observatory peak. ocean's surface 500 square miles is only leva had not r.nm Into xlatnce. but. .TVi at- the west of the beneath the Into are plainly repeti- western face of tho forrnatfoas vallev These should be nnn mean not of mountains. Is now to vast ranges .interpreted one being of more than ly brought slightly reone are a on and was tions of Pleistocene visible one the with the the he was "were that st at at other time mountains isxovered another, plainly mountains. It range country hand, height of about hlzhlv complex per ' cent of that of the entire state.a ' at sult of folding - and 109 feet above the level of the stream masses bv this t ana f menta the younirest in the county. had land, thickness than Ing .Wasatch great range the time higher that this from The term. "Weber" is, taken, ocean basins quite from' ;The Archaeozoic rocks form a large its birth. present .but rather that the eroding brought about by Interne pressure, channel and Just at the mouth cf the same name. western - - The nearby river of the the of those cauof of canyon. It can easily be traced both the the foothills, presentcrowning part proceiees took place- simultaneous principally lateraL,'.few , The reader must sgaln.be i struc- north and south of this point. with the rising. Aside from the of the desolation, however, face of the , arnge extending from tioned to think- of nature feature as larger bringing .Then again, w should not lose tural features to which attention has The territory now comprised within was the total absence, of all plant, North Ogden southward to the mouth EFFECT UPON CIVILI2LTIO.V. her purposes slowly, very slow been the' entire Weber county- figured - conspicuously and animal life. Not the tiniest blade of1 Ogden canyon; beyond which they about of mountainous the fact called, stream the of that hai human At the Provo level, however, by far sight terms in measured If of the Great of grass, or the, smallest- Insect had! widen, out and comprise practically all ly. of the county. Is also Intimately the largest terrace was part earlyia explorations for . upward movement by no means abandoned Its task.-Thln;the 'this conception, almost Ttanln precisely at that timemade its appearance.'. ;, j of the mountain. Including Observa- would probably not be faster than a vast quantities of sediment carried re versed by numerous faults and oth It was here that the lake formed, It situated resurface the Weber river consist cssenuany very small fraction of an inch . per by the. floods of Springtime give am- er disturbances, but the limitation of mained stationary for the longest time. OHIGIX OF ROCKS. ' . peakat; the point where tlon .They Wasatch Into this vast ocean ere at streams of I of what, is Dterographlcnlly termed- year, and even this Is likely too htfh ple proof thst the work of destruc- the present Piper do not permit us to At this elevation. Ogden river trans breaks thorugh the great one of was in this local-a . on estimate. When, therefore. ' the tion is still going on. It is a univer- pursue this matter further. were continuously and. water ofa which therefore, gneisses.-somtheir barrier, . . ported vast quatnlttes of sediments . . . .i . carrying . .f. nresent heijtht.of this, great range is sal fact 'in nature 'that no stream iua.ua oi sana ana mua. ana spreaainsi ltv are pin k ana om?r the first areas accessibleMo the early and deposttel them at the point of its nONNEVIIL.E. LK ' a at the east. It mem mover tne iioor ei tnis us nas bi woric Jl cut be entrance into the lake, in the form of iavea until will the ExLstrstce. ETldTere of explorer fromthe it . I ma y be.laenimea immeaiaieiy pristine Into consideration, -taken Ogden . Lake lionnevtlls coarser materials, were mou tn oi;ugaen canyon ana judi , . present.. site of aown ea. . Involved a. to a typical delta. This delta now com- level Its la in name ine point within country the time the riven approaching that. the intrepid trapper dropped near the shores and the fin-- 1 the point, from which the waters or of the sea-- As a matter of fact. to the body of water that occupied prises that of im f. the bench-lan- d City that Miles from limits the bevond extending " M . Goodyear, er materials were carried out into the I the are ' now are Is near ,.xney and explorer, avenue river 'of to issuing. western the face the Utah probably, working IJgden conce dur Washington larger part m4n ption. A ; at the time aeeper ana quieter waters.. Thus, amon sr. not .only tne oiaest roc made his, headquarters uiue more rapiaiy man u ever aid ing- Pleistocene times. The record of the mountains- time,f Mr. before. In most places the stream eft' by this great inland sea is so year after year and age after age the Utah, but also in the world Weber county owe much to Lake of' the Mormon orimmigration."", slow upward movement traverses claimed, through aepostts or. sands and muds became a most prominent stratum however,atdthishas mature is Bonneville. far the and more Goodyeafowned on If this body of water had almost By that detail of