Show J n P t tV V r v vi 4 i 1 i i t I J i t 1 1 1 I I l O L r. r f i 0 t. t V 1 C 4 I. I f J I t I r r fr tI f 1 f I iy I o- o 1 LOAD OD OF HAPPINESS P S 1 I By ELMO SCOTT WATSON LONDAY O September 3 marks th forty- forty ca sixth anniversary of ot a holiday which Is a red letter event on all American calendars For that Is Labor day the a I. I day J y which all workers If they observe I the tradition of ot its founding should make a a festival d day y with parades sp speechmaking speech and picnics Of c- c 1 course the manner manne of our celebrating all of our holidays undergoes undergo s a change through th the ye years rs and this applies to Labor day ey even n though It Is one of at the youngest ro as well as ns to the others But It Is interesting c t to note bow how Labor day first came into r bel being ig a and d how It was celebrated four tour decades ago go v The history of or Labor day as told by a chronicler chron icier In the Tribune Herald-Tribune of New Y York rk where It St originated Is as follows s A little group cf cr workers In New York city city heard the suggestion marking the birth birth of of L Labor bor i t F day and creating a holiday which has encircled th the globe The Idea originated May 8 1882 at a aI a session of the then newly formed Central Labor I f f union of the metropolis Its sponsor was vas P P. P J J. J Mcf McGuire MeGuire Mc- Mc Guire who was vas one ne of the best known labor leaders L of his day da- for many years secretary of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America and a vice president of the American Federation I i r r of Labor McGuIres McGuIre's thought was that one day In the year should be set aside as a general holiday for f for r the themen men and women who toll In its Initial form the k plan contemplated a Labor day pure and simple 7 for observance by those who work with hands and muscle The first celebration of the holiday took 4 place in New York September 6 5 1882 Since that modest beginning the world has taken Labor day to Its heart as one of the most important Important Important tant holidays on the calendar r. r The Tho voice of McGuire has been heard r round und the world and by all classes classe of the population Labors Labor's holiday has become an International Institution for millionaires and workers work work- ers alike a alike a festival of ot relaxation and recuperation recuperation recuperation tion for all strata of tics the so social lal structure No holiday holiday holi- holi day of the y year ar has greater popularity A basic reason for the vogue of Labor day is to tobe tobe tobe be found In the wisdom shown by Its originator In choosing the date for the celebration McGuIres McGuIre's choice was the first Monday In September as a 8 strategic date midway between the Fourth o oi July and Thanksgiving day His feeling that this was tho the most suitable day of tho the entire year for a anew new holiday found ready echo in the minds of 01 r workers offering a respite from toll toil after the blistering we weather ther of July and A August gust Everybody was ready redy for a rest Test at this particular season and there was prompt response to the suggestion of n II double holiday over Sunday and Monday In recent re reo 1 cent years there has been a pro pronounced ou ced tendency toward a triple holiday causing ca the rest period tr J extend from Friday evening to Tuesday morning rooming No other holiday of the year ear offers similar tage tace year in and year out a After the New York celebration of 1882 the larity of Labor day dar grew with increasing swiftness I I until It had extended to practically every state Jn n the Union it n now w covers the island possession of Hawaii Porto Rico and Rico and tho the Virgin Islands rf ft Formal action toward nat nationalizing the holiday t was was taken by the predecessor of the American Fed Fed- of Labor at Its annual convention in n Chicago Chi cago In October 1884 The body was known n at a. t the Federation of ot Organized Trades and Labor f Unions of the United States and Canada then tour fout years of age and strikingly small In comparison r with the mighty federation of today At tho the Chi Chicago Chicago Chicago cago convention for example there were vere but r ty ty six delegates representing a constituency of 01 nineteen international unions local bodies and cert cen I labor unions The annual report of the financial finan cial officer baker placed the years year's expenditures at r 20 I with a treasury treasur balance of at the end of the the- fiscal period This offers strange con the recent report of the federation showing a s receipts of and a balance of more than At the Chicago convention the delegates adopted a resolution intended to give Labor day observance national Importance The resolution stipulated that the first 1 Monday In September should be set apart as a R J laborers laborers' na national national- lona holiday and mended mende Its observance by all wage wago workers irrespective Irrespective Irre Irre- of sex calling or nationality Popular response for spontaneous but untiring effort and operation co-operation on the part of organized labor were required for the procurement of lc legal gal sanction for the tho suspension of work Congress and state legislative 0 bodies received vigorous and In