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Show / IPir.Jobn IPirJobn /z9icJolan z9icJolan . McLouq/nliiii McLouq nliiii A\c A c \ Lom < fh / I i inthe , , T , _ , M My Mfah P'a Pa ' y fah . , _ \ ' y/Na y Na / rAas "WhUx WhUx " i eadjuifa r , . . fW'bf ' A f trJi N + " ' ' ' \"r'M "r'M rM \ " ' ' " ' ' ' M'e't Met ' ' fW'b fWb fW'bA fW'ba fW'btrJi a F By ELMO SCOTT WATSON I / IL'CENTLY CCENTLY nCDNTLY L'CENTLY LCENTLY ' newspapers In many parts partsof partsof partsof of the United , States printed this thisstory thisI thisstory I . .P P . .Pstory story : , ' OREGON ORLGON CITY , . ORDNaturallza ORENaturallza ORE ORD Naturallza -Naturallza - NaturallzaJ Naturallzalion _ J 9 ( lion papers of or Dr John McLoughIln l\IcLoughlln l IcLoughlln McLoughlin McLoughlin'father lIcLoughlln'rather \ McLoughIlnFather Father 'rather rather 'father ' of Oregon ; , ' have been dlscov dlscovered dlscovt1 discovJ t\1 t 1 \ 8 XV1 XV1ered ] ered In the vaults of the county re recorder's recorder's rewj corder's corders ' ' office here hereTO here'Doctor TO\ TO TO'Doctor ( \ 'Doctor Doctor ' \ McLoughIln l\IcLoughUn l IcLoughUn McLoughlin , fictor f\ctor f ctor f'tctor ftctor ' \ ' of the theBritish theyV British ritlsh Hudson Bay ' Fur I'ur Iur ' company , befrlcnded befriended be friended frlcnded American settlers In OregonIn Oregon Oregonlltf lltf in the early dn days s When the fur post posttas postnjj\ postnjj postnjjvas ) \ vas tas \ , as discontinued , after Oregon wasce wasceded was wasceded ce ceded ed to the United States Stntes , Doctor DoctorMcLoughIln ( ! CLOl1ghlln McLoughlln ) ! remained and took a faim falm Latin The Thenaturalizatlon Tlienaturalization I ( Inatural1zatlon natural1zatlon naturalizatlon papers were wcre Issued by the Second SecondDistrict SecondDistrict IDIstrlct ( District court of Oregon Territory TerrJtor , September 5 { ) 5I 51851 185L 1851 . " j I IBnck Back Bnck of that brief news Item lies Hes one of the themost themost themost most romantic and significant-and significant and significant - and at the same sametime sametlme ; ? time one of the most hagie-stories hagie stories tragic-stories tragic ti agio - - stories In Amelican American Amelicanhistory AmericanihLstory Ameiican'history Ameiicanhistory ihLstory ' history . For Ji'or Jior ' tills this Dr John McLoughlin McLoughlinv McLoughlm McLoughlmas \v v \ \\as as vas \ as more morethan more'than morethan ' , than just lust a 'factor factor ' of the British Brltlsh Hudson Bay Bayrur BayI BayFur rur I ur companyes company-yes company yes company compan " -yes yes - yes , , even more than the "rather rather "ratherI "ratherof "Fatherot Fatherot " I , of Oregon " There was a time when he was wasknown wasknown wasknown known far and wide "Ide Ide tide " as the "Emperor Emperor " ' mperor of the theVest.t theWest theWest \Vest.t Vest.t West \ . , , " ' a wilderness king wliose whose \ word ord was abco abcoJute ab : o olute olute Jute lute laover law la\\ la lass \ over 400 400000 000 square miles mlJes , an nn empire empirethat empirethat empirethat that extended e"ttended ettended " all along the Pacific P\clfic P clfic ' \ coast CO'lst COlst ' fromI from'California from fromCalifornia California CaUfornla 'California I ' to Alaska and as far east as the Oreat Great OreatSalt GreatSalt GreatSalt Salt lake In Utah There was w \ as a time when ' \ hen heheld he heheld heheld held an Influence over the Indians such as no nowhite nowhite nowhite white man had < ; since Ince the da days s of Sir Wilham William WilhamJ'ohnson's WilliamJohnson's WilliamJohnson's WilliamJohnsons J'ohnson's Johnsons Johnson's ' ' dominance over the Iroquols Iroquois on the theother theother theother other side of the continentThere continent contineut continentThere There was a time \ when nhen hen he he . . , bypeaklng by speaking \peaklng peaklng 'peaking peaking ' < \ a few fewwords fewwords fewwords words , could have hne embroiled embrolJed the United States Statesand Statesand