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Show THE LEW SUN, LEHI, UTAH Justice Is Sole Principle Guiding Steps of UNRRA Relief and Rehabilitation Program Claims - - Support of Congressmen Noted for . . Internationalist Viewpoint. r ( i I tt. By BAUKIIAGE Newt Anuhst and Commentator. ' WNU Service, Union Trust Building - . Washington, D. C. . 1 - While the bombs are bursting over Europe, It Is pretty hard to think of postwar aqtivities. America Just doesn't like to do it. Furthermore, It Is perfectly natural that, after our experience in the last war, when we talk about "relief" for Europe, we feel we don't want to play the role of "Uncle Sap" again. The one organization which has gone ahead with very definite, specifically spe-cifically , delimited plans for civil-Ian civil-Ian International activity, is the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Rehabili-tation administration. Forty-four nations na-tions have combined to set up this organization and finance its work. The United States' part in this organization or-ganization has the specific authorization authoriza-tion of Congress. But 1t never could have had this backing if It hadn't been for the wholehearted cooperation coopera-tion of certain men in Congress whom nobody by the greatest stretch of imagination could label as Internationalists. One of them largely responsible for the unopposed un-opposed authorization by congress for the $1,350,000,000 which is America's Ameri-ca's contribution to the UNRRA fund was Sen. Arthur H. Vanden-berg, Vanden-berg, a member of the foreign relations re-lations committee, who cannot be described as an "internationalist." He supported UNRRA in this way after a long and careful consultation consulta-tion with the State department concerning con-cerning the administration's obligations obliga-tions which the United States had to accept if it joined this body of 44 nations. Vandenberg was supported by representatives of the delegation from Ohio, among others, a middle western state not noted for International Inter-national tendencies. I asked a member of the UNRRA staff why he thought these people were convinced that the United States ought to take part in this humanitarian movement which although al-though it proclaimed ultra-practical aims might naturally be doubted by the cynical. "Nobody who has read the limitations limita-tions which this organization has placed upon Itself could have the crust to oppose it," was his answer. Selling Point At that moment, I took this rather categorical statement with a grain i of salt. Later, after talking with Morse Salisbury, who is well known over the air to many of the readers of this column and all of the listeners listen-ers to the "Farm and Home Hour," I must admit I was sold. Morse Salisbury gave up an Important Im-portant position in the department of agriculture which he had held through various administrations to handle the public relations for UNRRA under former governor of New York Herbert Lehmann, its administrator. ad-ministrator. I broke in on him when he was puzzling over the question of an emblem or flag or a designation for UNRRA somebody thought it ought to have a distinguishing insignia in-signia but he was unconvinced and then he said something to me which is important to remember. "Here is one governmental institution insti-tution governmental in the sense that 44 nations are backing it which, instead of wishing to perpetuate per-petuate itself, as most bureaucratic units are said to do, has for its chief aim self liquidation. Like the boys in the front lines, it wants to get the job done and then quit." The object of UNRRA is to do what it can to resolve to normalcy the chaos produced by the war and then quit. For that reason, former Governor Gover-nor Lehmann has set as one of his objectives the keeping of the num ber of administrative employees down to the absolute minimum. I'll have more to say about that later, first just a very brief summary of what UNRRA has set as its objec tive, how it hopes to obtain the ob jective, as set forth in its so-called "bible," containing the official statement state-ment of . the resolutions of the organization. This Is the document which I was told if anyone read he would not have the crust to oppose the UNRRA program. On November 9, 1943, the representatives repre-sentatives of these 44 nations met in the White house and signed an agreement to cooperate in bind' Ing up the wounds of war. Later, they met in Atlantic City and drew up resolutions spelling out what would be done imdef the agreement Since : they knew the bitterness and controversy which jgrew out of the unpaid