topography, been complete every going began a reported Spanish grant, practically thicker and thicker, and, in course of I on the western face of the range is a or Is in- consequently cspable ot doing the Its history' can be worked out. Even never been In existence, it Is doubt. It ever, unhalted since.. less of white. or all of that portioii "of 'Weber county time, reached hundreds and even thou- - broad, rapid type of work .characteristic of the mort casual observer has been at ful that more than a few acrest land to note that nature seems this terestingoffset Wasatch mountains. sands of feet in depth. It should be pink quartxite,- - Thislayer is of Proterozolc to one development., fin course tracted by the "water marks,! or ter- in the entire county wo aid have been lying west of the was against of stage of time, her agencies have SChis entire tract an in borne in mind was archaic down purchased from with that simultaneous laid and the present Jagged races, now stranded high up. on the suitable for cultivation at least the ' t geological age so anywhere other, 1847, or their accumulation and serrate the. sediments sea contemuoraneous with the anpear- - the will be worn sides of the mountains.. The reader area would have been very small. Al- him some time, in December, counmountains or there is a counterbalancing Orlg-loadown Into 1848, for the sum of S,000. buried beneath tha rounded ance invertebrates. most without exception at the present and of rolling hills. must not confuse this body January, primitive -effect anything in ' practically : CLI3LVTE. . became denser andlinallv. it was a .loose, unconsolidated - teracting and "a level .into time Is with finally ones the gradually every acre of highly productive condition ancient very nearly of plain. This . .'"The climate of Weber county is in denser, and finally were converted in-- 1 sand .which subseauently was trans- that Is attempted. Those who ars 'interested In specu in former sections. From aspoken land has been made such by the waters hand. case In ceolorl at the semi-ariillustrated well d the to solid" 'rock formations. as con- - formed into a sandstone and later Into to the the main 'typical of that ofannual of of For time this cal buildsnclent of island sea. The only lating that I'lelstocene view. length time point as mountain soon the pre- venience in referring to these Darticu-- 1 Its nresent hicrhty crystalline condli Just as e small acreage in the for wtn.be this will was only yesterday, is region. The average even in the task, required exception lifted had comparison processes by jar deposits In later discussions, u tlon. This great quarUltlc layer out ing that at the present rate of with the vast periods which preceded higher parts of, Ogden valleyy All cipitation at Ogden, aas indicated of this treat area from- remember erosion less than forty- hanaath nart observations covering period of many win be well to make note that they crops In Ogden-canyosurface of the North it-- in order to obtain the true "sir of the excellent soils comprising the the. Water. tne aesirucnthe inches. (Precipitation belong to what the geologist calls the rods east of the hot springs, and corn. nwrn. .. is American continent to be nlflcance of the existence ' of Lake vast tracts west of the range were in ye.rs, is 16.02 forth rrrtrAf4 on the Archaeozoic era." T.V.i f wearing- away at the ratethought nrtses the nearly vertical battlements n reaches ita lowest mark during and of about one Bonneville we must first of sll review laid down as sediments in the waters .k. "oril of practically APi'liAKiVXCE OF LIFE i months. of June, July and August, which rise . to a height a few related facts. of Lake Bonneville, and, of course, the - men ln.rour hundred years. i i ocein. ar tf iwiuhu W v .uune same thing is similarly true of the JH t its highest in January, Marchat and j T11E i IUUU9JIIU .sw CCU, BVti:f ii.. GREAT water WASATCH PAUIVT. awav FAST ra rrled CLIMATES OF THE EARTH central by running - stream. The great 'resistance of this Tver ever, that late in somewhat ArchaeoMiy. The mean temperature is maae Location. part of Ogden valley. Without reaay The doctrine has long been held In other frsgments were AS. i h 72.1, .ijiin e inii- II. a ir tv. t r a t nr nne nDn.. rnse ... 111 sh ii and iii'i n area nrnrinsii a rv iuvr. for the summer months the the valleys would have been lake This ana traverses fault OI western the face kv th ironhow-we- of the Wasatch popular discussion that since the time much deeper arid ;f or the .winter months 30.8. The pearance, an dthat the-- ' first forms of narrowing the canyon down at this uw7rd than at preeent, and the ThV mountains of lis the has been earth origin, throughout grad soils more rocky thus far recorded towest 'temperature, ani- - point to a mere gateway, which has T'J"" rather exceiTof than deplants, snd much less fervwild the ineir enters entire lenrtn. th it in consequence. tile. As a forerunner ually cooling off, and, the- nials- No direct evidence, in the form been made passable to vehicles only by I!i,wJ ".filX lA In fl-1- n January. 