Show 0 A war k R 4 E AVA 14 4 1 A T IPA V W 0 ja lil t in 4 0 L 4 A IF 4 d by ELMO SCOTT WATSON tl it old familiar school boy rhyme about bout thy fact that in fourteen han ban D a dred and ninety two columbus galled the ocean blue I 1 need revio have we been wrong all these yean years in ou conr annual celebration of october 12 as discovery DIsc oTery dav tho the answer anser to both questions Is I 1 yes if we are to bellert the results of 0 researches made by a south american scholar A short time fluie ago prof luls luis ulloa director of the peruvian 1 national 11 arary at LI lima ma peru nude viade an address before the congress con cress of in 11 oer ger many which stirred up a world wide discussion among historical scholars in that address he declared that christopher columbis columbia 1 dincov ered Amer america left in 1177 that his hi voyage in 1402 waa was a second voyage that this same columbus Colam hus was not the son of a Cien genoese oese wool weaver eaver as the world has come to believe him to have been but that he was a catalonian Catal onlan corsair aud abd therefore a native of spain an I 1 not of italy after right eight months study among spanish archives in madrid where I 1 found much hither to unknown authentic and ma aerial I 1 can definitely cosert that columbus paid his first frat visit to the new world by way of ireland greenland labrador and 1 said professor ulloa this was before amer leas Ofil official cial discovery dib covery andeel before he was in to contact with the spanish king kin this sarna same columbus lumbus Lo who later captained spanish hips ships to the nest beet indies for a time was a comrade of danish corsairs with whom without the aid of spanish kings bo he made the previous discovery of 0 the american continent documents chich I 1 found further showed that C lumbus was not identical with the son of tb the e genoese woo wool I 1 w weaver paver Domeij domenico ico colum bu but with a corsair who re rebel bellel tel against king juan II 11 of it Ara Zonta onla lie ile was ilso also a relative of a corsair named casinova couillon Coul llon who was wits in the services of louis of france all of which Is certainly revolutionary enough and adis ad Is further to the confusion thit exists among a scholars as to the nativity of columbus but more interesting to ame cans than the question of Colum columbus buss i nationality Is the ques tion of vl whether hether or not the history of this na tion which we hire have become accustomed to date from 1 sho id date from an erent event 15 years earlier and ghether the landing of columbus should be pictured as taking place on bleak northern horo shore of the malalan I 1 of north amer lea ca instead of a palm fringed island in the M est indio 3 according to the I 1 peruvian scholar the date should be 1177 and the place labrador cr or newfoundland d depending ending upon which you pic pie fr r to consider as the chores of america and now as for the discovery in 1 1 ro fessor ulloa declares that our acceptance of that date arises from fromi distortion of historical fact made by a punish scholar nolar tc more than a naury ago here Is to how it came about on april 17 1401 92 their catholic majesties ferdi ferdl nand of aragon and isabela of 0 castile rulers of apai baj signed a contract of capitulations W with ith columbus for the lofficial discovery dIsc oTery of 0 america aich took place in october of that rear year the original document of these capita lations was wits preserved pres erred la the archives of the duke of eracha but its existence seems to b have ar a been unknown to scholars for than thin three wee cen centuries turieL in a cerbu fernandes de Sar barrete war arret rete e published the text nt of the capitulation capitulations asserting that he took it from te tle original document hut but la in reproducing the test text ie le arbitrarily changed ra a essential phrase in it for or reasons which III be revealed later the authentic text states that the concessions granted to columbus were made in recompense tor for hat bat be he has ha dincov ered ha in the th seas of tie tte ocean and of the voyage that he Is now with the help of cod god to make upon alem navarrete wrote it in recompense for that what be he Is to discover he i de do and of the voyage that be he Is now with the help of god clod to make upon them bo be by ing arting the word ide de and changing the letters in another word the spanish scholar put in the future what as already la in the p pas a st thus p profoundly ro affected the writing ot of all future history and gave gae to american americans as to the rent rest of the world the d te to of 1402 to remember instead of ome some previous pr eTlou date aj for the reasons hleb led navarrete to male make the grammatical alteration professor ullo ulloa ays says the old spanish chronicler chroniclers socially the writers la in the pay of the tine kings did not try to write the real history of the dincov cry ery but rather the apologia of the ferdinand and isabella la in the enterprise the inquisition contributed in to great part to this arding oft off of criticism As the inquisition had been established by these rulers some soine yen before 1102 1401 its analysts and apologists bar have maintained that the discovery of ki was only the recompense given by god to I 1 and isabella for the foundation of th this Is famo fadoul as tribunal the chroniclers and anti inquisitor inquisitors have presumed umed in general to take