OCR Text |
Show . THE LEIII SUN, LEIII. UTAH ijkpwhi,! null iniMwumw i n. m muuv..i mw . i issssajtij'Wss'fW J'wy & ""1 I Radar Saved Britain-Will Britain-Will Remodellndusfry Electronics Proves of Great Value to American Amer-ican Air and Naval Forces During Present War. By BAUKIIAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. WSV Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. (This It the first of too article! by Mr. Baukhage revealing tome of the remarkable achievements of radar and explaining how it operates.) Little by little the world is learning learn-ing more of the secrets hidden in that magic, five-letter word which, spelled backward or forward, means the same thing, but whose real meaning is still a mystery. I mean B-A-D-A-R. I have written It down that way because Its derivation is one mystery mys-tery that we can reveal Before it went Into "classification," which Is what they say in the army when they mean something can't be mentioned men-tioned in public, radar was an important im-portant but little known, copyrighted, copy-righted, commercial label It Is really four words in one: Radio Direction and Ranging. Early In the war there were some stories printed about a German airplane air-plane which had a television camera In it which could send back pictures of the territory beneath it Shortly thereafter all mention of such an apparatus stopped and the dark Ind mysterious career of radar began. be-gan. Radar and television are not the same thing, but there are similarities simi-larities and if we can believe that actors in a studio In the RCA building build-ing in New York can be seen out In Westchester county by people sitting sit-ting around a television set, we can believe that another little gadget can register the presence and location loca-tion of a distant object (like a plane or a warship) and, if it is moving, tell which way it is going and how fast Radar Will Soon Be Industries' Marvel As I said, we knew the Germans had been working on such a device early in the war. This is how radar was born In this country: Back in 1932 two scientists observed ob-served that something happened to a radio wave when it hit the wide side of a building and also when a ship went across its path. Research continued, but the war sent radar Into hiding. On November 14, 1942, a Jap battleship slipping through the sea near the Solomon islands was suddenly struck by a salvo of shots from an American ship eight miles away. The Japs went down to Davy Jones' locker without knowing what hit them. They never saw the American ship which fired the shots. Nor did the Americans ever see the Japanese warship except as it appeared as a Radar Finds Military Targets. little "blip" ot light on a tiny screen. Radar did it On a winter day, I sat in a room at the Willard hotel in Washington. London was trembling under the terror of night bombing. Sitting at a table before us was an officer of the Royal air force. After a few gen eral remarks, be made what was to us an astounding statement; name ly, that defense against daytime bombing had been perfected and a method of ending the effectiveness of night attack would soon be in operation. The tide had been turned in the battle of Britain and, though we didn't know it then, radar had done that, too. Between these two events was an other one we don't like to talk too much about. Over in the Hawaiian islands on December 7, 1941, Pvt Joseph Lockard, though not sup posed to be on duty at the time, was listening to a ' detector," an apparatus which strangers weren't allowed to approach in those days, Lockard "detected" an airplane BARBS Ad in personal column "Literate lass looks for laughter in letters." Then don't open your mail, lassie, on the first of the month. A French paper says that French girls don't like the G.I. brand of love-making. However, there is a considerable shortage on the home-front home-front and the product still has a good potential domestic market r tf"Y"m"fl"'f',nft"ma i f ! about 30 miles away. He reported It to his superior, but that gentleman, gentle-man, knowing American planes were out at the time, took no action. Lockard was eventually given the Distinguished Service medal. The rest we had better try to forget while we still must "remember Pearl Harbor." Human service failed to carry the message that the Jap air fleet was coming, but radar had done its part of the job. Radar has grown to be a giant since then. This is what "Impact," an official publication of the assistant assist-ant chief of air staff (intelligence) says: "The use of radar In military op erations is In Its Infancy, but it has permeated every phase of air warfare. war-fare. It is used in strategic bombing bomb-ing by both British and American heavies. It makes night fighting and Intruder operations possible. It literally liter-ally saved England in the battle of Britain. And it provided for the control and direction of virtually every