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Show TEMPERATURES Prcve ...... Salt Laks . Os . ... ' Legs . . ; St. iOrg . Las Vagal . Fhotnix . : Ut Anfslts Baa frisu . IS M II ( II -I U -J IT IS 31 ZI 4 J 14 14 4 Portland . . SI It IS 1 SI I SI SI IS -4 ST IS Tt S4 T7 SI Butt ..... Yellowstone Denver ... Chicago ... MOSTLY CLEAR today and Saturday, Lew ftealg hi 20 below. Afternoon high a star 14V IDuluth : Boston .... Miami .... IN. Orleans SIXTY-THIRD YEAR, NO. 175 PROVO, UTAH- COUNTY, UTAH. FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 1949 PRICE FIVE CENTS Fliers Locate Sheepm In Heavy - BULLETIN WASHINGTON. Jan. 28 (U.R) President Truman today aimed a bill appropriating $500,000 for relief to the billiard-track billiard-track west. Me turned 'the money over . to the federal works ' ' agency for distribution. By UNITED PRESS) A junior-sized snowstorm that hit the intermountain area yesterday, failed to tie up road traffic in any locality, today moved on to southern Colorado. " With the storm front came a 10 to 15 degree hike in temperatures. And the weatherman, his fingers crossed, promised "clear skies" and better weather for the weekend. Not-so-pleased students in northern and central Utah were back in their classrooms todav as the Mountain Fuel i . 'Hay Bombing' Resumed As Skies Clear By UNITED PRESS The U. S. air force resumed its "Operation Hayride" today after another severe blizzard had doomed thousands more sheep and cattle to starvation. Air force' cargo planes which have been "hay bombing" the snowbound rangelands were grounded yesterday by the neW blizzard. But they took off today despite continued snowfall, overcast over-cast skies and high winds. Meanwhile, flood threats eased along most of the Ohio River, but in southern Illinois danger of a major flood was increasing hourly. hour-ly. Cold Wave Forecast A cold wave was forecast for the midwest in the wake of heavy snowfall and ice storms. Nevada Eighteen C-82's grounded at Fallon, Nev., yesterday yester-day began taking off on flights over southeastern Nevada range-.lands range-.lands to "bomb" herds of sheep and cattle with hay. Despite scattered scat-tered clouds and frequent snow flurries the planes were expected to make 18 to 20 separate hay drop today. Wyoming The air force base at Lowry field near Denver sent four C-47 cargo places to Fort Riley, Kans., to pick up 100 tons of hay to be flown to Casper, Wyo., where the livestock feed situation was reported acute. Seventeen other planes from the 10th and 4th air forces were asked ask-ed to join in the shipment. Wold Chamberlain Field at Minneapolis sent two C-46's to Marshall, Kans., to pick up loads of hay for Cheyenne, Chey-enne, Wyo. Colorado County Agricultural agents warned that continued cold or another blizzard could cause heavy losses among weakened weak-ened cattle and sheep, but they said livestock losses in Colorado so far have been moderate. Moffat Mof-fat county, hardest-hit in Colorado, Colo-rado, reported the loss of 50 beef rattle, 3,000 to 5,000 stock cows, heifers and stock sheep, and 350 horses. Another Fire In Park City " PARK CITY, Utah, Jan. 28 (U.R) r Investigation began today into the cause of a fire which destroyed destroy-ed the Helen's cafe and boarding house here yesterday afternoon. It was the second major fire in a week for this mining community. com-munity. Manager Helen Lanford was out of town at the time of the fire, and no damage estimate was available. Firemen were hampered hamper-ed by near-zero temperatures and ice in their attempt to save- the building. The other major fire which struck Park City during the past week was at the Prospector Tavern Tav-ern and the Dunkit Inn. News Highlights In Central Utah Amity Claimed On New City Wage Program 2 Utah, County In Danger Of -Floods Says Red Cross 2 Mendelssohn Chorus Salutes Nation Over Network 2 Diseased Utah County Fruit Trees To Be Removed. ..... .3 Springville Chamber of t Commerce Makes '48 Report. .2 American Fork C of C Official To Take National Guard Post 5 Cleve Bingham Named Spanish Fork "Man of the Year" 10 j en Caught Snow ISupply company resumed natural gas deliveries to 36 schools which had been closed by the cold. Brief "Warm Spell" ine Driei "warm spell" was news to residents of Woodruff, Utah. A low there last night of .20 was recorded. Other sub-zero readings in Utah were reported at Lucin, -4; Logan, -3; and Ogden, -2. Meanwhile, a man thought to be a trapped St. George sheepman was spotted from the air waving a red banner as a token he need ed help. A search plane pilot who sight ed a camp yesterday dropped the flag with instructions to wave if there was trouble. A ground party was on its way this morning