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Show VNhin to 1) 1 I ) 5 5 5Overall I Overall Mobilization MobilizationKeeps f ? F - - 1 1Keeps Keeps Kee MobilizationNazis p pGeared Nazism Nazis in Field FieldGeared l : ' J Geared Nation in It1 Peace to Meet Shock of ofTotal ofTotal ? Total War ; Learned From World WorldWar WorldWar WorldWar War J J I Experience . ByBAUKHAGE By BAUKHAGENews BAUKHAGE BAUKHAGEVc I NewJ News /Vc Vc / ii Analyst AnalJt AnaIst ) and Commentator WNU WVU Service Scrvlce Scrvice Union Unlon Trust BuildingWashington BuddingWashington Budding Building BuildingWashington Washington D CThis CThis C CThis ( This is the first of two artIcles artIclesby articlesby articlesby by Mr Baukhage on where Ger Germany Germany Germany many contmues continues to get its fightIng fightIngmanpower fightingmanpower fightingmanpower manpower The Tbe second and conclud concludlug concludIng concluding lug Ing article will appear next w \ eek J ) JPost JPost Post naortem mortem arguments over the theGerman theGerman theGerman German winter wmter counter offensive offensivewill offensivewill offensivewill will probably be fought out from the thearm thearm thearm arm chairs with almost as much bitterne bitterness bit bitterness terne terness s as that which charactenzed characterized characterizedthe charactenzedthe the act actual ctual < .al al . combat Already there are a few who dare dareinSist dareInsist dareInsist inSist that the German come back backmorally backmorally backmorally morally and ph physically ) slcally wis w\s w s was ' \ not notunderestImated notunderestimated notunderestimated underestImated This means that thatGermany thatGermany thatGermany Germany s military preparedness preparednessthe the extent of . which v.luch vluch many knew few fewseemed fewseemed , seemed to be able to assay Just Justhow Justhow Justhow how thoroughly the Third Reich Reichleaders Reichleaders Reichleaders leaders had geared Germany s so socml social social cml cial political pohbcal and economic 1 I tc fe mto into mtototal intototal intototal total war could be read in m terms of offacts offacts offacts facts and figures available to the theexperts theexperts theexperts experts But since smce no state m in his history history history tory had ever so nearly approached appros ap apIpreached -Ipreached Ipreached - proached pros ched the absolute in mil md mul tary taryacbvlty taryactivity taryactivity acbvlty activity it may have been difficult to ! Yt r $ . , y "t t "trr " by byy UL r--r r - - SS guard stands by as Baukhage BaukhageSignS Baukhagesigns Eaukhagesigns SignS out of radio studio in Berhn Berlin Berhnin Berlinin Berlinin in 1939 after broadcast to U Sinterpret S Sinterpret interpret mterpret those facts and figures in interms interms interms terms of come back bach alter after the battle battleof battleof battleof of France FrancePerhaps Perhaps one of the most basIc basIcdatum basicdatum basicdatum datum came not from plans stolen stolenfrom stolenfrom stolenfrom from the Nazi h gh command but butfurmshed butfurnished butfurnished furmshed furnished freely by the associatIon associationof of German ta to lors It proves the old oldadage oldadage oldadage adage that exceptions prove the therule therule therule theruleThe rule ruleThe The rule is that clothes do not notale notake notmake ale ake the man The except onhlch onhsch on onnch hlch hsch nch proves it is the tact fact that In in1939 939 one out ofevery of every three Ger Gerans Gerans Gernans ans was in m some kind kmd of a UDI um UDIorm umorm uniorm orm and therefore under some somend somend someand nd of military mll1tary or semi mil tary tarysClplme tarysciplme taryi scipline sClplme sciplme ether e a ther of the army Itse itself itselfr ! > r of the Nazi party partyudendorffruck partyudendorff , udendorff udendorffruck udendorfftruck truck KeynoteTh KeynoteThp KeynoteThe Keynote Thp The Th " ' day v . war ar broke out about one onelurd onebird onebird lurd bird of the German people were wereterally wereterally wereterally terally clothed in m the panoply of ofar ofar ofar ar Th s . was v.as vas not an accident It Itas Itas Itas as part of the Nazi polie pohcy poll C } ) The TheII Theill II 11 es themselves themsehes more nearly nearlyeached nearlyeached nearlyeached eached a state of o1 total warfare at athe athe athe he end of World War I than did dide dide didhe e Germans of that time bme Luden Ludenorff Ludenorff Ludenorff orff read this tlus fact out of the b tter tteress tteress tteress ess of the defeat of 1918 He said saidtotal saidtotal saidotal total policy pollcy must in m peacetime pre preare preare preare are tor for the people s life 11fe and death deathtruggle deathtruggle deathtruggle