war loans of the last war, one prime purpose is to achieve their a m without running up a lot of uncollectible debts. In other words, they got down to brass tacks and decided that their effort to restore re-store normalcy in the world should be accomplished on a very simple principle of justice. They divided up the world into two categories. First, those who have enough of the things needed to feed and clothe and house their people, and those who don't Then there is another division between be-tween those who, while they don't have the basic resources, nevertheless neverthe-less have the money to pay for them. All of the nations which have enough to take care of their own people are to contribute 1 per cent of their national income as of the year ending June 30, 1943. Those nations like France and Holland and Belgium and Norway and others which have been able to get gold or other wealth away from the Axis robbers and into Allied or neutral countries expect to pay for the supplies they get. Those countries which have no foreign trade or credit balance abroad will receive supplies and services to bring their people up to a rather stern standard of living and get normal daily life started again. The supplies contributed Will be put into regular business channels chan-nels and most of the people who get them will pay in their own money. Of course, this money would have no value outside of the country coun-try involved. It would, however, have value within the country and UNRRA would take, we will say In the case of Greece, drachmas for the supplies delivered. No Big Payroll Those drachmas would be spent within the country and will help carry out the principle which Governor Gov-ernor Lehmann has laid down that UNRRA Itself will not develop a big payroll. It will help the people to help themselves. Let me give you an example: The Greeks haven't enough food. Their various public utilities are smashed to pieces, they have no shoes to walk on, their hospitals and other health institutions have been destroyed or disintegrated. All right UNRRA will set down a certain number of pairs of shoes in Greece it will set down a certain amount of food, a certain amount of cloth ing, a, certain amount of machinery and other supplies that will be paid for in drachmas which are nothing more than pieces of paper as far as the rest of the country is concerned, con-cerned, but which have a cash value In Greece. They will take those drachmas and hire personnel, people who will arrange to load the supplies into trucks at the ports where UNRRA sets them down and handle the distribution dis-tribution of food and clothing through the agencies within the country; they will do the dirty work of rebuilding the waterworks and electric light plants, the public schools and other buildings necessary neces-sary for an ordered life. Thus employment em-ployment will be furnished out of the nation's own wealth. This is a very brief attempt to show how UNRRA works but as I sat in the Du Pont building on Connecticut Con-necticut avenue and heard Mr. Salisbury, who is one of the most practical-minded government officials offi-cials with whom I have dealt in my 30 years experience In Washington, Washing-ton, detail UNRRA's activities, I began be-gan to feel quite an 'emotional upsurge. up-surge. Salisbury may have felt it too but, of course, he wouldn't show it any more than I would since both Of us are laconic middle-westerners, I said: "Isn't this whole idea an historical Innovation?" He replied: "Well, yes. But don't think the 44 member nations are laying any pattern for postwar planning in UNRRA. They have created here an organization of a purely transitional nature. It's merely an attempt on the part of the nations which have something to offer to provide it H the others can pay for the food and clothing and other things they get they are willing to pay for it If they can't the contributing na- I tions are going to get it to them." WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Invasion Raids Hit Greatest Strength As Allies Hammer Western Defenses; Bitter Fighting Continues in India; Co-Op League Reports Steady Growth Released oy wencra newspaper union. .. " VP. ; '-v . w -Sc. c vJC X. ,. ii-ii i: L.it- -j- i 1 1 c: .1 noualiuia moving inia uiilio iuaiiaa cum ua i irwp, 5 - r-photograpfcer. r-photograpfcer. run all rik to take front line picture. At Hollandia, Sgt. Carl Weinke (left) and Pfc. Ernest Marjoram wade through iwamp in quet of "pix." j EUROPE: Decision Inland With the Invasion already underway under-way in the air with the thunderous non-stop bombardment of the western west-ern perimeter of Hitler's