| Show I 1 TRANSPORTATION rO T IIO AND CARE f OP Of SOIL Il What Agencies Are at Work Re Renewing Renewing Renewing it I for Mans Sake ON THE LAND AND THE SEA SEAlie IM lie ln I n Direction 1 for Ih I li I e ls i ind And nd for rr nf oI II At t the tl l lesson M n at ci the tl slip ally ly tf the t transportation t of ot soils U l hy natural agencies was I fleet Ant ft aj If ike ken If tiC I ba 11 hay ote observed rv 4 how hw storms WH over Oer th II t surface rt of th tl the land Ind uproot trees ee anti and an carry I 81 soil but the th I he quieter wInds wint do d a 1 greater because ba a s amore smore more mort nt work wk On sandy Ind beech beach c Cs and an deaerts rL the th dried lr send mud Is La II often oren Into forms forma form called fal sand dunes dUMa sometimes M dl or li feet feel high Such Sucha SUh SUha a mil mi ridge may ingy I I face a fa eec a beach bh for lor many OF or CITIES Whenever there them 1 I is loo lD e sand Hand Id th tl prevailing winds wind Ind gradually Pile nil pit it I tip imp In long wave wavon II or ridges with Ih Ith gradual ascent t on the side Ild from tm mm w n Men the tle wind win lone and n n ci I steep t p descent on the op up opposite IIII or tee lee le side Id of oC th Ih the wind Thu wind Aud buries etalon arid and anc oven even ill 1 Uge and nd cities In the isles Ule lel hundreds of ot acres Irrel of val vai valuable 1 usable libe land have he been hren hem overwhelmed by ly bythe lythe the Ih drifting sand from fromn trl the ie sea H On Oi the te shores thoren of the Hay Pl I of Biscay mI the th duties dunes dUl which are arl there heaped 1 up by th the westerly w pl rl gales gale I march INIch Inland Inland at H it I rate rl I of GO 60 or to 70 feet fet a year lr No o 0 natural or artificial I II Is able bi to with ith stand Mand their the ancient He Ito Heman moan man roads JI together with wih liable field woods wood o and villages la I MV re i in rapid uc sue le cession are I formed feinted and lud then burying the kt thus formed On 01 th Ih the Hh All ra and In Arabia Arbi the name sante Is over Or great areas Arl while hl In our nur tur two own 1 desert the thi of 0 sand MII go on In a smaller way 1 In Central Asia sis 11 the Ih air I II is often oten thick with lh a fine ni w dust dunt the lh sun comm fUI en o 0 ir at t mid midd dav dat d that thaI I is required to t reed read t The Th dust l settles settle Ni a a see a fin fIne sediment gradually and lud finally bury burying bul log ing th Ih ha remain of oC th II the ancient cities 1 Nineveh and amid other historic hl lorle sites appear I Pla to have 1 been covered up In this manner iA II nf P OF or GLACIAL ACTION rIO Only in a few In en t lees In Utah Ilah do we w I fud teal Ial glaciers so 8 that the t action of ur these of Ut can n not well be observed When hn w we f ascend 1 a glacier wel r we find the Ib lee Ice I tyIng lying 1111 In II a vat vast ul sl sheet t tIlling the valley 11 or rIM ravin down which thIs 01 Stake driven Itin ameN tb lb the surface show b that thai It moves down 1101 the th alley lt from frOn rein 20 0 to 10 IT i Inh i ier r ilay dl il In tt the tibe center and from 1 II to 10 15 HI Inches at the th sides The glacier 1 carrion carries carll the stones I I oneil that thuI fall fail from the IIII tim crumbling cliffs and amid deposit II O UI them at the end 1 of It its course ou where h It melts Its ere aM or den ticen u uIt Its It waterfalls and moraine terminal lateral antI and lId medial m dIMI IH It blocks Its Ita creat I at stones depo It ted lied Us Its It erosive awl and polishing It ad Ions Ion texts teats on geol etc tte tl are ar till 1111 In to lilt SOIL OF 0 OCR lIED meu lIEDThe The action Of the ocean a I as a I r rIs Is Illustrated at t the th mouth of the Amazon mazon where the Gulf bit doom car carriS Ir riS diment observed by b sailors WO rol mile mUM mike from frem the IIII river s mouth As i a re ic r cult ulI the th Amazon Amaron has ha no delta Hut In Inthe inthe i the th Albermarle and ami sounds und oft i the hJ eastern Im eo eit t of the United l States Stales the till pediment Is III not swept wept away by lIy th Ih tIlt lulf stream On the contrary the th tide lid bars bu chili 11 here