Statesand and Great Britain in a third war and it If that had hadhappened hadhappened hadhappened happened it Is doubtful If It the Pacific Northwe3t Northwest Northwe3twould Northwestwould Northwestwould would now be under the American flag But herefrained he herefrained herefrained refrained from speaking spea1.lng spea1lng . those words and by re- re retraInIng refraining re retraining - - training fraining saved sued the lives Uves of hundreds of Amerl Amenl Amerlcan Amenlcan Americ can n settlers and probably thousands of Americanand Amerlcnand American Amerlc\n Amerlc n ' \ and British soldiers and sailors Thus the romance and the historical slgnlfl signlfi slgnlflIII signlfiN signlflcance III N cance in the life me story of Dr John McLoughIlnAs McLoughUnAs McLoughlinAs McLoughUn McLoughlin As for the tragedy , It was the tragedy of ot a a"king a"king i"king iking "king king " " ' \ who rho ho lost his kingdom Ungdom and of a real "man man "manwIthout "manwithout "marwithout marwithout " wIthout a country countr , " , " a more pitiful figure tharthe than thanthe thanthe the fictitious hero of Dd Edward Ed\v Ed v " \ ard ' Everett D'rerett Drerett Hales Hale H'ile Hile ' s fa famous famous famous mous bookSuch bookSuch book bookSuch Such Is the story . , In part , back b1ck b'rck brck ' of the discov discovery dl discovcry < ; cov covery ery , after more than three quarters of a century centuryof , , , of the document which mn mnde made e John McLoughIlnan McLoughllnan McLoughlinan McLoughlln McLoughlin an American citizen But even though he wns was wnsno wasno wasno no longer a "man man "mnn mnn " without a country , " , " that docu document documeat document ment meat could not save him from going to his grave gravesix gravesix gravealx six ) years ears later hter , , a brokenhearted brohen broken hearted old man , thevictim the thevIctim thevictim vIctim of the selfishness selfichness : and the basest Ingrat ingrati ingratitulle Ingratitude ! tude tulle on the part of those who had best reason to tobe tobe tobe be grateful to him-the him the him - the American settlers he had had"befriended had"befriended hadbefriended 'befrIended befrIended "befriended . " ' " The Tbe complete story Is told In tn a It new bIography bIographywhich biographywhich biographywhich which , by an interesting coincidence , appeared n a nshort ashort ashort short time after the discovery dlccovery ; of ot the McLough DlcLough McLoughUn DlcLoughtin McLoughlln , Un tin naturalhatlon natura1l1atlon naturalhation papers in the vault In Oregon OregonCity OregonCity OregonCity City . This biography Is "The The " White-Headed White Headed White--leaded leaded - Whiteleaded'Eagle White-Headedteagle White Headedteagle - - I 'Eagle Eagle ' agle ' John McLoughIln McLoughlin . , Builder of an Dmplre Empire Empire"written Empirewritten , " . , " written by Richard Rtchard G 0 Montgomery of Portland PortlandOre , Ore , and published bv by the Macmillan company companyof companyof of NeYork New Ne\\ Ne Net \ \ York Much has been written about Mc McLoughlin McLoughlin MeLoughlln Loughlin the ( ( the list of authorities occupies fivefull fi\"e fi "e e five fi"efull fivefull \ " full pages at the end of this biography blograph ) but l\Ir l Ir Mr lIrMontgomery's MrMontgomery's \ MrMontgomery's MrMontgomerys Montgomery's Montgomerys ' book boo1 . Is one of the most authorl authorltatlve authorltative authortatlve ! tatlve tative and most moet ; Interesting word portraits of ofMcLoughHn ofMcLoughlin ofMcLoughIln McLoughHn McLoughlin that has yet vet et appearedMcLoughlin appearedMcLoughlin appeared appearedMcLoughIln McLoughIln McLoughlin was born at Rivlere Rtvlere Rlviere du Loup some some120 120 miles mnes beloQuebec below belo\\ belo \ Quebec on the St Lawrence Larence La\\ La \ \ rence In In1784 1784 His father \ was \ as an Irishman , his mother motherK , a Eraser rrnser rraser In whom French rrench trench blood \ was \ as mixed with withthe withthe withthe the Scotch As