1890. and Janue. of civilisation a from the at county south, point near that the climates have been ones of Lake Bonneville 1901. of fossils, has as 'yet of blasting out roadways through the nirhest. 104. a very importbecame a and played umta, continues in northwest lower Those ranressradualiy successively temperatures. a mean this primitive plant life, possibly be- - solid buttresses of the great cliffs. If 5 irv ia the coldest month, withnhehotant part. over to direction, the her erly of who were mouth this view natural accepted cause of the fact that .it did not read- - Ogden canyon possessed no other point HOT SPRINGS. temperature 6f 28, and' July ni" itVl InY DFJOSITS. Ogden canyon and' crosses the stream ly enough forced to the conclusion of 78.. ily lend itself to preservation in the of one alone would be suf- this Sourer test, iwith a mean temperature of Ttjcrmal Water. a I beauty, channel few carried rods east of only the of that the future the earth is bound In the mountainous part of the county, r6cks. But a little later than this. It ficient to' Justify pride on the part" of An interesting point In connection rSeL rT tawing rom 01a r consanitarium. ntrs it in up frigidity. Sls?ribu7ed In if however, the precipitation is higher ?. of Utah is that primordial- the people of tinues northward for a distance of five . Geological . .this county. Z P?8it,vely I fTni.' were koyn, have with the hotallsprings vaety investigations arixl the temperature lower. t are xne riumof them axe situated in uamDrian iormaiions aypenrea iar were six great or, practically where of them it miles, coarser. I ot waysrather he cli swings that the difWntot-rvrniproved, however, seasons past four .11 v. bers. These creatures The weather of the. fault planes,- This is true in case .rtT,,,rt than the abruptly to the northwest and leaves mates of the earth have been far from on fers erreatlv. .The winter is character iFifc-.1of belonged- quarUites-- . They consist essentially of the the at Hot Just Utah sDrinra. In county any one particular direc- county. two famous springs In Weber tending ized by I brisk cold days and freezing ""uuj uver iurm oi water- snaies ana limestones. innn iruni ROW-O1 lb PLACE fTH VERTICAL to the contrary, warm tion. Quite of snowfall and Hying life. Thia 4s the era known range they occupy positions near the Zti iaSI nights, an abundance MENT. spring waters cold and climates have alternated with Is The best toof bethermal I skies. cloudless of among geologists as the Proterozolc. a large percentage but because of the mountains. derived Vrean m throw varfrom one of The I,"Ir Waaatch thought fault This one has I crest . the ... long a In . v. another of ana into i combine ..w ,even is variety .i if k.world-widDuring the springtime the weather sourcestwo was beIt mt between ten thou estimated iously formally tlons intensities. In and this con lieved that under e revolution set in fected by the eroding agencies, they u ?0L?lJtZBn c variable, chiefly rainy, interspersed almost sand proper and conditions, forty thousand feet, the for nectlon. ope of the most interesting surface waters d.n with longer periods of warmth and and transformed vast areas of sea- - are much more likely to weather in- - much of Jfnot Si mer probably ntue down more might the percolate ex discoveries being thus is it the far made, nearly v,.r, Tertiary M w .i w brilliant sunshine- - A good many peo- bottom- tntn .ftnttn.nt.i vMwa.a vest JitoMcq, to depths sufficiently great so that kMSM EMIUU1CB SillU t i correct. . r rur Istence of a j lt .ven UCl cwiv to tne .11 mat learn smaller ..imHainr therefore, of away period glactatlon course the reaches were at once subjected to I the more highly reslstln g quartzltes. ot ple think that the county nna e ik. back near the dawn of earth history. the normal temperatures of the earth's t T.niarv droMlti I would characterize it its beauty in the raonths of tne wearing action of streams oth- - In Ogden canyon the Cambri an shales and Interior would sccount for their addpeak'of most sandstones remarkable In faults the of conglomerates, Perhaps not less interesting is the ed r eroding agencies. It would . world, v. .. ..... 1 be im- - occur immediately east of tne cate-May and June. Summer weather is nneciKlo . heat. Evidence, however, has re- ktM. " tk. . warmer . . nuw.. .... a uus i of , Cretaceous seairnenva. lake mriin venicei period Utl times, cently . .. j' unaerue ordinarily hot,- and sometimes sultry, been found which points io ucyir-inounIn aiin Horkv and con the lopogrupuic uiiuiaiciy giveiwayana displacement" Y which of the tem present during vegetstlon with occasional brief showers, but al- -' the length of time during which this sions entering the main Canyon f rom f to the conclusion that surnectlon is the structural difference in pet-altone type flourished well with face waters most always with delightfully cool great area remained a part of the con- - either side. They can also bev seen at cannot descend to great AND elevation between In ntIItEK the rrt . mountains and Arctic the circle. ORIGIN Ot r t .1 the period of har- tinentnl mnaa .ia. nights. Autumn isseems of the abdepths, the to principally west the valley immediately FAULrs CLIMATIC OF PLEISTOCENE TIMES sence of fractures because to have been was an exceedingly long time, mcas- - Just .beyond the shales, limestones, vest, and nature in conthe ward. words.