ev-ery day or night sortie flown by the TACs (tactical air force planes) during the winter (of 1944-45)." The importance of the part which the American tactical air forces played from the battle of Normandy right up to V-E Day is acknowledged acknowl-edged by everyone, though there may be differences of opinion as to the relative achievements of the various branches of the service. (Tactical bombing and strafing is that part of air force activity which is an integral portion of the individual individ-ual land force operations, as much a part of the battle plan and its execution as the disposition of artillery. ar-tillery. Strategic bombing is the "softening up," the long range air atticks.) And radar was a vital part of the success of the tactical operations in Europe from D-Day on because of its help in getting a fighter-bomber to its target and getting it home again in weather which is too bad for normal operations. It controlled night fighters, photo and mapping planes, picked out targets tar-gets and kept track of enemy planes in the area. To quote an official comment: On the western front, despite constant overcast conditions during dur-ing the last winter, the IX, XIX and XXIX TACs were able to operate at maximum strength continually. On the other hand, the 1st Tactical air force, which was without radar equipment last November, flew only two missions that month, one of these, abortive because of the weather." As to the long-range, strategic bomber, which has to cross half a continent to get where it is going, if bad weather envelopes it, radar is, of course, invaluable for keeping its location. Radar is also an inte gral part of the flre-controL Commercial Aviation Will Profit Greatly Speculation as to radar's ultimate, possibilities are unlimited, both in war and peace. Any ordnance expert ex-pert will tell you that a "controlled missile" that is, a bomb, such as the deadly German "V" bombs, which flew from Holland to England Eng-land .can, with certain improvements, improve-ments, be made much more deadly. Not only can they be made to fly much farther across the Atlantic, over the North Pole but they can be accurately aimed and directed di-rected at an area such as a city and ruthlessly destroy it Radar can do that and many other things it has not yet attempted. There are, likewise, like-wise, an infinite number of ways in which radar can and will serve a peaceful world. In commercial aviation, the man In the control tower, the traffic cop at the airport will be able to locate lo-cate all of the planes in the vicinity by day or by night, in cloudy weather weath-er and clear. And it must be remembered re-membered that regulating the traffic traf-fic is going to be one of the mosl important problems of tomorrow's skyways, for there will be a tremendous tre-mendous increase In the number oi plaaes which will be in use and a similar increase in their speed and size. Radar can warn the planes themselves them-selves against collision and the presence pres-ence of land masses, high tension wires, tall buildings or other obstacles ob-stacles to their flight And, ol course, will permit safe landing even In a dense fog. by Baukhage Remember way back when aboui the only thing a soy bean was good for was to provide sauce for chof suey? a The Metropolitan Life Insurance company has discovered that divorced di-vorced and widowed persons can gel a new mate more easily than spinsters spin-sters and bachelors can get their first mate. WEEKLY NEWS Jap War at P re-invasion Stage; Senate Acts on Global Pacts As Big Three Map Postwar World i Released by Western lcniTnP'1 UATIIl ll'Kon Anlnlon mrm infiii.J In !). unllimn. thet ar( thOS Ot Western Newspaper Union's news analysts 4 ? if -4 I oil :j With block upon block of their once proud city In ruin, German women Join men in clearing debris from Berlin. PACIFIC: New Stage As U. S. warships prowled along the Japanese coastline to lob 2,700 pound shells into industrial installations installa-tions on shore, and British carrier units joined up with the Americans to send naval planes against the enemy homeland, Adm. Chester Nimitz declared that the Allied attacks at-tacks opened the pre-invasion stage of the Pacific war. Tightening of the blockade around the Nipponese islands to prevent receipt re-ceipt of raw material from outlying territories, and destruction of industrial in-dustrial facilities for producing military mili-tary goods, are the objectives of the new phase of operations, Nimitz said. Recounting an old proverb that the lifeblood of Japan is the water of the sea, Nimitz stated that the Allies were working to control that lifeblood. Appearance of the British units heightened the tempo of the attacks on Japan proper, with one of their carriers, one battleship, two cruisers cruis-ers and five destroyers announced in action, and indications that others were participating. As the U. S. and British carrier planes conducted