insistent In- In requests for the tho enactment of ot federal l and anda state laws recognizing the day as a legal holiday y Ten y years ars elapsed before the passage of ot a n congressional con con- gressional net act establishing the tho first Monday in September ae IU a legal holiday for tho the District of at O X O OTHE g THE THINKER Back of the beating hammer By which the steel Is wrought Back of the workshops workshop's clamor 1 The Tho seeker may find the Thought The Thought that Is ever master Of Iron and steam stearn and steel That rises above disaster And tramples It under heel The Tho drudge may fret tret and tinker Or labor with dusty dUfty blows But But back back backof of him stands the Thinker The clear eyed clear eyed man who knows For Into each plow and saber Each piece and part and whole Must go the Brains of Labor W Which ves the he work a Soul Back of the motors humming Back of ot the bolts belts that sing Back of the hammers drumming Back of the cranes cranes that swing There Is the eye which scans them Watching through stress and strain There Is the Mind Hind which plans them them them- Back of the brawn the Brain l. l Might of the roaring roaring- boiler bollor Force of the engines engine's thrust Strength of the sweating toller toiler Greatly In those we trust But back of them stands the Schemer The Thinker who drives things through Back of ot the Job the Job the Dreamer I Who's making the dream come true Berton Bertoti Braley O O Columbia and the territories Oregon has anticipated anticipated anticipated antici antici- tho the federal law by legislative act passed In 1893 Other states fell tell in line one by one one until the day now ranks as a legal holiday throughout the United States In most states the status Is s established established through statutory provision In Wisconsin and Wyoming tho the observance comes omes through proclamation proclamation proclamation proc proc- by the governors In the Philippines the celebration takes place on May 1 I In accordance accordance accordance accord accord- ance with European custom The May day celebrations in Continental Europe owe their origin to American initiative This foreign foreign foreign for for- eign adoption of the McGuire M idea came about In connection with the hour eight-hour movement Inaugurated inaugurated by the American Federation of f Labor in 1889 The same year brought a meeting of the International Labor Congress In Paris To this meeting a letter was addressed by Samuel Gomp Gompers Compere rs president of the American body urging that the International organization should operate co-operate with the hour eight-hour movement by making a declaration declara tion of sympathy In his letter pers Gom-pers Gon pers appealed for demonstrations in all European countries to be conducted on May 1 of the tho following year The congress complied and started the machinery for widespread continental demonstrations on May 1 1890 In this way it came about that the Gompers Gt suggestion suggestion sug was the Instrument which created May 1 as the Labor day of Europe The start starl made In 1890 caught the fancy of European work worle worlee e and May fay day became the recognized time for demonstrations demon all over the continent In one respect there has been an important difference dif dlf ference between the observance of Labor day Inthe in inthe inthe the United States and the practice of European workers with reference to the first of May The American holiday is of recreational character while European w workers have tended to exaggerate ate the system as a means of ot emphasizing their organized demands and ances antes The result of the early demonstrations was wal t to invite governmental opposition with frequent clashes between the workers and the police pollee or military military mili mill tary forces In latter years however tho the May day observance has haD been given more largely to cessation cessation cessa cessa- tion lion of work parades meetings mt and commemorative commemorative commemorative exercises devoid of violence or disturbance Europe has been slower than the United States In granting legal status as a holiday to the day selected by labor as the tho time for annual celebration celebration tion lion The countries have recognized the first fitt of May as us a legal holiday are Austria CzechoSlovakia Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Czecho Czecho- slovakia Esthonia Finland and Madeira South American nations recognizing the tho date are Colombia Colom Colom- bia Ecuador and Uruguay Latin America In n general general general gen gen- eral follows the European custom of celebrating May day and tho the day is a legal holiday In and Panama That the tho McGuire idea Uca has spread round the world Is shown by the tho circumstance that many British colonies and possessions posses have their own Labor days Canada celebrates the first Mon Monday ay In September In keeping with the United States custom Newfoundland observes September 2 2 Queensland and Western Australia foll follow W Eu European practice and observe the May Eight Hour day is observed on April 21 In Victoria Australia Australia Australia Aus Aus- on October 6 In New South Wales and on October 14 In South Australia The basic Idea In all these countries is that which was