-IIn. still other la under highly the of the Movements . type Then sgain. during Pleistocene weighted rocks situated far below also of ramhrian are. outcron in num- cognizant of this in providing appro-is ured probably in millions of yean actual the amount of in vertical on result greatly inevitably slipping sideration, the climatic were times, The for reasons which we cannot! erous more or less precipitous cliffs. Then, temperatures This surface. seems condition to priate weather. and theprecipitation me involved. rauit had there If bee formations rock plane. the In the main somewhat lower than skies stop to explain, a large part of the Other quartzltes and still other shales straining probability of water descend one part of the mass u rrvnoH.inj consequent rutinr o norms!, frtnerally low, infrequently at least lower than a pres ing'far enough (.ununent was again depressed be- - and limestones can be seen farther up Not temperature Us exhilirating, neatn to as thermal an would the it measure sc than more the valleys, is up rapidly thrust on ent. the other hsnd, preclpl springs. A notable return the surface of the ocean snd, but far from cold. detailed More attention the waters, canyon. tual difference in elevation exception this, in between . .. consequence ... a i flnrf reAadrA .iti De given mera iin tne secuwn tation was somewhat higher. The however, are the hot springs Inof sren iui. win otrain it 'cvcubu GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY. ...il.. ucai- - adjacent part, and, them. quantities of combination local these conditions high of recent volcanic activity. Under sediment from the incoming ing with the origin and structure of f J ew"St fi?t efxi.tre as .Those who are familiar with Now, of course, this enormous dis- precipitation ofand streams. Moreover, by this time ani- - the mountains. temperature- - such conditions high temperatures geography will recall that the area did not take pktce all at resulted not only Inlow them placement the accumulation may exist very close to the surface, contained within the state of Utah is niai me had become exceedingly THE WASATCH MOUNTAINS one the time, but rather Is the aggregate of Urge quantities of perpetual Precisely this thing occurred In and snow of Mountains. divided by a great central highland bounteous, but was still limited to the In consequence, percolating waHistory a of number very of mountains of the Wasatch large . independ- tn the higher latitudes and altitudes, snd. an lower forms, principally Tt Into two nearly equal There is a widespread DonUlar feel case ters to within these may ent displacements. In the main it will but also of the presence of unusually shallow readily reach line of valleys lying Immediately eastern and a western. This high- is thought that primitive .plant life ing to the effect that at some definite the ts It not be to difficult to well some depths. of movethink the various westward. Apparently also abundant, yet practically time in the history of the earth, moun- - to the quantities of water in the understand, therefore, why hot land enters Utah from the north, and was lrgt as ments the followed . w . time considerable l after Tint occurring n suddenly, la A iH general H .1 streams nino' and lakes. Is ...n iorm. xains ana ouirr owiiiiar This it. imiuri piirnthe time are abundant in areas recently springs 4L " iWM, continues in a southerly direction for V " affect.of by iffsrntial long periods Just quiescence. to ss referred i?n-.thathe commonly several hundred miles, here it ter- - Incidentally it Is interesting tot note omena were glacial ed by volcanoes or other forms of suddenly elevated, and "p"",nt In'Ind how a far In. t the to matter rise of apart. time, Ariat rem-ethe before this very sTys period, during which' extensive fields Igneous sctivity. The Tellowstone Naminates abruptly Just the tic iracture date that thev have- remained in much n they were spaced, is, of course, wholly of irora - cs iiiav snow and ice 'covered the greater tional wni sentatives of nil- - O early exicnaing l.V.i....k U izona line Is reached. The Wasatch OIIIV t o ,a. is a good example-Ho- t DdlUC LUllVltlUll Ui park CoUIn south.