pin-point sweeps over Nippon, shipping ship-ping and ferry facilities linking the coal producing island of Hokkaido with Honshu were hammered by American naval batteries and steel mills on Honshu were heavily hit GLOBAL PACTS: Senate Acts Even while President Truman conferred with Prime Minister Churchill and Marshal Stalin at the historic meeting In Berlin, the sen ate acted on vital measures de signed to assure the security of the new world and also to establish a strong economic foundation. Foremost, of course, was the Unit ed Nations security charter, drawn up by 800 delegates from 50 coun tries at the palatial San Francis co opera house. Less popular in ap peal, but equally important in scope. were the Bretton Woods monetary agreements rreating resources for trade and reconstruction, and the increase in lending powers of the Export-Import bank to stimulate commerce before the Bretton Woods pacts can le implemented. Overwhelmingly approved by the senate foreign relations committee after five days of public hearings, the security charter was sent to the upper chamber for ratification with the committee's declaration that though the new organization cannot prevent war, it will develop the basis ba-sis for international collaboration necessary for peaceful settlement of disputes. Previously passed by the house without major opposition, the Bretton Bret-ton Woods monetary agreements ran into in-to stiff opposition in the senate, with Taft (Rep.. Ohio) leading the fight. With the U. S. scheduled to contribute con-tribute $3,175,000.-000 $3,175,000.-000 to the $9,100,-000,000 $9,100,-000,000 bank for reconstruction, re-construction, and $2,750,000,000 to the $8,800,000,000 fund to provide foreign Sen. Taft currency at fair rates, Taft sought amendments to the agreements which would assure the responsibility responsibil-ity of the borrowers. Under provisions of the Bretton Woods agreements, the bank would loan money directly to borrowers or guarantee loans by private interests, BRAZIL: Brazil's recent regrouping of her states and territories into five new regional combinations .directs attention at-tention to the outstanding bigness of this "good neighbor" to the south. Largest republic - in the Western hemisphere, the United States of Brazil spreads over more than 3,275,000 square miles, nearly half the area of all South America. It would overlap the North American Republic of the United States with almost enough land to spare to make another Texas. I' ANALYSIS. Newspaper Union.' and not necessarily of this newspaper. ) minim ijymsiiji;ii ''"" 1- Si while the fund would make foreign currency available at fair rates to countries for purchasing goods and services or evening up their trade balance. Approved by a 102 to 6 vote in the house as a measure for increas ing American foreign trade and initiating ini-tiating world reconstruction before implementation of the Bretton Woods monetary agreements, the bill increasing the lending power of the Export-Import bank from $700, 000,000 to $3,500,000,000 also came under fire in the senate. Again Taft led the fight on the floor, demanding to know whether the bill cloaked a 1 billion dollar commitment to Rus sia. Created in 1934, the Export Im port bank finances U. S. sales and purchases of goods abroad. In the meantime, the Big Three conference continued apace in the ex-Kaiser's palace - near Berlin, with Secretary of State Byrnes, Chief of Staff Marshall, Mar-shall, Naval Chief King, Air Chief Arnold, Secretary of War Stimson, Maritime Commissioner Commission-er Land and Admiral Leahy assisting President Truman in the political and military discussions. dis-cussions. Though the three big Allied Chief tains discussed preliminaries for a future peace conference to establish the map of postwar Europe, and also pondered the peace treaty for Ger many, principal interest centered on the consideration of the war in the Pacific and Russia's possible role. While it was commonly reported that Stalin had brought Japanese terms to the conference, reliable American sources declared that President Truman presented U. S. conditions for surrender, drawn up by the state, war and navy depart ments, i According to the report, U. S. terms include surrender of all air, naval and military equipment; dis- bandment of Japanese forces; evacuation of Manchuria, Korea and Formosa and other territory outside the enemy home islands; abolition of all war factories; supervision over ship building, industry . and port facilities, and prosecution of all war criminals. Implication of the terms was that an Allied occupation force would be necessary to carry out the fulfillment of the conditions and prevent the re- establishment of the influence of the Japanese military officials in the government GRAIN TRADE: Probe Tie-Ins With corn supplies remaining tight OPA made its first big move against alleged irregularities in the grain trade by announcing an inves