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Show SEEN SEENand and HEARaround HEARj HEAR HEARjaround HEARaround around t/ie t ie the tieNATIONAL / , ' C CNATIONAL ' NATIONAL CAPITAL CAPITALFAMOUS ; By Carter F FeJd Field eJd eJdFAMOUS FAMOUS WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT o oField tRRESPONDENT 1 1Washmgton 1Washington Washington Washmgton WashmgtonTwo WashingtonTwo -Two Two - Two distinct rever rever- reversals reversals - sals in m public sentiment , , utterly un- un unrelated unrelated un unrelated - related , , though both very human humanhave , have contributed to PresIdent PresIdentRoosevelt's PresidentRoosevelt's PresidentRoosevelt's PresidentRoosevelts Roosevelt's Roosevelts ' ' recent troubles withcongress with withcongress withcongress congress , and promise to make hima hImn hIm n a lot more trouble in the session to tocome tocome tocome tocomeOne come comeOne One of these is nahon-wlde-the nahon wlde the nation-wide-the nation wide nahonwldetheother nationwidetheother nation-wide nation wide - - - theother other southern The former is much muchcasler mucheasier mucheasier casler easier to understand It is another anothereVIdence anotherevidence anotherevidence eVIdence of that age nge old trait of hu- hu human human hu human - - man nature illustrated by the Oldrhyme old oldrhyme oldrhyme rhyme . "The The " devil was sick , the devil amonk amonk a amonk monk would be be.The beThe . . Tbe The devil devll got well weU , , the devil a monkwas monkwas monk monkwas was he i " When President Prcsldent Roosevelt went wentinto wen.into weninto wentinto . into office the country was sickeconomically sIck , economlcaUy economically . The chief crIticIsm criticismof of the administration admirustration he supplanted supplantedwas was that it had floundered fIowldered along , . in- in instead instead in instead - stead of doing domg something somethmg to cor cor- correct correct correct - rect a bad situation . So the voters voterswere voterswere voterswere were willing wlllmg to try any an ) thing thmg When WhenRoosevelt WhenRoosevelt WhenRoosevelt Roosevelt came into power , and be- be began began be began - gan doing domg tilings thmgs things in a spectacularft spectacularv spectacularway spectacular v . way ft ay , , he aroused enthusiasm Hecontinued He Hecontmued Hecontmued contmued continued to arouse it for at least leasth leasttwo leasttwo ha two h\ h \ a years before betore there was reallya really a whisper of protest from the f011.s f011s folks f011.swho folkswho folkswho . who had bad been pleased in the begin begm- begm begin- beginning begmnmg beginning - ning nmg . Unquestionably there " were .ere ere . some somedefections somedefections somedefections defections from his supporters during dur dur- during during - ing the second two years , but these thesewere thesewere thesewere were much more than replaced bythe bythe by bythe the people who had come to be bedependent bedependent bedependent dependent on the federal spendingpolicies spendIng spendIngpolicies spendingpolicies policies , , both as to farm and work workrehef workrelief workrelief rehef relief , , so that . his h.ls hls popular victory victoryin victoryin in 1936 not only exceeded that ot of of1932 1932 , but the congressional election electionof electionv electionof of 1934 as well wellBut wellBut wellBut But the dissenters have been beengrowmg beengrowing beengrowing growmg growing in number . . The emergency emergencyhavmg emergencyhaving emergencyhaving havmg having passed , they began to chafe chafeat chafeat chafeat at the continuance contmuance of what they hadhailed had hadhailed hadhailed hailed earlier earher as remedies Dur Dur- DurIng During - ing ang the 1936 campaign the Republi Repubh- Repubh Republi- Repubhcans Republicans Republicans - - cans tried their thclr best to make thepeople the thepeople thepeople people tax conscious They harped harpedon on the pay roll deduction taxes takes , , and andthe andthe andthe the hidden taxes , , and so on until untilthe untilthe untilthe the ' % voters 'voters oters got sick of hearing hearmg about aboutIt aboutit aboutit It Certainly Certamly the Republicans Repubhcans gotnowhere got gotnowhere gotnowhere nowhere \ with \ Ith the issueRevolt issue issueRevolt Revolt Likely to Grow GrowIn Growe In the first place , , the voters did didnot didnot didnot not believe beheve them In the second secondthe , , the idea of an emergency \ was \ as stillpresent shll still shllpresent stillpresent present There was not any gen gen- general general general - eral conviction that the t'1e t1e ' hard tImes tImesere timeswere \\ere ere were \ \ definitely over . . But since smce January all the httle little httleemplo littleemploers littleemployers emploers emplo } ers , especially the lads m in mthe inthe inthe the small towns , , have been paymg paying paymgthose payingthose payingthose those security taxes So have theworkers the theworkers theworkers workers And nobod nobody likes to paytaxes pay paytaxes paytaxes paytaxesMore taxes taxesMore I : More important , with the passageof passage passageof passageof I of the months since smce last November Novemberhas Novemberhas Novemberhas I has come a general feeling feelmg that the theemergency theemergency theemergency emergency has passed