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Show Defense Of 11 Communist Leaders Switches Position Gonstantly-La wyers Seek Mistrial 1 10 DAILY HERALD Friday, October 7, 1949 MMJM MMMMWMMMMlliai Vfeljl 4 ril8M -.J-.h... ...... ft ii Kansas Strike Hits 14 Years This Way WICHITA, Kan. .Khlt a tech nicality counts, Kansas is the scene of one of the nations' oldest strikes. It's a 14-year-old one. The catch- is that the company affected has gone out of business long since and the strikers to a man have been absorbed in other industries. Nevertheless, the walkout of street' car operators of the Wich ita Railroad & Light Co. never was called off officially. New Blood Test Heralded As Savior Of Children At Birth TELESCOPE NAMES MEMPHIS, Tenn. U.R No one can remember the last name of Howard and Everett, two brothers who founded the "However Gro cery & Gin Co." The business once carried their family name, but when folks had trouble with it they just settled for "However," a combination of Howard and Everett. CHICAGO (U.R) The riskp a pregnant mother runs of an abortion abor-tion or stillbirth, or of the death or Imbecility of her baby, have been reduced greatly by a newly-developed newly-developed and inexpensive Rh blood factor test. The test involves the use of al bumin extracted from the blood of cattle. In 1940, it was established that about 85 per cent of human beings carry a substance in tneir biooa known as the Rh factor. The remaining re-maining 15 per cent lack it. The lack is not a deficiency. It is merely a normal, inherited characteristic, like blue eyes , or red hair. The two types of blood, Rh positive posi-tive and Rh negative, are incom patible. Whei they are mixed, either through a blood transiusion or when the unborn baby's blood inherited from the. father is different dif-ferent from that of the mother's, the Rh negative blood produces an antibody to destroy the Rh positive blood. Explains Immunities The antibody remains perman ently in the blood in most cases.. The same process applies to germs of disease and explains why Immunity Im-munity against typhoid or mumps lasts throughout life. It also ap plies to incompatible blood li, when it was hoped that ani mal serum might offer a aubsti tute for human serum in treatment treat-ment of war founded. The technique of extraction I was devised by Prof. Edwin J It has been estimated that 13 Cohn and his! ! associates at Har DEFENSE TACTICS at the trial of the Communists in New York included such vigorous argu- ments that Judge Harold Medina sent four to ja il for flouting his orders. Three of them Gus ft tifli, Henry Winston ana Jonn uates (leu V rigm; aispiay meir nanacuns ana wwk grins asiney f r , are led jailward. 1 . By BRUCE BIOSSAT ,NEA Staff Correspondent I NEW YORK, Oct. 3 (U.R) The HI Communist leaders on trial for conspiring to advocate the violent '(Overthrow of America's government govern-ment has shifted the grounds of "their 'defense many times to meet ythe ; prosecution's constantly upsetting up-setting thrusts against them. V Thus," looking back over nearly four months of defense effort, it is impossible to single out the ?real stand" of the Communists. jThey have ' made a series of vatands. And conceivably they may "witch their nosition aoain before the trial is over. r Now rounding out its eighth anonth, the trial is expected to Jand in a few weeks. It has been one of the longest and stormiest in judicial history. Federal Judge jHarold R. Medina has tossed four ;of the 11 defendants in jail for (flouting his orders. A battery Of tireless, ' sharp-tongued defense attorneys has used every tactic known to the courtroom and lome sew ones in a vain attempt to engineer a mistrial or other- . tm i i i , If 'Atittifr (if?) ' T-J t - Vs ' Kr- f r HARRY SACHER, one of the leading defense attorneys, is one of the brain-trust that has engineered many startling switches in the defense position. wise break up the case. Through all the hectic . events the Communists have poured millions of words of testimony into the voluminous record in and effort to disprove the charges in the government's indictment. Five defendants have testified in their own behalf and a sixth probably will take the stand. . In the beginning the Commu nist leaders asserted: That the American Communist Commu-nist party seeks to establish ita brand of socialism by peaceful means, through the exercise of the majority's will; that It does not and never has taught or advocated overthrowing the existing ex-isting government by force. That the party is wholly independent in-dependent of direction from Moscow, owes no allegiance to Russia and has only a "fraternal" "frater-nal" relationship with Communist Commu-nist parties elsewhere in the world. , That the American wing of the party is an open, legitimate political organization striving by regular democratic methods to achieve