-tIn the yet., plainly, they must part of the American conjectural, more reachmountains comprise the northern sec- tne animal kingdom had made their I ter of fact, the mountains have been now NeDhl. lrt other cases, as ta Weber continent, have been of more, distance a in the the frequent north, during welt down into the northern sec- county, evidences of recent volcanic tion of this central upland and the appearance, excert only the Trt.I nndarminr continuous modification ston, The period of rapid mountain growth than ing fifty miles. the United States. Olaclers action may be wholly abeent, and tions brates or creatures with haclrhon.) frnm the time that thev first made than oneof hundred high? plateaus the southern section. at times more when the development was of theofAlpine yet blocks rose the two' easterly also present thermal springs are by no means un, Weber county -- is situated in the imGeologists have named this period thel their above surface the appearance less marked. .At. any event, the larger In many of ourtype were to area the than ' immediately rabidly ' snd at and ncean'a mediate course of this dividing line. Cambrian. the waters, larger Lf tU higher known, investigation slong a variety westward, and, therefore, the dif- aiapiecements were in sll probability lies within Thus, the Cambrian sea and Ita nr. I nresent instant are in Drocess of crea the of lines is pointing strongly to the conIrrfact, partg of the county attended disthem In between by elevation ' S marked, ference with-Inearthquake REG area, and part INNING the flat, LAKE DONNEroundings were vastly different t mm I tinn fmt ai really as at any time of OF clusion that most cf such springs have . turbances. and became greater greattheir-origithe mountainous, area to the east- those of former times, particularly thel their- history. Moreover, the future continually VILLE, at very gTeat depths, in RECENT MOVEMENTS. er. The Wasatch range comprises ward. The Wasatch mountains in this Archaeozoir, during, which hoth l nil I will- brinsr about further modlflca the At of this other beginning words, that the water Issuing period Whether the on tbe'Wathe snd blocks two of the the higher sUpplnr Great Salt Lake was probably as from them Is coming to the surface locality, especially when viewed from ana water were devoid of .au animate tions, and as the coming eons of time valleys for fault has on west. a is to censed the it adjacent stircly or even smaller, than at pres the fitat lime, it ia thought to have the west, are 'seen to rise abruptly wniie the Cambrian waters nass bv they will be worn down by- lower one. In other words, therethejtch small tnings, mwwer is to not ouricuit,-IImpossible, - ent, out because of the Increased pre been container within the orlrlnal of an an- were characterized by an abundance the general' weathering process of nafrom the nearly level floor tlcteimine. That mctcrmnt he Ukan extensive iracture piane running vnv a cient lake. The slopes are steep and 01 animai nie. and It is' thought that ture and reduced to level of which the planet was ' plain - rlpttstlon snd reduced evaporation the earth-stuf- f in recent western face range. ylace the . . . geoolglrelatively V. r V.. n along t are h Ar I. T tne and Tat. the lit. land level ff lake were surfaces peaks thereafter-bsharp ana beau precipitous, xormea, nearby immediately nt, tnertrore, known as Js cai .f cer however. matter time, t The average elevation tinea Dy the- presence arid jagged. ran to rise. Slowly, but not always "magmaUc" water. of variety of many .! tainty. hta 'to o r ' ' gtveV ' a which During P1litocene, times, . . " r rollintr ADDalacnlin mountains are of; the mountains "above the valley ealy plants.n iac Urge body of water ecu MetT nearly gradually, it crept higher and higher .rTheee magmalie springs possess a 'ranr . i m.oumaV HOW FOSSILS ARE FOTtMF'.TV rrow rTbut thei remnant of a mlirhty m floor is close to four thousand feet. up on ths slopes of the adjacent hllla number of characteristics which In the whole of western .Utah.' and' into and otner to a string 01 Droia vnnji. have point in the county is ifeThe manner in which thla inpin t ranr. which at jine time, would 'mountains, Occasionally j.the their typical form distinguish them Tqe highest this water enormous quantities of sedi lake 'level MODIFICATION' BY EROSION. has left its histdrv in the. officially rivalled the AIds in Dolnt ' of helsrht Ogden or Observatory, peak, sea carried-frbmovemlong, enough de-to from the ordinary shallow-wate- r therwere ments tho nearby carve from stopped As soon ss the differential level. forms An important Dart-nfeetabove An ancient mountain ents-set the bench line a thasran. nirr1nfM. well One placed at mal, .of these springs. hills. features Movement one In on has .block and taken lo pUcm .began fined terrace, and st other times the as above 'pointed out, is their presThe elevation of Ogden City and the logical record; In many resDectsf for- - ranre which at one time traversed the the other, erosion also, be- the faulfplane in auch s manner as to tipwsrd. entire western part of the county. Is Hier conaitiona were not greatly dif- - country. from near the, present sue or trend was temporsrily. aban- ence In areas where no igneous acits work. Sediments were, carried iracture ana, displace, tno very re- doned and close ito 4.200 feet. icicm. irom wnat tney are at present. I New York City mortheaat tnrougn tne gan'stream the level fell to some for- tivity seems to be present. But mor acllon from the.