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Show O Hilltop Times September 4. 2003 Hunger Prevention SttaurndlnirDg ttaDD Emergency Aid oaoir iresoDve: ion Disasser Eeaef Medical Assistance to relieve the bruised and burdened, J- 3 I M . the hungry and homeless. Third-Worl- d ' hi- - Development Educational Resources . .... fcfc Temporary Brig. Gen. Frank M. Andrews, foreground, and members of his staff watch an aerial review on the flightline at Langley Field, Va., on March 6, 1935, to commemorate activating General Headquarters Air Force, the Army's new combat air command. The command consolidated control over all Army air combat units by a single air officer. Andrews helped change corps to Air Forces air forces with by Bill Orndorff Hilltop Times editor Frank Maxwell Andrews played a major role building the small Army Air Corps of the 1930s into the powerful Army Air Forces of World War II. Further, he became one of the key military commanders in the United States' armed forces. Born in Nashville, Tenn., on Feb. 3, 1884, Andrews entered the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in July 1902. After graduating four years later, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the cavalry. Andrews remained in the cavalry for 1 1 years, serving in Virginia, Texas, Vermont and Hawaii, as well as in the Philippines, and at Fort Yellowstone, Wyo., and Fort Huachuca, Ariz. When the United States entered World War I in in 1917, Andrews thought j his cavalry unit wouldn't be sent overseas, so he transferred to the Army Signal Corps' Aviation Section. After a short time in the Aviation Section's Washington, D.C., office, Andrews went to Rockwell Field, Calif., in 1918 and earned his aviator wings at age 34. Ironically, Andrews never went bverseas during the war. Instead, he commanded various airfields around the United States and served in the war plans division of the Army General Staff in Washington, D.C. Following the war, he replaced Brig. Gen. William as the air officer assigned to the Army of Occupation in Germany. After returning to the exercises and record-settin-g pioneer flights in the United States and Latin America. e A vocal proponent of the heavy e bomber, Andrews advocated buying the 7 in large numbers. The Army General Staff disagreed with Andrews, believing e it better to buy a large number of light and medium bombers like the Douglas e 8 than a small number of heavy bombers. However, the war in Europe soon proved Andrews correct. His tour as the GHQ Air Force commander ended in 1939, and he reverted to his permanent rank of colonel. The Army assigned him to the same position to which Mitchell had been sent after vigorously advocating the importance of air power. To many, it appeared that the Army was punishing Andrews for advocating the However, after less than four months, combat-typ- e four-engin- four-engin- B-1- Over 87 million pounds of food, medicine and other relief supplies were delivered to those in need in FY 2002, and over 484,450 meals were supplemented everyday. If Feed the children ftcfeedthechildren.org Thank you for again checking 2052. P.O. Box 36 Oklahoma City, OK 73101-003- 6 405.942.0228 www.feedthechildren.org twin-engin- B-1- four-engin- Centennial of Flight B-1- 7. the Army reassigned Andrews as Assistant Chief of Staff for Opera-tion- s with the rank of brigadier general. , "'ill '"tf ell "Billy-Mitch- In 1941, Andrews became commander of the Caribbean Defense Command, which had the critically important duty of defending the southern approaches to the United States including the vital Panama Canal. In 1942, Andrews went to North Africa, where as commander of all United States' forces in the Middle East, he helped to defeat Rommel's Afrika Korps. In February 1943, Andrews, now promoted to lieutenant general, became the commander of all United L United States, Andrews LI States forces in the Eurocommanded Kelly Field, Newly appointed as a temporary pean Theater of Operations. general, Frank M. Andrews In his memoirs, Gen Henry Texas, and was the first brigadierin front of a Martin stands bomber. commandant of the advanced H. "Hap" Arnold, commander flying school established there. In 1928, he of the Army Air Forces in World War If, expressed attended the Air Corps Tactical School at Lan- the belief that Andrews would have been given gley Field, Va., and the following year he went the command of the Allied invasion of Europe-th- e to the Army Command and General School at position that eventually went to Gen Dwight Fort Leavenworth, Kan. Promoted