truggle in m time of war in such a aay aay aay ay that even under the impact of ofar ofar ofar ar it cannot be shitted shlfted shifted broken or orompletely orompletely orompletely ompletely destroyed by enemy enemyeasures enemyeasures enemyleasures easuresH easures ' . H tier reaffirmed this thesis and andhat andhat andhat hat is more immed Jmmed ately put it Into IntolIect intoelect intoSect lIect elect as a policy pol1cy first by ellmi elimi ellmiating elimisting elimiating ating sting all aU organizations not under underther underther underther ther the party or the army A law lawas lawas lawas as passed as early as March 1935 1935hlch 1935hsch 1SS5hich everyGerman hlch hsch stated that m in wartime every everyerman everyerman erman man and every German Germanoman Germanoman Germanoman oman beyond conscription ISound isound is isound ound to render service to the thetherland thetherland theitherland therland _ _ Let us lookat look at some of the organi organiat organ organat ! at ons which grew up under this thisolicy thisoltcy thisolicy olicy oltcy of total war First Furst in impor impornce impornee Imporance nce nee historically lustorlcally Is the Sturmab " Sturmablung lung translated Nazi Storm Stormroopers Stormroopera Storm'roopers Stormroopers ' roopers roopera abbreviated abhreviated SA and andsuaIly andsually andsually suaIly sually called the Brown Shirts Shirtsthough Shirtsthough ShirtsIthough though this group contained mill mih millry mihry milliry ry units it 11 was planned as a apollt apout apollt pollt pout cal c.l cl . army and was abol shed sheds of931 s such after the Roehm purge of 934 Then it contained contamed three mil milon milon milon on men It was v.as vas . shortly reborn and reformed and starting with a grou groupof group groupof of a million mllllon 200 thousand of the orlgl origi orlglnal original onginal nal group took charge of trammg training trammgpolitical trainingpolitical trainingpolitical political soldiers from childhood up upmdoctrmat uptndoctrinat upindoctrmat mdoctrmat tndoctrinat ng them in NUl Nazc I zi pr nCI nCIpIes ncipies ncipies pIes and also overseeing overseemg mll1tary military mll1tarytrammg militarytraining militarytraining trammg training before service m in the army armyand armyand armyand and again after the cit Clt zen h.d hd had h.dpassed hadpassed hidpassed . passed normal military ageThe age ageThe The second group to come mto into mtoprommence intoprominence intoprominence prommence prominence in lo the Keich Reich is now by byall byall byall all odds the most powerful group groupIn groupto groupin In to the country considered from ev evI evcry evcry evcry I cry viewpoint vlewpomt It is the SS S5 , ! The SS are supposed to have havehad havehad havehad had their origin orlgm m In the group v . who whomade whomade ho homade made up H tier tler s bodyguard in m thc the theearly theearly early da ) s of the party The r num number number numher ber was estimated as 750 000 in 1942 1942and 1942and 1942and and Heinrich Hemrlch Himmler Hlmmler was from the thebegmmng thebeginning thebeginning begmmng beginning ( and still is us ) their commander cornmander com corn cornmander mander although their oath of loy joy loyaUy loyalty joyalty aUy alty is to HitterThis HitlerThis Hitler Hitter HitlerThis This group was originally orIgmally crea creaed * ' ed to form the nucleus of a new newaristocracy newaristocracy newaristocracy aristocracy The requirements of en entrance entrance entrance trance are strict In the first place placethe placethe placethe the applicant must have ta\e ta e lave \ been an anoutstandmg anoutstanding anoutstanding outstandmg outstanding member of the H tler tier tierYouth tierYouth Youth organization orgamzabon He can apply applyIn applyIn applyin In his 18th year tor for SS member'ih memberih memberh memberch , ' p pOut pOut pOut Out of a hundred applicants apphcants usual usually usually usually ly 10or 10 or 15 are admitted and they theystand theystand theystand stand frequent re exam nat ons The Theappl Theapp Theappi appl app ] cant s fam faro ly must sho v vhealthy vhealthy vhealthy healthy physical and ( accord ng to toNazI toNazi toNazi NazI standards ) pol t cal back background background background ground aryan blood back to 1750 1750and 1750and 1750and and no hered tary diseasesAn diseasesAn diseases diseasesAn An SS applicant must be the therIght theright theright rIght height and the right rightbuild rightbuild rightbuild build w th the right color of ofhair ofhair ofhair hair and eyes When he marries he hemust hemust hemust must marry a suitable wife accord according according 109 ing to s m lar standards Before he heIS heis heis IS el gible glble gsble he must win wm certa n