-- higher cent sediments.. Ne'.erMri'.y. there- mer position. by At almost' precisely the central point Some of the creatures lived in shal-- l New Enghind states, has now been' so block, But In the. main, the decisive, than this is certain aspects fore, faulting has occuned later, than trend .was :upward. deposited on1 the lower one, Pleistocene of ' the county this precipitous range iow water, and some J( in. the .deeo completely levelled down-thaits for in an and Interrupted, of of their chemical composition, partictimes. to the effort seemingly otheru;e equalhte ac- of at Is cut through from east to various by sea, and, undoubtedly, still others in I .can.be- identified, only elevation. course,. by. periods ularly ths excessive presence of charheights be that sge would not affected. The of rest,, the relative But in, spite of ; this ani unusually narrow and picturesque tne streams which entered the ocean, by. the trained expert. of which acteristic alkaline compounds. Jn both length which this rrfannerln reccr.; became mass, tion the higher has uplifted faulting may now 'be determined by the comcanyon.- The canyon is only three '.or As the creatures. die their, bodies set-- 1 AH this, of course", requires vast per s.nd of these respects the thermal' springs lake the of tedl merits can displaced time, higher, and, In course, four miles long, and then opens out uea aown upon .the ocean floor .. in lods of 'time, but it is none the less towered terr'slxe the or ot Weber county give evidence of rcuitsnt parative seen be. hills on'the Just block of above south Ogthe far valleyto den canyon and ; ; . to'the eastward into the nearly circu- much the same, place where they, had II true that every range in the country the westward. aces.-, . . . origin. magmatlc Immediately at the de- them were has-- nerlod of birth, rrowth-anwill be recalled that In a former laf Ogden valley, which in point formerly lived. Some Finally." the .water surface reached It . was the work ot face of the mountains, . If the reader of course, This,; rival others of shlftedr about by the action-othel fcllne. Just, as much so as human be- ages, and in the meantime,' the Wa will take, the trouble . tc. climb . the A height . almost precisely beauty might easily 'feet . section ' the statement via midi' to waves and broken into fragments, lrirs themselves.' is above If level the of Alpine fame- their Sal t thp effect that the great Waeatch Great present history lo south Incised from wembankment, From a topographic .point of view. large and small, while-otherand , in I uninterrupted, the ordinary weather- - satch .block, had, been. a much piaae passes me mouth of Ogden fault then"Itharted Lake, for cancan ".read cansanitarium see he. a transverse to Ily end. ' porcan perhaps best more' protected places. were left will eventually carry end, and the therefore, ' time arencles than had it then trends yon longer north and atd northpreviously tion of modias it .the fault "escarpment valleys had been be thought of as consisting 0f two tact. Meantime the p.nnf!n'imn.iv tnl them hack' to near sea level. These yons, the lower levels. Here westward , to the Utah Hot Springs, across the- - foothills to. the done at any of the extends within fied 'the i 'deposition through so' sediments were are slow rather dissimilar units, separated by coming that constructed' it. rreat terrace now Now, this fault is situated 'about too processes buryr slowly degrading i Is vr tnousands-o, or . rvri'iiirmasiniri r. here feet . ofsedi southward. Ths throw about termed the . VBonnevllle,. them .1n 11u uanaam: is ar; 111a ';,7' - - 0 Yhr v mv iiveaLi 11 r ex.11 the narrow front range of the.Wa -ins? which in to 1.000 feet west of the inn iiiai , . at , ; -.. . ,. Y7T: carrlea by .streams .from the six to ten feet: ,. ment, Batch' mountains. The half to the east load. Rraitoiiv o. i of Is the highest' of the mouth of the canyon, springs ieltvaUon point and the ' Evidences , of near-bbeen very slight' disturb- aIL - Then the. lake .level rose a. few water, hare issues from & canybns. If there had ward is entirely surrounded by moun- the sediments and the hurtle parts of mountains have always' been in their ances on this fault plane have been parallel or " ' . ran over I present condition, and that 1 " win tains, and made, up chiefly of undu me creatures : were the water snd transformed into ,T. But in fault. they the caee sympathetic the detected '.at within Position by the - . seismograph ',.,the .valleys." neither numerous solid rock ever remain so. The truth is that through which of the Utah Hot Fprings. which are lating hills,, . xirsi University of Utah, at various times .the rim of the basin. me nor , Ior aJter xreciure in . In flow to radial so directions streams this immediate connection t oeriod of observation is brief made its . situated at the boundary line between since Its . installation . some thirteen the yvasatch appearance, so slow we and'- the ward the narrow