to lieutenant D. Eisenhower. colonel, Andrews served as the chief of the However, on May 3, 1943, the 4 carrying B-- "I won the battle over ATM fees with a USAA checking account." Checking. Take USAA's e checking account with wherever you go. It makes banking easier, and saves you money. you, Your first 10 ATM withdrawals each month are free, and you get a refund on fees other banks charge to use their ATMs up to $15 for domestic ATM surcharges you incur every month. There's no monthly service charge or minimum balance requirement. You can even write an unlimited number of checks. Plus, by maintaining an average daily balance of $1,000 or more, you'll earn interest on your account. Whether you're enlisted, or an officer, on active duty or in the e Reserves or National Guard, USAA Federal Savings Bank's n account. checking is a No-Fe- e no-fe- - no-fe- win-wi- Call us at or visit us at usaa.com and enter keycode b3a004 B-2- Army Air Corps' Training and Operations Division for a year before taking command of the 1st Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field, Mich. After graduation from the Army War College in 1933, Andrews returned to the General Staff in 1934. In March 1935, Andrews took command of the newly formed General Headquarters Air Force. That action centralized for the first time nationwide command over all Army Air Corps combat units under a single air officer. GHQ Air Force was the first decisive step on the road to the separate postwar Air Force. The confusing name of the new air combat command stemmed from the fact that it was projected to come under a wartime Army General Headquarters (GHQ), but in peacetime was directly under the Army Chief of Staff, since there was no GHQ in peacetime. By design of the General Staff, GHQ Air Force, which was comparable in status to the War Department's four Field Armies, was independent of the Chief of the Air Corps, who continued to handle aviation support functions. The Army promoted Andrews to brigadier general (temporary) and to major general (temporary) less than a year later. Under his command, GHQ Air Force started developing air power that became the U.S. Army Air Force. He sharpened the operational readiness of the Andrews on an inspection tour crashed while attempting to land at the Royal Air Force base at Kaldadarnes, Iceland. Andrews, 59, and 13 others died in the crash, and only the tail gunner survived. In his 25 years of service in the Air Arm he retained the highest respect of his fellow officers in all the Services while he stimulated great advances in organization, doctrine and weapon systems. As commander of GHQ Air Force for four years he did much to shape today's Air Force. Andrews was awarded an Oak Leaf cluster for his Distinguished Service Medal, posthumously, in July 1943, with the citation: "As Commanding General of the European Theater of Operations, General Andrews successfully met and solved many complex problems. His calm judgment, courage, resourcefulness and superior leadership have been an inspiration to the Armed Forces and of great value to his country." In 1945, Camp Springs Army Airfield, Md., nine miles outside of Washington, D.C, was named Andrews Field in his honor. On March 31, 1949, it became Andrews AFB, "gateway to the capital" for presidents and foreign leaders. Information compiled from the U.S. Air Force Museum, Arlington National Cemetery, and U.S. Air Force Centennial of Flight Web sites. 5 USAA We know what INSURANCE BANKING it means to serve. INVESTMENTS MEMBER SERVICES means United Services Automobile Association and its subsidiaries and affiliates. d and an 'Banking services are provided by USAA Federal Savings Bank. Equal Housing Lender. There is no charge for the first 10 domestic ATM withdrawals per ATMs. from Additional withdrawals are S1.00 each. monthly statement cycle 2003 USAA. All rights reserved. USAA "eVpIB A2897-070- 3 AVWIONTRIVIA Question: What 1913 invention by K.M. Turner made conversation possible between pilots and passengers during flight? Bring your answer to the Hill Aerospace Museum's visitors' desk. Those with the correct answer receive a collector's set of Centennial of Flight trading cards from the Air Force History and Museum Program. The answer and a new question will be published next week. Answer to last week's question: In January 1914, Anthony Jannus, operated the first airline between St Petersburg and Tampa, Fla., a distance of 22 miles. For the great outdoors! Equipment Checkout, Bldg. 524. For more information call Ext. 7-22- 25. -- |