for Cedar Breaks in the Arizona strip 70 miles south of St. George, Utah It was believed that two men, Ed Harrington and Wayne C Gardner, both of St. George, were trapped in the snow. A cargo plane from .Cedar City was ex pected to be flown over the men with supplies and feed for their sheep, Six other sheepmen, missing previously, in the Grand Wash area were thought to be safe Snowsllde Dangers Despite being light, the new storm added more pern to moun tainous communities where snow slide danger is prevalent. High land Boy in western Salt Lake county, with a 14-foot snow cover, was bracing Itself for whatever may happen. One roof has already collapsed. Sheeomen found the reason- ably-good weather helpful in their operations to get feed to hungry sheep. - By today radio communication with district graziers and in some cases with road crews cutting their way to stranded livestock had been established. The bureau of land management was keeping in touch with the situation in various parts of Utah with its own station. KNIA. 2264 kilocycles. Battery sets used by graziers and crews were stored about two years ago when reorganization of the bureau went into effect, wow reconditioned, the system has been pressed into service for the Dresent emergency Officials hoped to erase useless effort and waste of time in the field Idaho Woman Dies In Utah Bus Accident TREMONTON, Utah, Jan. 28 (U.f?) A 62-year-old Burley, Ida., woman was killed instantly yesterday yes-terday when a truck collided with a bus on highway 30-S nine miles west of Snowville, Utah. Dead is Mrs. Ethel Meachim. A passenger in the bus, she was thrown from her forward seat to the rear of the bus. The entire left side of the coach was torn out in the impact. The other two passengeis on the bus, riding on the side opposite op-posite the victim, were uninjured. Driver Lyle K. Weatherbie, 30, Kimberly, Ida., received only a slight cut on his arm. Trooper Evan Green, Tremont-on, Tremont-on, said the truck, going east, collided with the westbound Pa-cafic Pa-cafic Trailways bus just as a passing pas-sing car swirled snow into the Kir and obscured the vision of truck driver Orval Iverson, Bear River City, Utah. Iverson was not injured. Mrs. Meachim was active in the LPS church. Republican Senators Agree It Doesn't Pay to Lose Election WASHINGTON, Jan. 28 (U.R) Senate Republicans, who are split on many issues, agree enthusiastically enthusi-astically on one thing it doesn't pay to lose the election. Sen. Eugene D. Millikin, Colo., chairman of the GOP senate conference, con-ference, said with a grin that the Republican senators were "very harmonious" on "personnel problems, prob-lems, sometimes referred to as patronage." The incoming Democrats, he re-portejd, re-portejd, have left the GOP only 28 of some 350 capitol patronage jobs KCrug mm Tax Relief For Mining I Strategic Metals ' Scarcity Alarming, Says Cabinet Member WASHINGTON, Jan. 28 (U.R) Secretary of Interior J. A. Krug is expected to back the mineral industry's appeal for tax relief in order .to en courage new discoveries and development of strategic metals, informed sources said today. Krug and other government officials of-ficials are worried about the scarcity of strategic metals both for stockpiling and for current industrial demands. Director James Boyd of the bureau of mines said metal min ing industry is having "very real difficulties in scraping up the capital needed to explore and develop de-velop new deposits. Mines Shutting Down Boyd said that many marginal mines in the field of copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, and mercury espe cially are in various stages of shutting down. So far as he knows. no tungsten .mines are being worked and only one mercury mine is in operation. The minerals advisory council, composed of 34 presidents of mining min-ing companies, yesterday recommended recom-mended five tax relief measures designed to aid the industry, "especially individuals and small miners." The recommendations were made at Krug's request. Although he may not approve those specifically, speci-fically, be is expected to ask the treasury department to find some means of easing the financial situation in the mining industry, informed sources said. It would be up to the treasury department to submit legislation to congress. Taxation Burdensome il in listinsr its rec ommendations, said that present tax laws maKe aeveiopmeni oi new mines "unattractive." "The risk is large and the returns after tun too small even if the ven ture is successful, it said. It asked (1) income tax exemption exemp-tion for the first three to five years of commercial operation of a mine, (2) substantial increases in the percentage of income