outlet, which car- further to thati destruction note" that Weber and Box Elder counties, the the interesting . . In . and For . . . . the .. . at . first' time . M .Its a atenrt now hn ohfy ' m nfi I r i mountains . n n r . nnr aniH n r i n. . tv years ago. Only very few, however, vaii of Ogden river west , t calui r w iiirn w.ra T n rna ries the waters j - - mil water Issues from the great Wasatch rn,4.. sea v the inland x 'great possessed fault to the prodigious height of the' earth tremors which have been history ward; to the larger and more .open the sediments were representative of tlons which - nature . is continuously over an The barrier plane itself. . . outlet." which the w recent within . I uwn inmu u,,ur;tten experienced years have stream wnrWtnr.. v valley below. , Immediately west of tne animal life nf.a that 1qv. US, rK. From, the standpoint of natural reconsisted arisen' from . this source, the major, of loose . unconsolidated . i largely source, thene i c" the range the county, is almost a per more, anv rhani-- - in tha ' ni" Picnmna .vast apricge' are of great bavtng-eom. of and. e materials, .them For reasons ifrora of various course. lty the In conseqoence, was this, feet plain, here and there gashed by themselves, or th- addition-- f n. - U Thna- in' order to romnrohand thai to the worth of Weber county. people cut df out quickly, the Great Basin and nn which nature would, be impossible. In the. first block ranges stream channels, and all sloping rent- - forms, - from anv conrre nrha tart.tr..- itiinandnui of flow The water from the one at of the this waters. even by from "distances. me giant farther .. spillway. sxcn I im erodlnr in ahnnt ai. . mimsui .. ha human y to Great Salt Lake, some ten miles would-1 ' hrinn of . I flea Wnillll ... . . As . M . . mantr.at . incision . . canyon can be Ogden I the a lake grew m 'the nava. STRUCTURE tanrl -.OF THE RANGE. deeper, lowered-Finally- further Increased ---nat turu .sntaaaur oeing-Du- iit up- onioeing is unaer tne necessity, not oniyir - Was , Ly level proper tunneliof to Dtsturbancxj two and 5 are ineo.ual streams the'floor-oMrata, travers JThere Umel of expanding, his conception' of time. ocean. ub the heights, as large f' When ngof ogden come the a C0 of some at distance people been feet has It already pointed out that below-it- s case, .me. sneer weignt nr the couhty. First, in Point of size passed, .and new forms of. life i were I but also of to appreciate more fully the acquainted with I of" such secona real value the highest" terrace, With a In mass their Is jWeber river, "which enters from the aaaea to tne ones already, in existence, I the profoundbecoming would tremendous contempbrsneous growth to the effect that truth moat wonderful of their res water canyon encountered , hard the the Wasatch mountains southeast. It rises far up on, the or, perhaps took-the-op- - all. probability prohibit it from being near-b- y place of dlsap-- l- seemingly trivial processes-whewill be maie to hot siIL and the springs sistant of to - These lowering intense lateral , 'the raised. pressuresnorth slopes of the Uinta mountains pearing ones, the record was corre- eratlng over unlimited periods, can contribute no small part to its attracquickly" halted. TRUNCATED' EARTH BLOCK. pressures not only tilted the beds in- lake levelthe. tn ore. than a hundred miles away. Og- - 8pondingly-altered- . i no matter how i accomplish any task, lake remsdned There for aIong tiveness. inclined peltl one but in deiwriver has its head in Ogden valley, It is clear, therefore, that the The human mind.- with its w In its true, relationship, .therefore. to highly even time much, than at the , ogden longer arched them into k at the supply. a westerly direction sils contained within a rock forma-- 1 limited vision of time, has ever been mu1 asatch range places folds Bonneville level gigantic end, flows innarrow and CompcwtfUon-There the terrace is Quantity fojr many miles across, and measuringcases the. gap- and out onto tlon, constitute a reliable Index as to I Drone to demand that at aoma nertod simply the truncsted base , of a In through is no rT. In Is times This the probably many the large city beds other were the ran tie beautiearth the 'open plain, where it unites with the types of life in' existence at thel or other, nature proceeded with rapid block, with, all. oCthe ao called becauss of world more generously supplied with "Provo" terrace, and conJ strides In her work of .otherwise fully plicated." ten formaUons the Weber river less thantime "rher.and miles sediments were the younger ' creation. The Tied- deposited. its enormous development near the an abundapce of excellent water than . before their combined - waters empty away, and- - only the older oaA torted. nut thii GEOTiOICAT, TT T CTO ItY. v I record, however. dni The upper resi- Ogden.' ruring Its early history,-thThs even attention of city of Jhat name. , the casual dence into Great Salt Lake. The city of .The geology of 'Weber county is conclusion, but, quite to the