civil liberties and the advancement of economic standards; stand-ards; that it is not a secret, highly disciplined band of conspirators con-spirators bent upon eventual undermining of the government at some opportune crisis like depression or war. This was the Communist posi tion until government prosecutors started a relentless fire of cross-examination cross-examination which led the defendants de-fendants to alter their arguments steadily over a period of several weeks. Confronted with evidence from their school textbooks, study outlines, out-lines, speeches and writings, the defendants conceded that violent overthrow of the government had indeed been taught in their secret training schools. Their new stand was this: That the socialist revolution they desire COULD occur peacefully, that violence is not necessary, but that the people must be warned nevertheless to expect resistance in force from "monopolists, Klansmen and agents of vested interests" the groups which would presumably pre-sumably lose most when the new regime was ushered in. In other words, their position was that violence is a likely accompaniment ac-companiment of the Communists' coming to, power, but it will be started by their opponents. As the trial proceeded, another shift became evident. Gilbert Green, Illinois Communist chairman chair-man and one of the defendants acknowledged that his party would feel justified in using violence vio-lence if a "Fascist" government should be set up in America be fore the socialist revolution could be carried out. He said there would be no other way to oust stich a government. 6 Green went even further into new ground, tie acKnowieagea that a decision of the party's national na-tional board, -its top strategy council, would determine when a "Fascist" regime did in fact exist and when it should be attacked by force. The people would have no voice. Then, as a sign of the latitude the Communists use in defining "Fascism," Green admitted he had declared publicly that the Tru man administration is paving the way for it and that present American Amer-ican government constitutes a "capitalist - democratic dictatorship." Thus the Communists nave moved from a flat insistence that they favor peaceful methods to a statement that they believe force is justified when any government they wish to call "Fascist" stands in the way of the revolution they are promoting. That statement is their current position. In spite of these striking changes in argument, in spite of many admissions that the judge himself plainly regards as damaging dam-aging to their case, the Communists-are pushing ahead without slackening effort. Before too many weeks have passed, a jury will decide whether they represent a regular political party devoid of traitorous intent or a criminal conspiracy masquerading masquer-ading as a legitimate party to cover their true objectives. 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But of all their possible children, half are . likely to in herit the mothers blood type rather than the father's In which cases there is no danger. In Dec. 1947, Dr. Louis K. Diamond Dia-mond of Boston, Mass., discovered that many Rh blood-matching tests were inaccurate. But the use of albumin in the test eliminates false results. The Rh test consists in mixing J the blood of the patient tested with blood of known Rh character. char-acter. Animal Blood Cheaper If the red cells of the patient's blood begin to stick together under un-der the microscope, the bloods are incompatible and the character of the patient's blood is thus established. Human albumin also can be used in the test, but it is very expensive. ex-pensive. The bovine albumin Used in one test costs about five cents. Albumin, a protein, makes up about 2 per cent of whole animal blood, and about half of the total proteins f the plasma. It was first extracted from cattle cat-tle blood by Armour and Company Com-pany chemists early in Worjd War vard university. It was turned over to Armour to work out production pro-duction problems. The company began marketing it last May. ... Test Important The albumin test is important for all prospective parents or for those who need blood transfusions. transfu-sions. Approximately 10,000 births a year involve the Rh factor. If the condition Is not known or prepared for, it may result In abortion or stillbirth, death or imbecility for the baby involved. The condition can be controlled in many cases by complete substi tut ion transfusion i.e., the exchange ex-change of all dangerous blood of the newborn child. Fresh Rh negative blood If pumped In as the Infant's own polluted blood is pumped out It must be done as soon after birth as the symptoms are recognized-Attempts recognized-Attempts are now being mad to find a drug which, will destroy safely the Rh antibodies in th mother. 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