exempted ex-empted from taxes to allow for mine depletion, (3) increased allowances al-lowances for mine depreciation, ia tav exemption for reserves set aside for exploration and development develop-ment and (5) considerable liberal-tav liberal-tav laws tfovernins ex penses incurred in the exploration and development or. mines. Utah Flier Loses Leg In Crash In The Philippines MANILA, P. C., Jan. 28 (U.R) Capt. Philip H. Thomas, 33, of Eureka, Utah, was reported recovering re-covering today following amputation ampu-tation of his left leg which was burned in the crash of his fighter fight-er plane Tuesday. The flyer, attached to the 18th fighter wing of the U. S. air force, was saved from death by Filipino Filipi-no sugarcane harvesters who pulled pul-led him from the burning wreckage wreck-age of his plane seven miles from Clark Field. Landlords Cite Test Cases To Prove Typical Hardships TULSA, Okla., Jan. 28 (U.R Attorneys of landlords who have sent eviction notices to tenants in protest against federal rent controls today cited three "test cases" which they said proved that property owners were suf fering hardships. The lawyers said a landlady. invalided for 18 years, earns her only income from the rent of her home and hooked rugs which she makes. The woman claimed that a couple who rented one side of her house were drinkers, but re fused to move when she tried to get them out. Finally, she shut off the gas, light, and water. Service Decreased The rent control office here ruled that service was decreased. and that she could not cha rge to give out. And he said more than 200 Republicans brought in two years ago will be losing their jobs. The lean pickings, Millikin said, will bedoled out by the GOP senate personnel committee to Republican senators "on the basis of seniorityX Sixteen of the 28 GOP jobs goto old-timers who have beld on through th v- The remaining jobs include four doorkeepers, ' foui pages, one elevator operator, and one li brary clerk. Released f Us Frans von Papen (above), who helped boost Adolph Hitler to power, was cleared by a Denazification De-nazification appeal Court and ordered set free. The court mled that time already spent in jail was '-punishment enough and cancelled the rest of his eight-year sentence. Greece Accepts Cease fire Offer To End Civil War ATHENS, Jan, 28 (U.R) The government tonight announced acceptance of the guerrillas' cease fire offer to end the Greek civil war. But the government set forth a series of counter-proposals for ending the war. The government asked immedi-ate immedi-ate general elections and a general gen-eral amnesty on both sides. The guerrillas had suggested an election elec-tion within two months and an amnesty xf or "political prisoners." The pro-Communist guerrillas, headed by Gen. Markos Vafiades, suggested the cease-fire to end the five-year Greek civil war in a Droaacast over tneir radio transmitter trans-mitter yesterday. 10 Deaths In Tenement Fire NEW WATERFORD, N. S., Jan. 28 (U.R) Nine children and a man died today in a tenement house fire that swept unchecked because be-cause occupants of the building, in their excitement, forgot to turn in a fire alarm. -. - By the time a neighbor a block away turned in an alarm, the 10 victims were trapped in the blazing, blaz-ing, two-story, wooden building. Fire department officials said some of the children might have been saved had they been called earlier. The fire broke out shortly after af-ter 5 a.m. in the William Mc-Keigan Mc-Keigan home. Mrs. McKeigan, who was preparing breakfast, roused her husband and their neighbor, Edward Wiseman. BLOOD OFFER FAILS TO GET APARTMENT NEW YORK. Jan. 28 (U.R) Irving Scheer, 35, a mailman who offered to give four pints of blood to any landlord who would rent him an apartment, said today he had no takers. 'I pn't oet an anartment for - . -- i blood or money," he commented. regular rent. She went to court, but lost the case to three govern ment lawyers and. was fined 10 plus $35 court costs. She said no rent was paid dur ing the 60-day litigation period, and that the federal marshal s of f ice threatened t6 assess her property prop-erty unless she pays the court costs. The second case, the attorney said, involved a young woman who' rentedan apartment to an other young woman. The renter had visitors who. stayed all night, and the landlady charged that she was a nuisance and ordered her to move. ... The tenant filed a counter charge asking triple damages for hurting her reputation, and also claimed that the landlady had accepted a . bonus. Although the landlady said she was not in town when the renter allegedly paid the bonus, the tenant won the case. Control Evaded l In the third casej the attorney