tigation of dealers' reported praa tices of tying-in sales of corn with more plentiful field crops. unaer sucn dealings, it was charged, corn is offered with the understanding that barley and other grains will be taken above market prices. At the same time, OPA re vealed it would look into reports that interests performing no mar keting function were marking up corn prices over ceilings. Announcement of OPA action came as traders predicted little corn would be available for deliv ery on July contracts and market ings were below requirements of wet processors. Along with corn, rye stocks tightened, the visible supply in the U. S. declining to 5,000.000 bushels in mid-July compared to 19,000,000 a year ago. Navy Fares Well Stateside rationing to the contrary, con-trary, there's enough food aboard a typical aircraft carrier car-rier in the Pacific to furnish personnel per-sonnel with a full ration three times a day for 90 days. One hundred fifty-three items, ranging from 40,000 pounds of potatoes to 39 ounces of maple syrup flavoring, fill huge refrigerators. I . : 7 S : if.' & i ' k v. -a jit- , A lis ' iA RAIL RATES: Protest Revision Declaring that the Interstate Com merce Commission's order increas ing railroad class freight rates 10 per cent in the East and reducing them a like amount in . the South and West was unsupported by evi dence that previous tariffs were un equal and unlawful, 10 northeastern states petitioned the ICC to recon sider its action. Applying only to so-called class rates on articles on which volume is not sufficient to command a commodity com-modity tariff, the new rates effec tive August 30 are designed to eliminate freight differences working work-ing to the advantage of the highly Industrialized East Only 10 per cent of all freight moves under class rates, however, and southern interests inter-ests seeking parity declare that the ICC's action is but the first step In an equalization program. While the 10 northeastern states fought the revision of class rates, five southwestern states declared it would result in 'non-discriminatory, non-preferential and non-prejudi cial" tariffs. The states requested minor alterations to the order. REDEPLOYMENT : New Workers In Berlin for the Big Three conference. con-ference. Pres. Harry S. Truman called upon available civilian workers work-ers in the U. S. to fill 65.000 railroad rail-road Jobs to help speed the redeployment redeploy-ment of troops and materiel to the Pacific and assure an early end to the Japanese war. Though the army has furloughed 4,000 experienced railroad men to relieve re-lieve .the crisis, they represent but a fraction of the carriers' needs, the President said. Most urgent need is for 12,000 skilled workers such as trainmen, electricians, carpenters and signalmen. Meanwhile, the war manpower commission granted 17 western railroads rail-roads top priority in the interregional inter-regional recruitment of workers. Frauleins Reserved Despite the army's let-up against association with German civilians, G.Ij are not being swamped by curvacious frauleins. Children continue to cluster around friendly Yanks, however, and play ui lor a share of their rations. Having swept the mademoiselles off their feet in France and Belgium, the GJa have found the German - belles less skittish. For one thing, return of many German soldiers has provided the more comely misses with escorts, while the open hostility of civilians toward women fraternizing with the Americans in certain sections also has tended to restrict relations. Lifting of the ban against association with German civilians followed repeated repeat-ed complaints that it would never work in view of the American disposition for striking up friendships. The Russians had never enforced such a ban in their occupation zone, presumably to unsell the civilians on their fear of the Reds. MEAT STORAGE: ' Supplies Up Despite the fact that the 635,998,-000 635,998,-000 pounds of meat supplies in cold storage on July 1 were at the highest level since last September, civilians were not expected to benefit because a large percentage of the stocks are earmarked for the army. Supplies of other foods were spotty, with butter holdings abnormally abnor-mally heavy and stocks of frozen and shell eggs up, while dried egg and poultry inventories were down. Beef registered the largest gain in meat supplies, standing at 261,373,-000 261,373,-000 pounds, with pork also showing an increase at 330,524,000 pounds. Lamb and mutton stocks were up to 17,903,000 pounds and lard 62,430,- 000 pounds. As of the first of the month, public warehouse freezer occupancy stood at 73 per cent of capacity, with gains in canned fruits and vegetables, fish. cheese, shell eggs and sausage largely offset by a heavy outmove- ment of apples, pears, dried eggs and canned meat REPARATIONS: Allied Plan German payment of reparations from available resources to avoid the rebuilding of the reich's