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Show Well, WW Do Vou Know 1 1$ fun, games and knowledge v. by MARTHA GLAUBER SHAPP, Edtor, The New Book of Knowledge How to send messages in cipher and code If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing writ-ing in secret. Ciphers are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed. Secret writintr that uses codes and ciDhers is called crvntotrraohv. Ciphers are divided into two types: transposition and substitution. substi-tution. In transposition ciphers the letters of the message are jumbled. To construct a simple transposition cipher, write the "clear," or original, message in horizontal lines containing an equal number of leters in each line. The message MEET ME AT FOUR TOMORROW might look like this: MEET MEAT FOUR TOMO RROW Decide on some route to follow, such as up and down the columns, col-umns, and copy the letters in that order. If you start at the Upper left-hand corner and go down the first column and up the next, the message will read MMFTR ROOEE EAUMO WORTT. The person receiving the jumbled message must know or must figure out what route was followed. Then he can reconstruct re-construct the message. In a substitution cipher the letters of the message do not change their order. Instead, other letters are substituted for the message letters. Every R in the message might be replaced by a T, every P by a B, and so on. To put a message into a simple substitution cipher, write out the alphabet. Then underneath under-neath it, write down the 26 letters let-ters of the alphabet in any order you wish. Substitute the letter in the bottom line for the letter in the top lme whenever it appears in the message. If the person receiving re-ceiving the secret message does not know the key which letter was substituted for which he may still be able to decipher the message. He will try different letters of the alphabet, beginning begin-ning with the ones most often used. In English the letter E is used most often, so E would be tried in place of the letter that appears most frequently in the cipher. The letter T is the next most used, so it would be tried i for the next most frequent letter let-ter in the cipher, and so forth. Here is a simple cryptogram, or secret message, based on a substitution cipher: XOPPS OBE YTLE MQOSLE CB YCT QXC EOSM And here is the solution: Wally and Fred stayed on for two days. Codes are worked word by word instead of letter by letter: Because it would be very difficult diffi-cult to learn a code by heart, a code book must be used. Secret codes that are spoken rather than written are called jargon codes. In jargon codes important impor-tant words are replaced by other words that seem to make sense when put together in a sentence. For instance, a list of code words may show that the jargon word LIBRARY stands for JACK'S HOUSE, MEET stands for GO,, and ALWAYS stands for NOT.; The sentence WE ALWAYS MEET AT THE LIBRARY would be decoded as DO NOT; GO TO JACK'S HOUSE. Secret-languages Secret-languages like pig Latin are a form of jargon code. They fpl-low fpl-low one simple rule. In pig. Latin the rule is to move the first letter of each word to the end of the word and add the letters AY. DOG becomes OG-DAY. OG-DAY. CATCHER becomes ATCHERCAY. FT'NING 1 1 f(i allsweet 1 1 fggj FRANCO- II Qi HILLS I iRTENING " feS AMERICAN j BROS. T MARGARINE SPAGHETTI OP COFFEE TALL CANS 53 2 71' 689' 3T6 LBS. M M CANS JJ LB. CAM I Pl' MEATS CORNED BEEF m$m. tft TILL JULY 15th d lbs. to 16 lbs. LB. TaTT '"c SLIED BAC0W QAf HA BONELESS I U 71 n I M.LD WESTERN "1 V Q -SIRLOIN STEAK m W CHEESE TEXAS CUT w fftSLflf I TOP ROUND lb. $1 29 i h-J& 1 RUMP R0AST lb- $109 i-ESONE STEAKS lb. $1.49 SIRL0IN TIP R0AST lb Sirloin tip steaks ib. o 1 boneless heel roast ib. 89c JEEF SAUSAGE H I 1.29 Jl! "I GEISHA M-02. Cans -WrfO I MANDARIN ORANGES CL 95c 4 il V r ' 1 DURKEE'S Quarts JF '" IhOLLS SALAD DRESSING 37c Vb tyltO A fl rk",' 1 ZOOPER DOOPER ri MisJ POPSICLES g 139? I uiiij!WVvra""wES4 ftk H0LUNI1 K3 1 a i a Ms tJ"d ' - rl O y Provo Springville J(L2 Gallon 0 0 American Fork Orem (For a free booklet, "The Magic Carpet," illustrated in color from The New Book of Knowledge, send name and address to Martha Glauber Shapp, Box 47, Putnam Valley, New York 10579.) |