said that three units were frozen at $12 a month and others at $25, while comparable units across the street rented for $50 and $60. The landlords 'received higher fees by evading rent controls and "rear ranging the structure" of their property and avoiding federal statutes. ,', s The property owners said that they suffered the greatest loss when they were "pulled into court on any kind oi trumped up charge. While in court, they lost rent, attorneys fees, and court costs, the lawyers said. Weber College Bill Debated In Utah Senate Revised Oleo Tax Bill Passes With Melich Amendment By HUGH A. WILSON United Press Staff Correspondent Senate debate on a bill to make Weber college in Qgden a four-year school held top billing in the Utah legislature today. Although the bill was on second reading calendar and not ready for final passage, the vote today probably would hold true on the final count. It was believed the measure would pass the senate by a slim margin. Yesterday, senators nassri a revised oleomargarine tax bill, 18 to 4, after an amendment by Sen. Mitchell Melich, R., M o a b, which would keep a tax of five cents Der Dound on colored or un- colored oleomargarine. The orig inal bill would have repealed all tax on oleo. Fowles Opens Arrument After passage of the oleo bill over the strong opposition of Sen. Hyrum Gibbons, R,, Logan, the senators turned to Weber college. Sen. J. Francis Fowles, D'., Ogden, Og-den, opened the argument for the bill. He said its passage would result in a saving in taxes several sev-eral times over the amount the state would spend for the expansion. expan-sion. Fowles said Weber college, as a four-year institution, would help train badly needed teachers. He added that Utah Itself needs at least 2,000 teachers and other intermountain states need about 3,000. Students living in Ogden who must leave the city to attend college, col-lege, spend from $700 to $1200 yearly for their educations away from home, Fowles declared. He estimated that about 82 per cent of Weber college's enrollment would come from Ogden students. stu-dents. Others who supported the bill were Sens. P. S. Marthakis, D., Salt Lake City; Taylor P. Brock-bank, Brock-bank, D-, Salt Lake City, and Elias L. Day, R., Salt Lake City. McShane, Clegg Oppose Opposition came from Sens. Or-rice Or-rice C. McShane, R., Beaver, and Rue L. Clegg, R., Salt Lake City. McShane contended that this is the wrong time for the state to expand its school system, in view of the first real opportunity to save some state money. Clegg asked for postponement of the Weber college plan until an overall, complete study of the state's educational needs was undertaken. He suggested the legislative council as the group to make the analysis. The Salt Lake City senator also maintained that it was not just a question of $50,000, as asked by the college to finance its four-year four-year program for the coming bien-nium. bien-nium. He claimed that it was a question of several million dollars. The house of representatives spent a comparatively quiet day, passing three non-controversial bills. One would permit the state board of examiners to determine the need for employment of deputy district attorneys in the second and fourth judicial districts. dis-tricts. Another appropriated $3400 to Central Utah Vocational school to repair and replace equipment damaged in a recent fire. The third bill raised maximum loan limits to credit union members from $3000 to $6000. Test Case To Decide Japs7 Citizenship SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 28 (U.R) A test case was placed before the U. S. circuit court of appeals today to decide whether 5,000 persons of Japanese descent may regain their American citizenship. citizen-ship. The government appealed a lower court decision granting citizenship cit-izenship to four Los Angeles residents, res-idents, Miye May Murakami, Tsutako Sumi, Mutsu Shimizu and Albert Inouye. They were interned at Tule Lake during the war, along with the other Japanese who renounced renounc-ed their citizenship. The four are being represented in their fight by the American Civil Liberties Union. ' Hotbed of Resistance The government contends the group "voluntarily" renounced their citizenship and should be subject to deportation proceeding. proceed-ing. Calling Tule Lake a "hotbed of resistance," Government At torney Paul Guimbly said the majority of internees refused to register for a loyalty check when asked. He added that the camp later was used as a center for all persons per-sons suspected of pro-Japanese leanings and that there was a "vast movement for repatriation" to Japan during the war. i ar Repeal Hits Delay Mc Car ran Urges $1,500,000,000 Loan for China WASHINGTON, J a h. 28 (U.PJ Sen. Pat McCarran, D., Nev., today urged a $1,500,- . 