economy econ-omy to meet foreign claims, as was the case following World War I, was recommended by the Allied reparations committee sitting in Moscow. Following the pattern of the U. S. plan, the commission's proposal calls for the distribution of potential German war-making equipment to claimant countries, and German production of reparations material from existing facilities. No funds would be advanced for reconstruction reconstruc-tion of transport or industry that could be integrated into a military economy. In line with its plan, the commission commis-sion also declared that claims against Germany should be taken from the country's existing wealth, such as stocks, foreign investments, machines and supplies. Recently named as federal loan chief. Banker John W. Snyder, Sny-der, 48, of St Louis was named to succeed Fred M. Vinson as director di-rector of war mobilization and reconversion. Former congressman. Judge and director of economic stabilization, stabil-ization, war mobilization and federal loan administration, Vinson in turn was nominated to fill the shoes of Henry Mor-genthau Mor-genthau as secretary of the treasury. mm, mm u WASHINGTON QUIETEST IN YEARS The District of Columbia looks more like a peacetime capital this summer than in many years. . . . For the first time since the war, the house is now planning a long recess. . . . This reflects increased congressional congres-sional confidence in the new White House set-up, also the fact that many a legislator yearns for home. . . . The dollar-a-year men and brass hats who planned to check out after Germany's defeat haven't started their exodus. Instead they've been joined by hundreds of business men who've moved in to get their reconversion headaches unsnarled. . . . Thousands of returning officers and enlisted men from Europe have added to the housing and feeding problem. Parking spaces along the Potomac are crowded on hot nights with G.I. Joes and G.I. Janes and government workers searching for a cool breeze. Washington is more peaceful, but still jammed. Adding to the crush are the Truman Tru-man boys who have descended on Washington. . . . They fall into three categories: (1) The Missouri boys, friends of Truman and Bob Hanne-gan Hanne-gan looking for jobs, patronage, and juicy political plums. ... (2) The Pauley boys from Southern Californiafriends Califor-niafriends of former Democratic Treasurer Ed Pauley who've rushed into town to climb on the gravy train. They're brash and crude for the most part have little respect for the taxpayers' money, and already have their eyes on the gilded dome of the capitoL . . . Third group are the "Battery K" men. These are the World War I vets who saw service with Harry Truman in 1917 and 1918. Most are satisfied with a brief "hello" and a handshake from their hero. Others cling to the wrought iron gates of the White House, think that their comradeship with the new chief executive is a guarantee of a soft government job. Truman Heyday Truman's own aides In the White House are still impressed by their new surroundings. ... Some feel that Truman's rise fives them a blank check to use his power for their own ends. . . . One youthful aid has been bragging about having Truman's Tru-man's political enemies shadowed, shad-owed, their wires tapped. . . . Truman, a sworn enemy of wire-tapping when in the senate, will probably clip their wings soon. . . . Most powerful man in the Truman entourage is chubby, cigar-smoking Brig. Gen. Harry Vaughan, one of the "Battery K" boys, who buzzes . considerable advice into his chief's ear, but now finds it being accepted with less frequency. fre-quency. . . . The hangers-on are still having a field day around the White House. Center of administration power has partly shifted from the White House to the second floor of the Mayflower May-flower hotel, where Bob Hannegan holds forth in Democratic headquarters. headquar-ters. , . . Judge Welburn Mayock, the committee's new general counsel coun-sel uses the office to lobby for California Cali-fornia oil interests. . . . George Kil-liom, Kil-liom, the new treasurer of the national na-tional committee, who has been using a meat-ax to collect money for the committee from business men may find himself chopped down soon. . . . One ardent Democratic supporter of many years' standing hearing about Killiom's tactics, said, 'He'll collect so much money we'll lose in '48. Everyone he taps for $5,000 will feel like contributing contribut-ing twice as much to the Republicans Republi-cans to boot the Pauley crowd out" Meanwhile little is happening to set the stage for Democratic victories in the congressional elections next year. . . . Hannegan is already in hot water with labor, particularly the CIO, which he has been studiously studi-ously ignoring. Labor leaders, who poured out millions to help Roosevelt Roose-velt last year, claim they can't even get a glass of water from the Democrats Demo-crats when