Along with withthis withthis withthis I this conviction is a growing gromg grossing gro\\ gro \ \ mg feelingthat feehng feeling feehngthat feelingthat that the countr country ) would have recov recov- recovered recovered recovered - ered anyhow , without the drastic drasticRoosevelt drasticRoosevelt drasticRoosevelt Roosevelt cure Those who feel thiS thisv thisv v \ ' ay-those ay those aythoseho ay - those \ who \\ho ho have changed theIr theIrIeWS theirdews theirviews \IeWS IeWS dews \ since smce last No\ember-are No ember are Noemberareprobably No\ No Not Noember \ ember-are ember are emberareprobably ember - - areprobably probably a very small minority mmorIty of ofthe ofthe ofthe the entire people Even added tothe to tothe tothe the people who voted against Roosevelt Roose Roose- Roosevelt Roosevelt - velt last November , , they almost be beyond beyond beyond yond question are in m the mmorlty minority mmorltyMost minorityMost minorityMost Most political pohtlcal observers still shll thmk think thmkthat thinkthat thinkthat ' that Roosevelt has a majority fol fol10wmg following following 10wmg lowing in m the countryBut countryBut country countryBut But the folks who have changedare changed changedare are in m evidence everywhere They Theyare Theyare Theyare ' are known to their senators and andrepresentat1 andrepresentatites andrepresentatn l representat1\ representat1 representat1es representatites \ es The mail mall reaching reach reach- reachmg reaching - ing mg Capitol hill speaks no uncertaIn uncertaInlanguage uncertainlanguage uncertainlanguage language about the changeTo changeTo change changeTo To all this in m the South is ndded added addedthe nddedthe addecthe l the fact that party loyalty , , and everstronger cven even cvenstronger evenstronger ' stronger dislike of the very word word"Republican \ wore"Republican woreRepublican \ ord ord"Republican "Republican Republican " , , " has made any r thought anithought anythought unlikelyThen of insurgency unhkeh unlikely . Then , due to farm benefits , etc etcthere , . there was a general feeling for the thefirst thefirst th thfirst < ' first time since smce the Civil war the theSouth thSouth th thSouth e < i South was getting gettmg something somethmg frorrWashington frorrWashingtonThe from fromWashmgton fromWashington Washmgton Washington WashmgtonThe WashingtonThe The revolt reolt re\ re \ , olt seems more likely t tgrow to togrow tgrow o ( ) grow than to fadeTurn fade Cade fadeTurn Turn ConservativeSignificance Conservative ConservativeSignificance Significance of the fact that t'lenty twenty t\'len t 'len len liven liventy \ ' ty two Democratic senators votecto voted votedto votedto d to recommit the wages and hours hoursregulatIon hourregulation hour s ; > regulation binIS bill bin is more obvious than thanthe thanthe thaithe n the deductions to be made about abou aboutopposItion abouopposition abouopposition t opposItion to President Roosevelt on onthe o othe 01the n I the Supreme court enlargement billbut bill billbut , but the tv/o tv o two / things are down th thsame the thesame thisame e same alleyThere alleyThere alley alleyThere There arc are exceptions , , of course coursesuch coursesuch ' , such as the tact fact that Senator Burton BurtonK BurtoK Burto n ; n K . againsthe K . Wheeler of Montana was against agains againstthe againsthe ; t the President on the court and fo fohim tohim for forhim r him regulationMost on wages and hours regulation regulatiorMost ' Most of the Democratic senators senator senatorswho senatorwho : S Swho who opposed the President on eetheIssue eIther eethe eItherissue eitheissue r issue had the same > motive They Theyant The Thewant Thevant Y \\ant ant want \ , to curb the New Deal phaseof phases phase phasesof phaseof ls s of the administration admmlstratlOn They want wantto wan wanto warto II t to force the Democratic party bacinto back backmto bac " Lc Lcinto mto into more conservative policies and andprInciples an anprinciples d dprinciples prInciples They want to force Corce the thenommatIon th thnomination thnomination e nommatIon nomination of some one more can canservatIve co coiservative r rthan n servatIve than Roosevelt in m 194 194and 1941and 1940 1940and 0 and they want a much more can cansel co coiseivative r rplatform n sel vatIvc platform than the Bram BramTrust BraiTrust Brai BraiTrust ln Trust wing wmg would favorThere favorThere favor favorThere There has been a most interest interes interestmg interesing interesing t mg ing swing SWlllg of Southern Democrats Democrat DemocratsJust Democratjust Democra'just Democrajust ' s Just in m the last few weeks Some Someof So Sorrof e eof of the most radical of them suddeily sudden suddenly sudde suddely ly found out something somethmg about the theconstituents theIr theIrconstituents theconstituents it constituents Notable among the thespectacular t tspectacular Uspectacular spectacular reversals of form ha\been ha been have havebeen ha habeen \ ve /e e / been Senator Hugo L Black of Ala A1 Al a : bama barna , , and Representative John B E E.Rankin ERankin . . Rankin of Mississippi . . . Not SurprisingWhich Surprising . , _ . - ' ' - Which mightnot might not be surprising surprisingAlabama , Alabama being bemg regarded mostly as asa asa asa a very conservative state , , econom