contrary, remaining at the base. The canyons of. on ths city obtained Its supply from nearby section Ogden is also as channels eaten observer is attracted by the wonderful same Ogden is situated just above the junc well represented by trocks which had furnishes evidence of slow, painstaking mu,t be thought of ' T mountain streams, but in later yean v terrsce. downward-dissectinmanner. in g two ont the by tion ot ;these streams, and not their origin far back toward the effort, extending ove ralmost endless quartxite It has developed a magnificent artescourse time of climatic In conditions more than two miles west of the tow- - dawn of earth rhistoTy, both before periods. Consequently, the student of teams. Not only the canyons, as we strata have been disturbed at the gate- beran their return source near the lower end cf Ogian toward those charof see now worn way At this canyon. out and immediately after the appearance science finds himself under the neces'Ogden them, have been point acteristic of" ths ' den SLnd vallty. The volume seems to be , i ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY. slowly of the earliest life forms. Because of attempting' to comprehend the by the. slow and .incessant action of the formations have'beeh;so highly ths lake level fell. prent, without limit, and the this practically time, however, tilted cow on treams tne that stand but in most contained within or this condition,, we. have dealt at sity from From of nature Vs extending over they places nearly operation be excelled. It is cold, cannot because riuallty of .excessive evaporaend.chiefly to the. east at an tion.' the rocks of the Wasatch mountains some length with the agencies which thousands and even millions of years, ten dipping toward, twenty thousand feet, of solid and ens clear, halt 7 e teen .had After. atsoluttJy free from con major, close to to. read the stoyr of a brought these archaic, formations, in-- ESTTlBILITr .degrees. The same made at weare, able sea OF EARTH'S CRUST. rck; formation have been removed angle tamlnaUon. sevthe and level, Geological Is Etansbury . sort structure of to continuous from thet tops of even the highest that occupied not only Then 'again, somewhat' contrary-texistence, and . of the manner in very ancient at other points, ths warrant the conclusion thatronjltior.8 the supof the eral minor ones various life forms were popular. conception, the surface of the peaks- throughout"the" greater the country in the immediate vicinity which part can be near to Increased ' lake returned as ocit ply almost slxe. -spresent v in With sec we canyon. are these facta before ua, them. On the other hand, earth is by no means of Weber county but .very large preserved Even - The outleb of the casion tnsy demand. An analysis. was lake. formed LOCAL CONTORTION. turn-ounow tio'n of the entire : state. This an the county is but poorly represented at 'the present time stationary. to Immediate the prepared purt of the manner at . the extreme .north end of Cache cieot ocean .came into,. existence .far ! by.most jof...ihe. younger- - formation - of our continental areas la larger that section. of the.Wa- - ,i A beautiful example attentlonlo underroinr (Continue! on Following Fsge) , passes through In which the fermationa have here valley snd immediately at the point bacjt .toward the early: da wn, of earth hence we, shall ;feer.Justified in "ruja- either elevation or depression. The natch mountains which ' - e . " RESOURCES - - OF WEBE vGOUNTY:;-- at tne-gre- p: " p" down-throw- . - - , appru - n s t" up-almos- -- ns sub-divisio- inter-mounta- in - s rtj"". 'to-th- - Tertiary-c- - onglomerates - , Jk - rnt . ? W . the.-mtlllci- s - -- , s - ; v - m t. lhanrn - . - . H . - val-varlet- al - east-wes- I h. -- -- i I one-hal- f.' - I seai-chracteriz- ed -- over-thru- . " st ', . - EARIiY-HISTORY- -- - - - : e , : - . 1 1 e . 1 1 irj. I 1 hot-spring-s i. " - n-etaceo- I well-defin- ed -- -- that-almos- - ever-increasi- d. ng of-wate- r . . j mnt I n . I TJK71"7,:ilkVm -- V Og--3- L ft I VP A. TSTT V tn v . i 4 i on-July.7, -- oca-aumw- a 1 am i vf. I i 1 - i re been-found- f?"?",' -- 1 w . m .u.? ic 0lSm:trhrn .J, oan m h... v. - . -- I n ... J ( I - og 1IYl!c: nit?S 1 TV ever-increasl- 1 o tn. -- cons-quenc- - ueiu,ni very-strongl- e I 1 t ne-gats-a- . s Q IS 1 J'.flJ. sub-divisio- ns, sea-llvin- tr. i -- 1 . 11 ,rt -l I V A4TV - . -- can-yon- s- low-lyin- n - -- I - t 1 1 of-thi- s I I e ... '" I -- - " -- r-u- - ' -- f rise-abov- e -- . th'lde t - n mer-positio- , - , t 'of , a 10 -- f - . . of-the'o- ld' s; the-count- y ln-ll- by-gre- - nr i;z i ... -- w ' m .i-- a aa. m. en et -- . ; -- a fav -- -- 1 y. - feet-high- er - -- -- i 1 . I I . I mm : - ; rr.n. . - anl' I - -- ir-oT- i(t Tim-OUTLE- . - ; " ttot - - v!,y was-flowin- - g . - P'", - sver-preie- nt the-mout- vw.r-m- l h .- f . out-washi- ng --Were-subjected n - " fos-llarg- crrr water - e. - . 1 -- -- h. .car-LATE- -- . ...... R" . -- . which-the-gre- - -- at " - -- the-record- s , o - -- -- -- ..... - r X L ny y |