from columbus and to 0 o adi adl it to the catholic mon arcas arar particularly isabella in this way aay it came about that thi sho was made the real inspirer of the discovery and Cu rA lambus Iambus the instrument nelch she he employed the real history as I 1 have already shown by documents in my books I 1 contrary to this th exaggerated apologia of the catholic monarchs mon archa and especially of isabella whom the in and modern admirers bare have regarded as a salat saint and the grand of columbus tar lar from that isabella opposed even more than her uso and the proposals and demands of colum bus bending herself rather to win from him the tb secret he concealed she did dot not consent tr V deal with columbus until he was about to depart to seek the protection of a foreign king she the malo mad e up her mind 11 hen 11 rough coc gh the la in tion of be former confessor I 1 ether juan I 1 leres eres it was he be wl ato a drew up the convention a she be became convinced that thit the affair as abs absolutely certain since the discovery discor ery had alrea already ly len made the inquisition and the historian historians w who ho served it could cot not make public the truth which aich would so far reduce the credit of I 1 ta bel bella a an for bis his evidence that columbus d sc covered america before 1491 92 2 professor Iro fessor ulloa acs about it lu this av after queen isabella died a hl hah h tribunal was wee established to adjust the wrong wrongs which had been done to various persons through tho the failure of the queen to carry out prom lies the sh bad had made ts to them among thera them was columbus Co lambas awl he presented a memorial to the tribunal in which be he complained that neither ferdin find nor lea 1194 hell bad tarried oat out live the provisions fit of his I 1 now falious in bis big rp pear pears this thi significant paragraph raph and since from the age of twenty egliht year years he colum bus hail had served tn in the enterprise and the con quest of tie the said indie indies doing for their high nesses a so 0 o treat great and 9 service without expense to the royal treasury and without dan ger to their object subjects and ita ith to 0 o much of brodt end nd ue use iness for these kingdoms an Is well known la in all the world nud it rai in his power to render thi this to any other christian king kin without burden to bis his conscience an I 1 they have not carried out v ith hira him the maid capita lattora and they have not kept nor execute ue tre said privileges graces races an I 1 confirmations as they bad had promised at the time of accordine them to him thus says professor dilou columbus had begun to discover and even to conquer the in dies that Is our present day arnrich am when he was not more than twenty eight year years old furthermore for this enterprise he had no sup up port from the monarch monarchs either la in money or men it li Is evident that these circumstance circumstances stances cannot be related to the expedition of 1102 because it Is well known that at this I later iter date columbus lambus Ci was wits much more than twenty eight yours years old and also because by virtue of the capitulations the monarch monarchs supplied him with money men and ships hen could this conlu conquest est of which colam colum bus peaks speaks in hi his memorial which we hate hato buted hare have bad had its beginning vie s bare have known own for a loni long time and in a positive poil tire manner that his on son diego wa was born about and that fro from in t this big d date ate col columbus umbus had not left portugal and spain until august 1402 1401 when he be met et out on the official discover consequently C it was before that the predl predis overy was made I 1 should add that ben hen he died in ISM he nai as a core ore than sixty ears old 1 therefore one mut must put his age at twenty fight between 1470 and USO As A fur for the I 1 chrovian scholar a method of tu ing dg 1477 as the date of columbus a first discor cry of america be he bases it upon a passage la to the attributed to dun don fernando bernando the son of columbus which was a biography of 0 columbus one passage la in 14 it cr je according accord toz to the book from columbus Colam bua himself and IQ in it columbus beclar I 1 that lo 10 february 1477 he salted galled as far ai as tile iceland aud and een aoe hundred league beyond let us BOW now mark that columbus says that at this date be went leagues beyond ice land say says ulloa those who deny the sera veracity city of the great mariner assume that this league leagues should be measured toward the tb north and that columbus then boull bays come near the pole as far as a 78 do derece dc grees rece u which hibb 1 Is impossible put ai as curly as the first year of the seventeenth century the italian annalist bioni labont correctly interpreted ai as I 1 haru have done the phrase of columbus the true meaning of which places this leagues to the west casona thu thus understood tha it was wa Gre greenland onland which the discoverer dis cower had toc bed 80 tha tb time may come when our divo lbook histories hd may tell ui us a different tale of the dis covery of america from the on one we now know and perhaps american schoolboys will re repent pent a 4 couplet different from in fourteen hundred and ninety two columbu columbus 1 the ocean blae w 1 I III it b be christopher Lut umbus by the grace of f hea hean ii readied reached orth america la in fourteen IS a bf b warters dowil |