econom- economicaIIy economically economically - ically icaIIy and socially , , e except .cept cept > . that Sen Sen- Senator Senator Senator - ator Black has been the nemesis of ofthe ofthe ofthe the princes prmces of privilege right fromthe from fromthe fromthe the day the Roosevelt admlmstratIon administra admlmstra- admlmstra administra- administration administration - - tion came into power in 1933 It Itwas Itwas Itwas was Black who fought so vigorouslyfor vigorously vigorouslyI vigorouslytor vigorouslyfor tor for the death sentence in the publ1c public publ1cubbty publicutility publicutility I ubbty utility holding holdmg company bill , and andv.ho andRho andvho v.ho vho Rho . , obtained obtamed rather a reputation reputationas as a n snooper during durmg the seizure of ofprIvate ofprivate prIvate telegrams episode Mr . . Rankin Rankm has held firmly in an anantI ananti ananti antI privately owned utility ubbty posItion posItionseveral positionseveral positionseveral several laps ahead of SenatorGeorge Senator SenatorGeorge SenatorGeorge George W . . Norris of Nebraska anda andn and n a few more ahead of PresidentRoosevelt President PresidentRoosevelt PresidentRoosevelt Roosevelt all the way through theNew theNew the theNew New Deal administration admmlstratIon so farBoth farBoth far farBoth Both have had some very disturb disturb- disturbing disturbing disturbing - ing communications commumcatIons from back backhome backhome backhome home They have found that manyof many manyof manyof of their influential supporters were werefar werefar werefar far from enthusiastic about the theNew theNew theNew New Deal They have discoveredthat discovered discoveredthat discoveredthat that attacking the Morgans and the thebIg thebig thebig bIg northern utilities utIl1bes was one thing thingbut , , but that forcing forcmg little manufacturersdown manufacturers manufacturersdown manufacturersdown down in their home states to pay payhigher payhigher payhigher higher wages and grant shorterhours shorter shorterhours shorterhours hours was something somethmg else againSenator againSenator again againSenator Senator Ellison Elhson D Smith ( Cotton CottonEd CottonEd Ed ) of South Carolma Carolina vOIced the I I I I opinion opmlOn of a great many southerners southern southern- southerners southerners - ers when he intimated mtImated that the theadmInistratIon theadministration theadministration admInistratIon , , in regulating wagesand wages wagesand wagesand and hours , , was attempting attemptmg to de- de deprIve derive de deprive - - p prive rive the South of the natural ad- ad advantages adantages ad advantages - vantages antages v that God Gad had given It itand , , and that the mental attitude at of ofthe ofthe . fue the New Deal would seem to require re- re require re require - quire them to hold God to strIct strIctaccountabll1ty strictaccountability strictaccountability accountabll1ty accountability for such unfairness ' The South figures that it has a cer cer- certam certain certain - tain tam economic advantage in m cheap cheap- cheaper cheaper - er living l1vmg costs , and it proposes tohold to tohold tohold hold on to them ' Puzzles Labor MenJust Men MenJust Just why President Roosevelt referred re referred reo re- re reoferred - ferred newspaper men the other otherday otherday otherday day to the British trades unions act actas actas actas as something somethmg worthy of study is ispuzzlmg ispuzzling ispuzzling puzzlmg puzzling some of his Ius lab labor . : > r advis advIs- advIsers advisrs advisers - - e ers rs no end Most of the clearestthinkers clearest clearestthmkers clearestthinkers thmkers thinkers among them thcm want no part partof partof partof of It it . . . Some phases of it they regard regardas as unnecessary m in this country Oth Oth- Other Other Other - er phases they think thmk would be ut- ut utterly uterly ut utterly - - t terly erly unacceptable to employersThe employersThe employers employersThe The Scandinavian Scandmavlan plan appeals appealsmuch appealsmuch appealsmuch much more to the tbe particular group groupm groupm groupin m question queshon , , . including mcludmg occluding Edward F FMcGrady FMcGrady FMcGrady McGrady . The assistant secretary secretaryof of labor is fond of pointing pomtmg out to toI tofrIends tofriends tofriends frIends that you don't dont ' hear anythmg anything anythmgI anythmgabout anythingabout anythingabout about strikes in Norway andSweden andSweden andSwedenSo and andI andSweden Sweden SwedenI SwedenSo So far as the British plan is concerned con con- concerned concerned - - cerned , , in m practical working workmg condl condi condltIons conditions conditions tIons the industry mdustry against agamst which a astrIke astrike astrike strIke is leveled shuts down untilthe until untilthe untilthe the str strike .e e . is settled No attempt IS ISmade ismade ismade made by employers to put scabsto scabs scabsto scabsto to \ work pork \ ark , or for tha that t matter to op operate operate operate erate at all Just the reverse ofcourse of ofcourse olcourse course . , , of what has to happen when whenthere whenthere whenthere there is a general strike , and whatdid whatdid what did happen in m : England Ingland when a gcn gen gcnera general general era eral I strike was tn triedThe tried triedThe d dThe The |