quaking Fortress Europe, experts agreed that the big decision would be reached beyond the coastal defenses and farther Inland, where German panzers will attempt to fight off an Allied breakthrough. As U. S. and British planes continued con-tinued their round-the-clock bombardment, bom-bardment, the two sides readied their lines In other parts of the continent con-tinent where attacks were expected to occur simultaneously with an invasion in-vasion from the west. In central Italy, the Nazis shortened their lines by pulling in a big bulge in the Allied defenses, and In Russia, the Reds were reported massing troops near eastern Poland for another powerful offensive. Rail yards, rail lines, bridges, airfields, air-fields, coastal defenses and Axis industries in-dustries all came under the bomb-sights bomb-sights of thousands of Allied planes blasting out the invasion path in the west. COOPERATIVES: Big Business Steady growth of the cooperative system In the U. S. was reflected in the Cooperative league's report that various organizations' total sales for 1943 reached the record high of $750,000,000, and savings of $50,000,-000 $50,000,-000 were effected for consumers. Feed, fertilizer, equipment seeds and other farm supplies accounted for about two-thirds of the total sales, the CooDerative lea cue reDort- I ed, with oil products and petroleum next in line. , Declaring that local, regional and national cooperatives now control about 113 manufacturing plants, 2,000 farm supply establishments. 2,500 gas and petroleum products outlets, and 1,100 grocery stores, the Cooperative league said that the va rious organizations looked forward to balancing the movement by in creasing gas and petroT'operations in the East and grocery stores in the Midwest. ' Another objective, according to the Cooperative league, is extension of trade to Europe, where the cooperative co-operative system had a strong hold prior to World War IL AGRICULTURE: Plans Changed Excessive rainfall in the southwest south-west and middlewest delaying field work in oats and barley, may result In increased production of corn and soybeans. With corn stocks throughout the country as of April 1 at 1,162.000.000 bushels 380,000,000 bushels below last year figures showed that at 42,000,000 head exclusive of pigs farrowed far-rowed since January 1, there wete 4.000,000 less hogs on hand than in May. 1943. Since the first of the year, 42,000,000 hogs were reportedly butchered, a 55 per cent increase over the same period in 1943, reports re-ports showed. Because heavy rainfall has kept farmers out of the fields, they are expected to seed only 41,000,000 acres of oats, compared to the 46,-000,000 46,-000,000 planned, and plant about 1,500,000 acres less of barley than the 15.000,000 acres originally intended. in-tended. On the other hand, about 100.000,000 acres of corn and 15,000,-000 15,000,-000 acres of soybeans probably will be seeded.. MAIL ORDER: U. S. Withdraws Hottest issue of the year, the gov ernment seizure of Montgomery Ward and company's Chicago plants took another turn with the government's govern-ment's withdrawal from the com pany's properties, following an elec tion in which a majority of the help voted to be represented by the CIO's United Mail Order, Warehouse and Retail Employees union. Originally the government had taken over the plant and ejected Ward's Board Chairman Sewell Avery after the company refused to honor a War Labor board directive to extend the union's maintenance of membership contract until a new one could be negotiated. Although the government's withdrawal with-drawal was based on the contention that a determination of the union's right to represent the company employees em-ployees was the big issue, Ward's officials pointed out that the company com-pany stood on its grounds that it could not legally be forced to accept the so-called maintenance of membership mem-bership contract under which union employees must remain within the union for the life of the contract PACIFIC: Eye$ Westivard Entrenched In the Hollandia area of New Guinea, U. S. forces turned their eyes to the westward reaches of the island, where the Japs reportedly re-portedly have massed many planes in the region to defensively flank the sea routes to the Philippines and Indies. In India, British and native forces counterattacked invading Jap troops at both Imphal and Kohima, where the enemy, had rocketed close on to the strategic Assam-Bengal railroad feeding Lieut Gen. Joseph Stil-well's Stil-well's U. S. and Chinese army in northern Burma. In bitter fighting in the wild hill country, the Japs found the going growing tougher. In looking