000,000 loan to help the Chinese Nationalist government. govern-ment. He said that $700,000,000 should be in military aid and at least $500,000,000 for the purchase of U. S. silver. The Nevada senator said in a statement that the war in China was instigated by Soviet Russia, "cloaking her movements under the guise of civil war." McCarran called for a "realistic" loan with terms requiring Chinese acceptance of American military supervision super-vision "from the top level down." He urged that up to 700 American officers be sent to aid the retreating Nationalist Nation-alist military forces, but that no American troops be sent. State School Meads Heard By Committee (By United Press) Dr. A. Ray Olpin, president of the University of Utah, told a joint legislative appropriations committee at the state capital today to-day that the state of Utah is, shirking its responsibility to college col-lege students in the state. Olpin, along with five otheif vuuege ana junior couege president, presi-dent, appeared before the committee com-mittee to protest against appropriation ap-propriation cuts . proposed by Governor J. Bracken Lee. Dr. Franklin D. Harris, of the Utah State Agricultural College, in Logan, said, "If we get no more than the governor's pro posed amount we'll simply have to throw up our hands and give up." Governor Misinformed Dr. E. Allen Bateman, super1 mtendent of public instruction, pointed out that the basic budget formula had been established by governmental commission and a legislative council. He charged that the governor had been misinformed mis-informed when he stated that it required a special request of the finance department to determine the dedicated credits received by the various colleges for the last fiscal year. Glen E. Snow, president of Dixie Junior College, and the National Education association head, added that institutions are required to report dedicated credits to the state finance departments. de-partments. They are not requested re-quested to do so as the governor indicated. Snow said. v Utah has more students per instructor than any of the neighboring neigh-boring states, he continued. He defended the institutions', expansion ex-pansion plans by declaring that the institutions were merely try ing to survive. He said it would be impossible to survive if the (Continued on Page Two) Must Surrender Children '.'::( -, A N'T i v Mrs. Georgette Bracks (left), 21 convicted of the fatal beating of her infant son, was ordered by the Los Angeles Superior Court to submit to sterlizatlon after the birth of a child she will bear! next month.- Mrs. Bracks was given a six months suspended sentence and must surrender her on-born ehUd. Donald (above) and another child for adoption. Hartl ey Last-Minute Snag Forces Cancellation Of Senate Labor Committee Hearing; Tobin Expected to Present Draft of Bill Monday WASHINGTON, Jan 28 (U.R) The administration today forced delay in taking up the Taft-Hartley law repealer on which it has been urging speedy congressional action. f . A last minute snag in drafting the proposed new labor law forced cancellation of a senate labor committee hearing; at which it was to be presented by Secretary of Labor Maurice Mau-rice J. Tobin. The hearing was cancelled "until further notice." But it was likely that Tobin may go before the committee next Mon day. President Truman has asked congress to repeal the Taft-Hart ley law ana replace it witn an amended form of the old Wagner labor relations act. Among other things, he wants the Wagner act changed to curb jurisdictional strikes, "unjustified" secondary boycotts and disputes Involving contract interpretations. Mr. Tru man also wants some means for preventing strikes "in vital in dustries which affect the public interest." ' Republicans Protest Meanwhile, the Democratic rush to speed the labor measure through congress )s encountering a storm of protests from the Re publicans. Sen. Robert A. Taft, R., O.. co-author of the Taft- Hartley law, already has indicated he will try to stall the Democrats efforts by tacking a series of amendments on the bill when it reaches the floor. In other congressional develop ments: Defense Advocates of the 70- group air force think they have hit on a way to finance the ex pansion and still stay within Mr. Truman's defense budget. The plan calls for turning over to the air force the $800,000,000 the president earmarked for univer sal military training. That sum is not as much as the air force would like, but proponents of the trans- ier Deiieve. y. wm Keep me ex 1 1 ? 