a bov boy he was \ as serious mindedand minded mindedand mindedand and very religious , with wltb none of the dashing reck reek recklessness reeklessness recklessness lessness that characterized charncterlzed the men engaged In Inthe inthe Inthe the business in \ which hlch he " was "as as to become famousthe famousthe famous famousthe ; -the the - the fur trade Due to the influence of or one of ofhis ofhis olbis ' his uncles , Dr Simon Simou Fraser , it appeared certainthat lertaln certain lertalnthat certainthat , that : > voung young oung John would become a doctor and at atthe atthe althe ; the age of sixteen he began stud studying mg medlclneAlthough medicineAlthough medicine medlclne medicineAlthough Although he practiced for a " while "hile hile in Iontreal Montreal MontrealIt , , It soon became apparent that "a a " professional ca career career carcer reer In a well settled community held no fasclnatlon fasclna fasclnaHon fasclnation Hon tion for him The lad lads s gray eves eyes e evesere es \\ere ere sere \ \ \ ere focused focusedon focusedon ; on the West-thele West thele West-there there West - theie was no hankering hanhtrIng for city cityme citylife citvlife me life in his nature " ' lhat 'lhat that was largely due to toanother toanother tcanother another uncle-Alexander uncle Alexander uncle - - Alexander Fraser , who ha had be- be become become be become - - come prominent promment in the affairs of the North West 1Vest Westcompany 1Vestcompany Wcslcompany : company , which had find been organized in 1734 1784 . , the theyear theyear theyear year young John was tas \ \ as born . , to compete \ with lth the theHudson's theHudson's thHudson's thHudsons ( Hudson's Hudsons ' Bay company compan ) for the rich prize of the thefur thefur th thfur < fur trade throughout Canada Through ThroYlgh UnclAlexanders Uncle UncleAlexander ( ; Alexander s influence Infiuence the voung young oung doctor received receivedan recelvcian I aD an appointment as resident physician in the theNorth theNorth th thNorth < North West We < > t company and in the winter sinter ' \ Inter of 1S03 IS0'3 IS03 ' 04 04proceeded 04proceeded 0proceeded proceeded to rOl Foit roit t William the compan company's companys , } 's s ' chler chief chlerdepot chiefdepot chledepot depot and factory on Lake Superior SuperiorThis SuperiorThIs SuperiorThIs This marked marhed the beginning of or thai th1t that ama11ng ama7ing ama11ngcareer ama7ingcareer ama7lnicareer ; career which wblch resulted in McLoughIln IcLoughHn McLoughlin s becoming becomingthe becomingthe becominithe ? the ' ' I Emperor mperor of the West 1Vest " From being a medl merit medlcnl meritcal medlcal cnl cal oflicer ofl1cer officer he soon progressed to the tbe position of ofchief ofchief ochief chief trader In 1820 1&20 120 1620 & , , when the bitter rivair rivalry rivalrybetween between h the Hu Hudson's Hudsons son's sons ' Bav Bay : : e _ _ comran company and the a truce , young oung IcLough DlcLough DlcLoughtin McLoughlln IcLoughUn Un tin " went "ent ent to London as a r-.orth r.orth r .orth orth north - . r orth West 1Vest reIJreSen represen reIJreSentatlve representative representative tatlve tative to drive the bargain which consolidated consolidatedthe the t\\o t o t0 two t\\ t \ \ \ 0 companies companlec ; He then became bec'lme beclme ' a Hudeon's Hudeons Hudson's Hudsons Hudeon'sBay Hudson'sBay Hudson'sBay HudsonsBay ; ' ' Bay man and continued as such through the theremainder theremainder theremainder remainder of or his active lifeI'or lifeI'or life lifeFor ' For I'or Ior ' a time he sen served ed as chief factor at 'ort ort Port 'ortFrancIs PortFrancis [ ' FortFrancis FrancIs on tlie the Lake Lale , of the theoods /oods oods loads goods > _ / . , . Then Gov Coy GovGeor CoyGeorge GovGeorge Geor George e Sinipson Slm1son Simpson [ , head of the H B C , recognl1 recogni ? lng ing recognlyIng recognl1lng the great ability nblhty of the tbe young doctor , m rdehim tde rde tdehim idehim him a