toward western New Guinea, the U. S. command sent bomber and fighter squads against enemy airdromes and defense installations, in-stallations, and the attacking planes drew stiff opposition from Jap air and ground crews. LEND-LEASE: Extension Favored With extention of lend-lease for another year assured in congress. President Roosevelt asked tor a $7,188,893,000 fund for the period to continue the program, which has cost $30,362,687,362 to date. Although . congress put oft enactment enact-ment until senate and house could, agree on terms for limiting the President's power to formulate policies poli-cies of preliminary or final settlement settle-ment of accounts with recipient nations na-tions only Sen.- William Langer (N. D.) registered opposition to the bill in the senate. Said he; jJ'According to the report, we got so-called strategic supplies from nations that are beneficiaries of lend-lease ... Yet when we ob-. tain metals and other strategic war materials -from . these same countries, coun-tries, we pay, cash, on the barrel-h'e?i barrel-h'e?i instead of . crediting the lend-lease lend-lease account . . " WAR PRISONERS: Aid Farmers , , Of the 183,618 prisoners of war the U. S. is holding in 203 camps in 41 states, good use is being made of many ' in ' critical labor shortage areas, : the" War department revealed. re-vealed. " Between June of 1943 and the end of March, prisoners' work approximated approxi-mated 19,300,321 man-days. Prisoners have been particularly helpful in relieving the farm labor pinch. In the south, 3,500 prisoners, were used for an' emergency harvest of sugar cane after a freeze, and they assisted with the cotton, rice and peanuts crops. In the east and midwest, prisoners have helped in picking and canning fruit and other foods. FRIENDLY RIVALS BRIEFS by Baukhage At present 19 per cent of the trucks on the road are at least 10 years old and a minimum of 8 per cent are more than 15 years old. Nylon's high-service temperature of approximately 275 degrees Fahrenheit greatly exceeding that of other thermoplastics, has contributed contrib-uted to the plastic's quick adoption tor war use. Vital messages are carried for marines by trained dogs when phone wires are cut An increase of 31 per cent in the number of juvenile delinquency cases disposed of by representativt juvenile courts last year over the 1942 figure is reported by Katherine F. Lenroot chief of the Children'i bureau, U. S. department of Labor. Internal Threat With Rebel Subhas Chandra Bose on India's doorstep with the invading Japanese army. Britain released ailing Mohandas K. Ghandi from luxurious imprisonment impris-onment to avoid giving collaborationists collabora-tionists too much propaganda fodder fod-der in the event of his death during dur-ing confinement. Jailed by the British in August of 1942 because of his concerted wartime campaign for Indian independence which they claimed interfered with the war effort ef-fort against Japan, Ghandi recently suffered from a recurrence of malaria ma-laria fever. While imprisoned, Ghandi conducted an unsuccessful 21-day hunger strike for his free dom. Once one of Ghandi's close followers, fol-lowers, the exiled Bose now working hand in hand with the JaDS in north eastern India, has long advocated more vigorous action against the British rather than the saintly Ghan di's civil disobedience program. Ghandi O IGHLIGHTS in the tceek9$ new$ '., TV v.. i 1 'r ;l ,t Things Few New Yorkers Know About New York: . New York isn't all stone and steel. Staten Island is dotted with sroaU towns and fertile farm lands by rrackv '. . ' There afe about 600 SLVin our burg ... The SUJ Exchange has its own medical dept. and tailor . . . Most odorable spot in town is Front street where the city's supply of coffee Is roasted . . You can find almost anything in Manhattan, including- a lighthouse-at lighthouse-at Fort Washington Point ... New York's most expensive real estate is supposed to be Nassau street-as much as $825 a square foot has been shelled out for property there. . Meals in the city's hoosegows are planned by expert dieticians. No room service, however. The tiny cemetery on Tenth street was the scene of our town's most macabre crime. The bones of a rich New Yorker, buried there, were once stolen and held for ransom. The re-mains re-mains were eventually recovered but the skeleton-nappers were never arrested ... On Second avenue there is a 3, 9 and 19 cents store. Don't know the reason for the unusual un-usual prices ... The stone fortifications fortifica-tions that were used during the Revolutionary war can still be found tipar R'wav and 190th street ... Six different