1 S 1 1 A 1 pansion going. Evictions Senate Democratic leader Scott W. Lucas, D., 111., servednotice that congress would not sit idly by while landlords in several large cities evict tenants iiy protest against rent controls. He branded the eviction move ment "an extraordinary and shameful performance." And he urged the senate banking committee commit-tee to look into the matter , "immediately." "im-mediately." Subversives Sen. Pat McCarran, McCar-ran, D., Nev., head of the senate sub-committee responsible for state department funds, said his group expects Secretary of State Dean Acheson to tighten department depart-ment security regulations. McCarran McCar-ran called present security measures mea-sures lax and made it clear that his group will quiz Acheson closely close-ly on plans to crack down on subversives. i Minimum Wage Chairman John Lesinski. D., Mich., of the house labor committee said congress con-gress should be able to complete action by Feb. 15 on the 75-cent-an-hour minimum wage bill. Farm Stockpiling Chairman Elmer Thomas, D., Okla., of the senate agriculture committee introduced in-troduced a bill to stockpile farm surpluses to help the farmer and safeguard the nation against food shortages. The measure would set (Continued on Page Two) i Acl Scott Ouster Fails; Backed By 54-50 Vote OMAHA, Neb., Jan. 28 (UJ Damage to the Republican organization in an angry national committee meetir was far from repaired ioday as members scattered through another an-other blizzard to theirhomes. It has been a torigh week all around in Omaha. "Nebraska was half-paralyzed by snow drifts and ice when the Republicans began gathering here last weekend. The weather and Republican tempers grew steadily worse. Yesterday another eight or ten inches of disastrous snowfall was piling up -outside while Republicans Republi-cans indoors were piling up a record rec-ord of bitter feeling which long may plague the party.: Dewey Front Man When the roll finally was called, call-ed, 49-year-old Hugh D. Scott, Jr., kept his job as national committee com-mittee chairman but by the slim margin of 54 votes to 50. . The ouster move against him was on charges that he was a front man for Gov. Thomas E. Dewey of New York. The committee com-mittee never got around to voting vot-ing for Roy E. Dunn, Minnesota, the opposition pick for chairman. The Scott forces tabled the uster resolution ajid that, ended it. at least for the time being. " Scott was Dewey's hand-picked committee chairman, but as he ; - rn lien jcycaica- ly explained, he had nothing to do with the Dewey-Warren campaign. cam-paign. 'OMAHA, Neb., Jan. 28 (U.R) A, new executive committee to function when the Republican national na-tional committee is not in session was named by Chairman Hugh D. Scott, Jr., last night. The new committee contained 11 of the 15 members named by Scott last week. The new group was selected as a peace offering by the Scott-controlled national committed to those members on- A 1 an r pusra io xov. i nomas E. Dewey. Members of the committee in-cludeyMrs. in-cludeyMrs. Roy F. Priest, Utah. 1,500 Drowned As Ships Crash! On China Coast HONG KONG, Jan. 28 (U.R) Survivors from two! Chines coastal steamers estimated today that more than 1,500 passenger drowned when the ships collided and sank within a few minute last night. The report was sent to British headquarters here by the Australian Aus-tralian destroyer Warramunga, which picked up 38 Chinese, the only known survivors, at the. scene of the collision. The message said the survivors surviv-ors estimated there were 1,500 passengers aboard their ship, the Taiping, which collided with the Kienyuan. They did not know the number aboard the Kienyuan. Sinks In 5 Minutes i They said the Kienyuan sank In five minutes and the Taiping sank 15 minutes later.. An SOS from the Taiping yesterday yes-terday said the collision had occurred oc-curred off Bonham lighthouse9, near Wenchow on the China coast 200 miles south of Shanghai. Shang-hai. The Warramunga picked up the SOS while en route from Japan to China. It was thought the survivors, sur-vivors, 34 men and four women, would be taken to Woosung at the mouth of the Yangtze river. The radio message from the destroyer de-stroyer speculated that some life boats with additional survivors may have headed for the China coast. But the destroyer did not tight any. GOVERNOR LOOSES BLAST ' AT KU" KLUX KLAN TALLAHASSEE, Fla., Jan. 2 Gov. Fuller Warren' said to- aay ne win asx me v legis lature to outlaw the Ku Klux Klan "and any other terrorist, or ganization" in Florida. " -: Warren's statement was made a few hours after the klan staged a 43-car . . parade through this Florida capital city. A new station sta-tion wagon carrying an electrical ly-lighted cross and two flags headed the profession. |