assistant sistant to Chief FflLtor rador factor Alexander Ken Kennedy Kennedy Kenncdy nedy on the Columbia river rher , with whir the Idea of his hiseventually hiseventually hiseventually eventually superseding Kennedy there This wasall ssas ssasall \ 'is is 'isall ' all a part of the bold scheme which Simpson had hadIn hadIn hadIn In mind , . The American , John Jacob Astor , had failed failedtn failedto fallciIn tn to his attempt to found a fur empire emplro in the thePacific thePacific th thPacific < ' Pacific Northwest orthwest Aortlnvest and his post , Astoria A5torla , at thmouth the themouth themouth ( mouth of ot the Columbia had h1d fallen Into the hand hands handsot handsof ; > of ot the North West 1Vest company first flrt . , and then the theHudson's theBudson's thHudson's thHudsons ( s Hudson's Hudsons Budson's Budsons ' Bay nay company , . Ihe 'lhe lhe Zlre ' Oicgon Olegon Oregon country countrywas countr : ' was held Jointly by Great Oreat Britain and the Unlte United States UnlteStates UnitedStates , , , but Simpson Slmp < ; on planned to \ win \ In this V'lst Vlst vast vastregion V'lstregion ' vasregion region with Its wealth of furs for Dn England land but butmore butmore bumore more particularly partlculnrl to ' ' brine bring all tlie the territory west westof \ y\esof y esof \ est estof of the Itocky Itoclcy mountains w \ within Ithln ithin a single Hudson Iludson's Iludsons Hudson's Hudsons ' ' : Iludson'sBay Hudson'sBay Bay company jurisdiction " ! McLoughIln IcLoughltn McLoughlin was selected as the Instrument to ) tbring tobring bring this about and there could have bave be been .n n < . no better nobetter one selected seiected From rrom the moment he be took tool . v i R < I y yxAf xAf e g Any . a Z i irdR93 ' . rdR93 + b'S4 bS4 ' ' ra raa BM BMx ' ' ' a x Ar ' 2 2R c44 R 'N N 'NFort ' , Fort Vancouver VancouverI VancouverDr Dr John : McLoughlzn . . < " ' ' 'H H ' ' I McLoughlznrr : rr rr.a .a a . .ati _ . . t " " . s , { , _ . . . . ' : . . i ' ; 4 f . } r " } I7f ' } j / ti tia tiA a A\ A A4 \ % /4 4 / 4f.u f.u fu . .Rwaa.ww Rwaa.ww Rwaaww . .Rwaa.ww.af3 . .af3 af3 . .af3NS NS W.wiA.awa.w.T.v WwiAawawT.v WwiAawawTv . . . . . . . . , , . . MurkerlnYancoicvei Wash . House of Dr'Mehoughltn DrMehoughltn ' in OregonCttzl , ore . a k g , . atf . H Hz Hro / "i i "iicy " z r ro ror icy r Lr 7Lr Lry LrS Lrs ya 7 y S s 3 r0 $ y yV yL \ V . L tr , i i J Jr JH JHyA , r \ S ' r rwx ' Nye NyeS ' ' wx rya r ti M y . rr , y/A y A yAyl / yl . ' a aJH . V k a ' r y o ' y yx ' . t . y ta a r a Q . a . ' : iQ R34 . P Py R Rw Rk Ry w ' z zWFy k y , \WFy WFy \ WFyy y y 6 yw 'JS.i JS.i JSi ' ( . % l ANa + Mn rn aya.6.ls aya6.ls aya6ls aya.6.ls.w.V'u . . .w.V'u w.Vu wVu . . . . ' . - . . . av \aXd2rwc'wwww aXd2rwc'wwww aXd2rwcwwww avaXd2rwc'wwww \ . . ' w.ww.a www.a wwwa ' . . . . . . , a luuet . Grave Stones ofDr . Mcioughhn and fs Wzfe The 109YearOldAppleTree , I charge In 1824 , abandoned Astoria and moved movedup movedup movedup up the river to establish eetabllsh ; Fort Vancouver It be became became became came apparent that hereas here ' \ was \\as as the man who could couldrule couldrule couldrule . I rule both botb the Indians and aRd the turbulent trappersand trappers trapper ! > and fur traders . . Rule he did , sternly but justlyand justI justly , , , and the Indians , " who "ho ho called caned McLoughIln McLoughlin the theWhiteHended theWhiteHeaded theWhite-Headed theWhite Headed White-Hended White Hended White-Headed Headed - - Eagle Lagle ' because of his shock of ofsno ofsnow ofsnow ' sno\\ sno snow snohite \ \ white hite hair , respected and loved him blm quite quiteas quiteas quiteas as much as they feared himFor himFor him himFor For a period of ten years Fort rort tort Vancouver wasthe was wasthe wasthe i the center of a feudal empire the like hhe of whlcb which whlcbthe whichthe whichthe the New World never before , and seldom since sincehas , has seen spen soen It \ was ssas as a 'sanctuary sanctuary ' of clvmzatlon |