streets meet at Sheridan square . . . Oddest-named shop is the Chineseatery called Hang Far Low . . . The clock tower at the north end of Battery park sounds the signals for the watches kept on shipboard . . . Wall street is only about seven blocks long, but ty's the financial heart of 48 States. For awhile, it looked as though New Mexico's gubernatorial race would be a one family affair, what with Robert E. Peterson (left) the candidate for the Republican Re-publican nomination, and his wife, Edna, vying for the Democratic Demo-cratic nomination. But Mr. Peterson's Peter-son's petition of candidacy was rejected. Although Mrs. Peterson can keep Mr. Peterson in hand in the kitchen as the picture shows, Mr. Peterson has a mind of his own politically. Said Mrs. Peterson: "I tried to keep him in line, but I failed. He is a former Democrat. Demo-crat. I'm sorry he couldn't file, though." SAVINGS: National savings exceed ex-ceed the 33 billion dollars accumulated accumu-lated last year, according to economists. econo-mists. By the end of the year the total invested in war bonds, deposited deposit-ed in banks or put into insurance may reach 125 billion dollars, the institute predicts, adding that this huge sum is a danger to the national economy if inflationary tendencies get out of hand. GUTENBERG BIBLE: Harvard university has been presented a copy of the famous Gutenberg Bible, one of the 10 perfect copies known to be in the United States. It is the gift of George Widener of Philadelphia Philadel-phia and it is valued at more than $100,000. There are only 40 copies of this edition in existence. They were printed in 1455 in Mainz. Germany. NEUTRALS: Blacklist Threat Applying pressure in its efforts to curb neutrals' trade with the Axis, the U. S. and Britain announced that its black-listing of companies for- continuing business relations with the Allies' enemies would be extended into the postwar world. Meanwhile, it was reported, a special spe-cial U. S. representative arrived in Stockholm, Sweden, to seek a cancellation can-cellation of that neutral's prosperous prosper-ous ball-bearing trade with the Germans. Ger-mans. Of 15,000 firms on the U. S. and British blacklist, 10,000 are in South America and the remainder in neutral neu-tral European countries. The Allies' threat to carry-over the blacklist into the postwar world, implied that more friendly businesses would receive re-ceive the jump on trade. ARMS: U. S. Output No less than 13 billion rounds of .30 and .50 caliber bullets enough munitions to kill off six times the population of the world were shipped to fighting men in 70 war theaters during 1943 by the U. S ordnance field service. Besides this tremendous volume of ammunition, other deliveries in eluded 9,500 light and medium tanks; 20,000 75-millimeter tank guns; 91,000 bazookas; 648,000 submachine sub-machine guns; 15,000,000 hand grenades and 21,000.000 rifle ere nades. As the figures reflected, Vice-Chairman Vice-Chairman Donald Davis of the War Production board declared that U S production of military supplies' equipment and munitions nearlv equals total war output of the rest of the world. est LOCKERS Because of the demand for food lockers far exceeding the Du tion has issued new regulation, re. stne ing the applications for locked Only two classes of users can hi included in applications First class consists of farmers who are resident operators BJ the kind of food normaUy11!8 lockers. The second Cass Tre pie living in towns, but who .. viseoperaUonofa'farmbS; on . share basis or by hired For some unknown reason, above 59th street several avenues suddenly change their names. Eighth avenue becomes Central Park West; Ninth avenue becomes Columbus avenue; Tenth avenue becomes Amsterdam avenue; and Eleventh avenue becomes be-comes West End avenue . . . No one need go hungry or homeless on the streets of New York. The Dept of Welfare is ready to provide food and shelter for all unfortunates. Then how come there are so many panhandlers? pan-handlers? . . . Haunted house legends leg-ends have grown up around the ancient brownstone mansion that adjoins Woodlawn cemetery. No one has lived there for more than a century cen-tury and it's completely furnished. Five stories below street level subterranean sub-terranean vaults at the Federal Reserve Re-serve Bank are barred by doors weighing as much as 90 tons. The best air raid shelter in town -. Juvenile delinquency isn't new. According Ac-cording to Police Dept. statistics, 50 per cent of the city's lawbreakers have always been under 25 years of age . . . Mayor LaGuardia has a tiger skin in his home to symbolize sym-bolize his