are At forming the th great will wilt presentlY pr become Wands islands much like Ilk the great Swamp off urr the th out COM of the Ih some same P me locality beauty and nd formed In the same name way Wit fly Ity r reason ren of this transporting power fIO of the lI a currents curr nl which carry earry wily only nl the pediment the greeter greater r deptH d pt of or the thes thesaL s saL a are uniformly covered by b deposits lt of fine rd red and lid gray gra days clays Ill mingle with lh fragments of nt volcanic oU rock tork called colled pumice These Thee tine tin clays clay II are Irl re mostly moUI derive I from froni the of ot volcanic net t drifted aero ro th tt tP ocean oreen with nith thee the th day clAys dA are It of course the bones of ss sess II animate animal aria ana the remains of ot peculiar forms form of If minute plants or animals A pall pale ed Nt deposit depolt In the th southern f oceans U Is I composed ot of f th ItI the siliceous JOV lellI 01 tit small email plants called diatoms diatom On th thA Atlantic A floor noor a I light II mud yel yellow 11 low to sticky tIck and aDd full nil of or very vr small shells shell of a minute animal which lives hives throughout the ocean Oa and when dead Mad to the IIII bottom ANALYSIS OF 01 son SOU Have the Ihl children bring a sample of common wit MIL Weigh It II Dry r I the soil 1011 by b heating It and amid weigh 1111 again to 10 the amount of ot organic matter Put rul It through a coarse Min Weigh the part that paw through or hatter better the part pert retained by b the salve t Then UM use a finer Hh for 10 cents tnt buy bur at It a aMore tore store the different wire cloths loth for fot and again welsh neigh 1 th the tbt part re tt tamed l t tee a still finer s salve Hh lv ant and as III before To separate the Am mm from tb the clay cI both of ot which have ba passed through the finest t salve eve IP stir Ur the soil roll In Ir water ater and Ind l let t the tile muddy al flow ort off of till t III It I Is a quite clear Then dry dr and weigh th t the sand nd In most men Polls the flue fine sand and the clay rIy I wilt wili b be II roughly equal ual In weight To Tn show shoe ho hoth the th use us lit of ot the he sand It capillary at till fill two to om out with lIh sail 1 the other with Jine sand nand make milk a pinhole In th the rioted closed end nd ot nt each and Invert In t the tub tube In ver very shallow water waler wat r The sand nd will m draw d u uthe Ul uthe the water th tM the most rapidly Make Ik ap o application as to the effect on Irrigation of or sand In soil fIOlI Take Tak the Ih trap t rat of both tubs tubes tu when dry again In and me place In tn strong drone sunshine In a few tn minutes 1 take the tb temperatures again tb the sand land Moat hat I much 11 the more rapidly Put them tn In a cool fool place inee and anft again ar ln test with the thermometer The antl cools m mach ch 11 tutu fatter Make Ik implication Ilona CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS BOlLi Soil are a aaa 4 by y th the proportion of ar or day Clar they Ute contain as s fato Name Xa of ot son sell Parts of ord sand Clay CIa CIan Heavy n tta team W to ft ao 11 elA loam tho 71 to I Loan Loam I a u 0 45 Sandy loam II t 7 4 toll Light LI bt 71 to to toll II Thee n n M name n M ar are in common are t and M Mt tb t the rl Mr ese dyes mN te in that 01 Ot e ethe tb the of ot agriculture at la I muon ton aon CARE OARK OF TIlE TH SOIL iOlI OlI The nit following topics I are r Investigated by y experiment end and at It the tae sees saaM tins time I the soil of et the school haftl ganUn Is la pro pre prepared p plied pared for or the planting p U The rUi eon Mr U tam the cleaning plow plowing inc and ami harrowing of at 1 tb toll roil ib the Ule that the dark mil more heat hat will 11 be ha i and Ind h hone nce earlier than Pan ti tit tile light 1 soil coils II under nd th the sane came conditions condition a n as te IH tallon an at c f ci the coarse An fine medium Im M 41 advantage II amount fit of f water alfr frequency fr nt dry f firm farm firming lag ing etc t te ei alkali how redeem redeemed ed Nt redeemable etc to f drain drainage age wed of cf 4 method f precautions precaution |