voiced by P P. J. J McGuire in 1882 Mention of at the difference between the observance observance observance ance of at Labor day In this country and in Europe where It was was the occasion for demonstrations to emphasize their organized demands and grievances grievances an ances es recalls the fact tact that there was a n time inthe Inthe in inthe the early history of Labor day in this country when the greatest concern of at American workingman working- working man was for the t-he right of at labor That concern was expressed In an editorial uttered by the late Samuel Gompers In the first Labor day editorial which he wrote after congress had made It a legal holiday hoBday The editorial which appeared in inthe the UlE American for tor September follows In the cycle of ot time we are again on the dawn of ot our most most Important national holiday hollday Labor holiday Labor day Most Important since It for the first time In inthe too the history of the world devotes a n. day to the recognition of the fact that the wage earners must hereafter be regarded as the Important factor In Inthe Inthe inthe the economy of ot life In this day when so many look upon the tho dark sIde of the tho progress of the la labor labor labor la- la bor movement and predict worse things in store for the laborer It Is not amiss to direct attention to the fact tact that the life of the human family Isone is isone isone one vast struggle and that though the progress s Is not as swift as we as well as our impatient brothers and sisters of labor would like It to be yet the fact tact that In out our decade we can see the rights of labor more clearly defined the tho vantage ground obtained and obtaining a clearer Insight Into the existing wrongs the more intelligent perception perception perception per per- and determination to achieve labors labor's rights The past year has witnessed sed several contests some of them defeats but though defeated In the immediate object sought they have awakened a anew anew anew new conscience In the American people and will c contribute more more to the thorough organization of the wage workers of our country than hundreds of meetings speeches or pamphlets The great grent conquering conquering con- con armies In the history of the world have 3 had their reverses and the labor movement cannot t expect to be an exception to that rule Each defeat defeat de der feat acts as a n trenchant warning to the toilers of If America that error must mut b bo be avoided that Intelligence Intelligence intelligence Intelli Intelli- gence must and that no success can an come to them unless It Is through their own efforts ant and their the own organization and by their persistency manifested Pessimism results in to Indifference lethargy and Impotency and this In turn simply permits the corporations corporations corporations cor cor- and trusts and the entire capitalist cla clogs clas s sto to filch from the toller toiler rights which have ha ben been dearly bought The organizations of labor must be thorough and com complete pIe to and above e all must be permanent Those organizations which arise like a Hash flash In the pan only go to show how arduous Is the struggle le before the toller toiler In order to overcome the antagonism antagonism antal- antal of the wealth producing classes classe- of our r-oun r try Today more than ever the toilers recognize how essentially they are aro thrown upon their own re resources resources resources re- re sources that they have few if any outside their own ranks who sympathize with them in their efforts for tor the emancipation of mankind Toilers organize Let us carry on th th- th goo good work and in a few more revolutions of earth upon Its axis we shall have a bettor better world world world-a a better better bettor bet bet- ter tor mankind Waiting will not accomplish It 1 de deferring deferring de- de ferring till another time will not secure it It Now Is s the time for the workers of America to come to the standard of their unions and to organize e as thoroughly completely and compactly as Is possible ble Let each worker bear In 10 mind the words of Longfellow In the worlds world's broad field of or battle In the tho bivouac of life liCe Bo De not like dumb driven cattle Be a hero In the strife There r cre is one significant statement In that editorial elli edit tonal by the Grand Old Man of at American Labor t For toor or when Samuel Gompers uttered the words Intelligence must prevail he vas as giving ln It lt tho the keynote of what was destined to prove plO Its soundest soundest sound sound- est and most successful policy In the thc years which have followed since that editorial was written however the thc spirit of at American labor us as exemplified In Labor day has changed It is s still JJ steadfast for the right of or labor but it Is also conscious of or the responsibility ity of ot labor as well velh Today roday the tho American laborer Is the most prosperous of any In the world wend and that Is because he has brought to fx his task an intelligent conception of ot both Its ItS' rights and It obligations a n consciousness of at the dignity of or his hll Job no matter what It may be so long Ions as ns he does doel it well and as a thinker us as well as a n doer be beIs beIs beIs Is the backbone bone of at the |