sportawards sport sportawards sportawards awards .serve serve . , serve in m the Reich labor laborservice laborservice laborservice service then in m the army Mean Meanwhlle Meanwhile Meanwhile whlle while he must attend special schools schoolsof schoolsof schoolsof of training trammg in m Nazi ideology and m I 1 tary and physical tram train ngWhen ngWhen ng ngWhen When the SS novice finishes fimshes h s sterm sterm sterm term in m the army he goes through throughmore throughmore throughmore more tests and it If of he pas'es pases pastes ' is us a afull afull afull full member Then he is ' under U'1der U1der JurIs luris JurIsd lurisd jurisd d ct et on of the special SS S5 court of oflaw oflaw oflaw law and must 1 I ve ye up to all the thepractices thepractices thepractices practices and principles of the or order order order der He is compelled to defend h1S his h1Shonor hishonor hishonor honor with the sword ( must hke take hkepart takepart tikepart part in duels ) and is permitted If Ifattacked ifattacked ifattacked attacked by an ord nary citizen cltlzen to touse touse touse use a weapon against agamst the at attacker attacker attacker tacker even if 1f it is not necessarySS necessary necessarySS SS S5 Comes ComesInto ComesInto Into Its Own OwnGradually OwnGradually OwnGradually Gradually from an organ zat on onVohlch onwhich onwhich Vohlch which took over many mlhtary military mlhtarypohce militarypolice militarypobce pohce police and other funct functons ons the S5 SS S5grev SSgrew SSgrew grev grew . to the point where it is the thedomlnat thedomunat thedommat domlnat domunat ng pohce pollce police force in m Germany Germanyuniformed Germanyuniformed Germanyuniformed uniformed and plain plam clothes the theGestapo ( ( the theGestapo theGestapo Gestapo ) ) and now the dom dour natmg nating natmgforce natingforce natingforce force m in the army and the Re ch chIt chIt chIt It has one entirely m litary htary branch branchthe branchthe branchthe the SS 5S in arms w th its own panzer panzerand panzerand panzerand and other divisions divisionsI I was in m Germany v . when hen wnr war wnrbroke warbroke warbroke broke out andit and it was Voas that w nter nterthat nterthat ntcrthat that the SS S5 in Arms was formed formedsome formedsome formedsome some SS S5 men being bemg released from fromthe fromthe fromthe the regular army to form these theseunitS theseunits theseunits unitS It was cv ev dent when one onewatched onewatched onewatched watched the SS S5 in any mil tary taryformation taryformation taryformation formation from sentry duty up that thatthey thatthey thatthey they tried to outdo the regular army armym armyin armyin m in snap and sp t and polishTheir polishTheir polish 1Their Their legs were a little hltle stiffer stifTer when whenthey whenthey whenthey they d d the goose step The r rsalutes rsalutes rsalutes salutes were as precise as a trip triphammer triphammer triphammer hammer They tried tned to look as asmean asmean asmean mean as they could and often suc sue succeeded sueceeded sueceeded ceeded in m look ng meaner than thalThere that thal thatThere . There is no doubt that the 5S SS 5SdIvIsions SSdivisions SSdivisions dIvIsions have the reputat on of be being being 109 ing crack divisions and that they theyhave theyhave theyhave have won at least some of the re respect respect respect spect of . what v.hat vhat is left of the old oldprofessional oldprofessional oldprofessional professional roil mil mul tary element in the theWehrmacht theWehrmacht theWehrmacht Wehrmacht army . which v.hich vhich struggled struggledaga struggledaga struggledaga aga nst the r rise in m power as long longas longas longas as it could D spatches from the thewestern thewestern thewestern western front frequently mention mentionS5 mentionSS mentionSS S5 SS outfits-recently outfits recently outfits - recently when they stere were shoot ng American prisoners - but butthe butthe butthe the Russians refuse to say they fight fightany fightany fightany any better than other divis divls divas ons onsThey onsThey onsThey They have frequently been usedas used as asreserves asreserves asreserves reserves In tight s luatlons tuatlons and andalso andalso andalso also as a strengthening framework frameworktor frameworkfor for less fanatical troopsThe troopsThe troops troopsThe The Black Corps as it is ealled called ealledbecause calledbecause calledbecause because ot of its black uniforms IS ISdescribed isdescribed isdescribed described by one authority as em embOdying embodying embodying bOdying a mil tary Lary fanaticism fanaticismsuch fanaticismsuch fanaticismsuch such as the world has hardly seen seenfrom seenfrom i man from the days of o1 Mahdi Mahdl and OmdurI Omdurman Omdurman Omdur I |