victory over the Tammany Tam-many tiger . . . Among the Weather bureau's unusual duties is collecting collect-ing pollen to aid in the study of hay fever . . . Plenty of amusement spots in our town over 700 legit theaters and movies. Yon don't have to leave New York to enjoy natural scenery. The eye-filling eye-filling sights along the Hudson are as beautiful as anything you'll find in any part of the world ... A few New Yorkers who love to go to fires have private fire alarm boxes in their homes . . . Most popular part of the public library is its record booth where you can hear recordings gratis. You must make reservations two weeks in advance ... For its post office in the RCA building, the gov't pays Radio City $1.00 a year rent . . . There is a deserted theatre the-atre under Carnegie Hal Swankiest elevators in town are' at the New York Central edifice. Decorated Deco-rated with red Chinese lacquer and sky-blue ceiling . . . 50,000,000 pounds of food pour into New York every 24 hours. streetadTTaJ V City'8 oldest street. It was down early Broadway that a courier dashed shouting the news of the Battle of Lexington. More crimes have taken place on ft .Main Stem (between 47th aS 9th stree s) than m any other in town. No one knows exactly wny. kadtnr'f. huge warefuse in Radio City's sub-basement The opulent house at 73rd street' ana casT w driV6 ttat resembl-castle resembl-castle was erected by Charles M Schwab and costt wo" and .5 carved out of the side of fcS. U 8 No trlck I, misse(J : taprove radio programs. NBC's studios are coated with a special nue. They Pn , ave- n. ' ef 8eu priceless" eem bought Z ?SZT are the midst of 8idewalkta sector . l pov,y-Wcken love for "the GTge uWhc.gton's KewYork,theaari",heIped make "e lived fa Z 1 nter- en Washington rSel,Blg.Town- Gen. night ely missed a firSf ON THE HOME FRONT RUTH WYETH Sp UAPPY is a most versa,: high and her ducklin it eight inches hieh. v"."1 her and the babies out of I weather vaneJl add an amusing touch to 31 , , - , : , . rrj ana the CUT-OUTS FOAUOTuwr mm CHILD'S OUHT f-rASt lings also make a jolly av ration for kitchen, bathro children's room; A .1-1 ruiyvuv wnq llKes need will immediately see the pej lies xur a quicK ana effect; plique design for a child'J wnn wnite or yellow ducks ! ing on a blue background orange bills and feet and J rea Doraer ail around the pi " NOTE Mrs. Spears has prep actual-size pattern of this gay e ler ducklings with full directions: Suide for, cutting, painting, stent Jsing lor applique work. Comple tions and dimensions for making tt aarrow shown in this sketch art iluded with pattern. The numbe ind price is 13 cents. Addriss " MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEA! Bedford Hills Ne, Drawer 10 Enclose IS cents for Patter 258. Name r JVt homen Address HARSH LAXATi Millions Have Ended Cor. pation with Simple Frts Fruit Drink Don't form the habit of k ing fan harsh, griping laxa: until you've tried this easy, It f ul way millions now use to regular. It's fresh lemon juice andti taken first thing in the mora, just as soon as you get up. juice of one Sunkist Lemon glass of water. Taken thus, c: empty stomach, it stimt normal bowel action, days day, for most people. And lemons are actively; for you. They're among then sources of Vitamin C, which bats fatigue, beips resist cold: infections. Tliev supply vfe B, and P, aid-vdigestion and alkalinize the system. Try this grand wake-up c 10 mornings. Sec if it doesn't you! Use Calif ornia Sue Lemons. Thcre eood reason whr Pz0 j men! has been used by ao mnr of sufferers from simple P"1'' PAZO ointment soothes Inflame"' relieves pain and itchine. " PAZO ointmenl lubricates Mf dried parts helps prevent erao soreness. Third. PAZO ointme' to reduce swelling and check Fourth, it's easy to use. PAi"' menl's perforated Pile Pipe plication simple, ihoroueh. V' can tell you about PA" oii"- "To relieve distress of IBUHIB' Lydla E. Plnkham's Veget&bleC pound Is made especially or to help relieve periodic pW ' wean, biicu, ne ..- ; due to functional montw Taken regularly Plnkhami against such symptoms. He ( almost a century. Thousand J thousands of women """.j hortaflf. Pnllnv label HI"1-1 Worth iryingl LIUIAt.riKWlrtin ire g Inswe every nan i erally ietail: Hid fcame: !firent able, .Davis years been i week betra accus was i formi ' S(M of sev they t en wh I of wa: In evt have : tor ne ' ter ar hard J The now, ' the w ,- are 1 L helpfi I that and i everj this i readi radic is thi M We Kan: youn child their nigh CUSti wl Brm lous drer mot! or a glad Ew havi I mot I mor I D I tire - v. a i afte 1 sal: i Tea 1 Ur. Get Into Actio" For Full Victory' |