it comes to bucking oppressive op-pressive legislation in congress, and are now making threats to move over to the GOP camp. Republicans Harmonious. Farther up Connecticut avenue at Republican headquarters things are harmonious. . . -. The Republicans are sitting back, are quietly laying the groundwork for a high-powered congressional race next November. . . . What they need most of all are some issues.. . . . GOPsters, including in-cluding Chairman Herbert Brown-ell Brown-ell are confident they'll find plenty in a few months, are hoping 'that Truman stubs a few toes politically soon. . . . Republican Chairman Brownell has a million dollars to spend on the elections. . . . Truman's cabinet changes thus far have been extremely popular. . . . Tall scholarly new Labor Secretary Sec-retary Schwellenbach has made scores of friends for his department has infused new life among its weary employees, has made an A-l impression on congress. ... Ex-Congressman Clint Anderson has the hottest job in the new administration ad-ministration trying to straighten out the tangled food mess as secretary of agriculture. . . . Anderson is a great red-tape shearer, has already made big improvements, and is no pushover for lobbyists. Things You Knew All Along; (But Which I Bidden Know TU Scientists claim singing in,plt robust health. Yodeling is rjppo to invigorate the circulation, reviti ize the tissues, eliminate toxins it, strengthen the throat and lungs, (n ure. That's why Sinatra is the cav, man type.) Patrick nenry was one of world's great orators, but couldn't write a memorandum thj made sense. Verdi's biggest competitor ws Enrico Patrella, who aped his stjlt Patrella penned twenty operai (nm forgotten) and died in poverty Famed Verdi died a mlllionalri (Copycats, beware.) Caligula, a Roman emperor, mai guests pay for their meals. Think double features are bad? I Buenos Aires movie house exhibit: five different films daily. (A cure tit insomnia?) A Rajah in India has a billion do) lar a year income. (He's almost prosperous as the owner of i h dawg stand on the road to ruin.) Mozart was an enthusiastic b& Hard player. Much of his musk was composed while awaiting hi turn. (I don't believe it, either.) A sneeze lasts about a tenth of i second. (Or just long enough to ruii the big scene.) The first railroad tunnel in tht U. S. was built in 1833 near Johns-town. Johns-town. Pa. (And you always thought the only famous thing about John town was the flood.) "Holly1 About sixteen million thunder j storms occur each year throughout pjg the world. (That's what the mat . said.) , myste Poison ivy is most poisonous in & spring and early summer when the sap is most abundant. (So stay it the city and out of the bushes, 701 dope.) The building of railways In Eng land was at first forbidden by Parliament Par-liament Because it would interfen with fox-hunting. (You've prob'lj heard this definition of a fox: Ee gets what a wolf goes after.) You can't hide strong emotion! from the tips of your fingers and toes. When you're excited they get cold. , ' Gobbling too much sweet food makes the body susceptible to colds. (Your medico would, charge money for this kind of information, you lucky you.) Oranges contain practically no starch. (Ain't that wonderful news, girls? TTT) Typing for 45 minutes burns up 100 calories. (Which makes this t 200 calorie colyum.) In the 19th Century, Kalesnikoff, Russian shoemaker, distinguished himself as a doctor and rapidly rose to the office of chief surgeon at the Kieff Hosp. He performed 600 major ma-jor operations before bis deception, was uncovered. (Try and top that, Dr. Kildare.) In Siam a man is allowed only one divorce, but he can sell his other oth-er wives. "New" and "old" potatoes have about the same nutritional value (So don't be so fussy.) When Mount Pelee (a volcano on. the West Indian island of Martinique) Marti-nique) erupted some time ago, it killed all of the 26,000 inhabitants of the town of St Pierre but one. That one was a prisoner in the town Jail (Make your own moral) The universe is one solid mas traveling at 180 miles per minute. (Correct ProL Einstein?) TWs is the origin of the word! "cop." London's first police force wore blue uniforms with large copper cop-per buttons. These buttons gave the-police the-police the name copper, later shortened short-ened to cop. (Ho-hum!!!) Snapping turtles have been knows to bite completely through an oar. (Ain't that oarful?) A halibut always lies on its 1 side, and both its eyes are on the right (Gruesome, ain't It??) Lack of common salt actually caused Napoleon's failure before Moscow. Because his soldiers didn't have sufficient salt in their diets, their wounds' refused to heal ana their systems were unable to repel disease. (Amazing what you can find in books.) W. Va. has a law which makes 8 Illegal for an alien to own a. dog- May is the only rronth in which U. S. President has neither beei born nor diet' r 1 |