Show ODAY and TOMORROW i by ny VALTFR V UPTMANN UPPMAM L L ni il total war sand nnd stnd oo 00 existence III 111 it must have lieemed scomed schmed to to a crude vcrslmpllfiallor oversimplifln atoil itoil of tin tilt problem when they road in ill preceding eding tding article chrit thnt thrit he fdcologlcal reelogical ide ree logical conflict of if our mir rige UK the contemporary form forin of wars of religion could he lie and should be translated translaten tran slaten inlo into it oi i test over territory it docs does I 1 would agree define tho proll ill in far simpler terms ihrn thm ahm it now the fashion to use in fpal spfak fp safak al ing ng of the ideological war to define the problems hlnplv illipiv i and concretely Is not to siy say and to suggest that lio the prib problem lern tan n bo be solved easily emily or cheaply on oil tho the contrary nothing Is r so 0 o rare in human history as a pac peaceable paceahie eahie change in the sovereign control of disputed landa luids landq if therefore I 1 have simplified the tile definition of the problem it Is not because I 1 think the prob problem lerry does not continue to be the hardest and the most danger dangerous ouR we ha h1 have f rv er had to solve tramlallon trarislation Tram lallon but I 1 do think also that un tin less ideology can be translated into geography the conflict can not be dealt with by diplomats and military strategists the diplomats can of course make speeches about anything and everything but if they me mean to deal with the conflict not merely Y to agitate it and talk about it they must come down to geography in fact it may be said that in any conflict which could lead to war the diplomats and strategists must find some way to reduce it to a conflict over so some place 1 ce on the surface of the globe t if they cannot do that then the conflict is beyond them or below them or above them it is not a conflict which can be settled by organized warfare or bv diplomatic agreements for ev cry ery treaty or agreement which settles or purports to settle a mortal conflict is essentially a map every war has a geographical objective which is to be de fended bended or captured or destroyed dynastic wars religious wars nationalist wars wars of independence mendence pendence pen en imperialist wars all fave have had to be fought for and settled in terms of territory they have been fought to 1 enlarge or to reduce the domain of this king or of that one the great religious conflict between the greek and the latin church between christendom and islam between protestantism and catholicism all ended in a division of territory the nationalist wars and the wars of independence pen dence have ended in the fixing of national frontiers the imperialist wars have ended in the recognition of colonies dependencies penden cies protectorates protect orates and spheres of influence continued rivalry the rivalry of kings of 0 churches of nations and of empires has continued but in so far as the rivalry led to war or could be regulated by diplomacy the issue that had to be decided was the control of territory what could not be settled by the conquest or the defense or territory or by treaties fixing the boundaries of power and sovereignty over ever the territory was beyond the diplomats and the strategists that is equa equally ily true of ideological conflicts the monroe doctrine for example expressed among other things the ideolog ideology leal ical antagonism of the young american republic to the monarchical arch ical system of europe the americans stood for freedom and they held that the europeans stood for despotism but these convictions became a policy to be upheld by diplomacy and by war only wh when en they were translated into geographical terms only when monroe declared that we meant to defend freedom against despotism despOtIs rn in the western hemisphere our own civil war was W not fought to abolish slavery but to decide dccldr whpthpr whethpir UP tb south should xtiil pxt11d the tile slave economy into tile western lcrrltorlpn ierrftorles when whey wilson critel nand ntnd nt nd d the war against agfilnit I 1 oprminv lerniativ lir lit proclaimed an ide ollcl 01glval oll cl purpore that the wor lot 11 mit murt bp be made abc rafe afc for d dm dmo amo m carcy rancy rrncy crrcy hut bot it WB was not until into late in tho the war hint that hf lie lot lost lili 10 way and lipgptl b km to to rny sav that the world mint he lit mafic democratic A world anade mndc inade safe rafe for tho the count rips that were dpmocratlr derylocratio was a IIB big ohjfctlvo otjtive but it wai was it rnl t181 ral bitable izable itable objective it could bo be achieved ly by defeating and do de torring trrrlng aggression against the tile particular countries hat that wore were denio lcitxx ritac ritlc ilir itir nut a war to make tile world democratic to make germany china india and all tho the other democracies democracici democracieq was however ad admirable mirabl e as an aspirant aspirat aspiration ion a dangerous n and n d an intoxicating illusion for a statesman and a war leader to entertain and to to set h hoforp corp forp his people confidence my own confidence in the view that real objectives arc are concrete and geographical Is confirmed by what has happe happened ried in the conflict with the soviet union almost all of the agreements we have made with the soviet union have been broken however there is one agreement perhaps the most important of all the agreements we made with it which has never been violated it is the one which fixes the boundary lines in europe and in asia between the red armies and the military forces of the western owners I 1 bat iat that agreement was territorial and therefore it was so concrete and so definite that to violate it was to commit an overt and indisputable breach of the peace in contrast with it virtually all the other agreements have been failures all the agreements to collaborate in germany to collaborate in berlin to collaborate in korea all the agreements to establish democratic institutions within the orbit of the soviet army all the I 1 agreements to work harmoniously in the united nations to solve the problems of the new stal taite tiite x wlilch will11 prip pr frn fr n 110 trblni trblm sampl slmpl wrnplo I 1 1 10 I lo not think theofore therfore ther forr fore that I 1 kiive tiive I 1 aq vq oversimplified the h pob 1 iam ipm 0 n ilil 1 in 5 sn 1 ink ing th lint t the tile issue be b twfpn til tle e soviet union and the I 1 Atl atlantie atlnptlc atlantle antle comrniinlty cotnnwyllt run can IIP lie d de filli fill i in it armi lerniq lernis prmi of if I 1 he ie rrlforlps ferritotleq that sit arr nrr it ID 10 uspulo 10puie puie the ld itifdogl alog olog I 1 en cal cnl wa mav tie global anti nnd and tin annl nnl I 1 vrrinl verqnl allut ihit illut the it llplcmnllc ivinalic Ivin alic mid and mollt mlllt military iry conflict wath wfth w pill tip tile soviet govemmeyt novpriimr nt li Is about particular countries coiintrkt countrieq for I 1 or there thre would tn ng a matter of fact net bp be no nrrtnl tywirtni conflict will with 1111411 111141.1 11114 11 nint ahout about the soclnl wlclal and moral order of the world if the iluislan iturqlan Ilu islan armies had never had hid to brosi crosi croqq the th fronlicri fronlierq of the tile sovich suvlct sovict union in order to defeat hitler littler or had lind promptly returned behind the tile soviet fron lipri whon the war was ended if the ned army were not in the center of europe and pressing against all the frontiers which now contain it there would be no more russian prob lem 1cm acm today than there has been for a century and in n my view there would be no communist i i problem in the western w world hotd otd at least that nations with wit h good governments and a royal pol police ice force could not cope with |