Show EXPERT TELLS FARMERS HOW TO USE TRACTOR MOST EFFICIENTLY The automotive dealer dealer will demonstrate demonstrate his fitness for the tractor business by bythe bythe bythe the quality of the service he he renders and the degree of satisfaction he produces among his customers asserts Fred M. M Loomis in Motor Age in writing under the caption Fitting the Tractor to the Job He also must depend upon the same factors for the profit he makes from the tractor business In a majority of instances too they are likely to de determine determine determine de- de termine his permanency in the trade This merely indicates their importance and shows shows- how necessary it must be for the de dealer ler to consider them While service and satisfaction are coupled to together together together to- to gether here they really reany should be considered considered con con- as cause as-cause cauS and effect th the degree of satisfaction depending directly upon the quality of service This emphasizes the relatively greater importance of the former and makes clear the reason why the dealer should clearly understand where service begins The old adage A good beginning makes a good ending applies with particular particular particular par par- appropriateness to service for forthe forthe forthe the reason that a mistake at the beginning beginning begin begin- ning almost always entails service without without without with with- out end This is and un un- un- un profitable Service then should begin before the tractor Is sold This broadens the common common com com- mon conception of what constitutes servIce service service ice and implies that the tractor dealer should take some things into consideration tion that frequently are not given any thought A moments moment's consideration will wilt Justify this widening of the meaning of the term service and wilt will make clear the reason why the dealer lealer must begin to render rende It before the sale Is made WHAT MAKES PROFITS PROFIT That the tractor shall fit the Job Is of the utmost importance to the man who buys Only where this is the fact can it prove to be a profitable investment for Jor him can it be operated economic economically lly and can It be productive o of satisfaction And satisfaction from whatever point of view is the end to be attained It happens however that very few farmers who never have had any personal experience experience experience ence with tractors when they come face to face with the proposition of buying one are competent to determine offhand Just what type and size of tractor they ought to have They have certain well defined and definite needs upon their farms which must be met but how bow well this that or the other tractor will mt meet et these needs they ordinarily cannot de decide ide 4 S without advice 1 They are Just as likely as not to be beat betat at attracted I I by some feature which is to to the efficient working of th the tractor in th the conditions they have to toI toj I j meet or they are led astray by such all allI I I There suit inconsequential matter as price The There re- re j suit is that thata a misfit between tractor and andI i I Job results I An outstanding fact which appears appears I In every investigation of tractor usefulness which has been undertaken is that In a majority o of instances where farm farmers rl 1 b b- 1 I reported uneconomic pr unsatisfactory ry results the reason has been that iri lri the first Instance the farmer made a misjudgment misjudgment misjudgment mis mis- judgment and t t. t vt e una to his requirements one too small or or orone one II too large or unwisely selected tor lor some other reason Where there is a proper coordination between the tractor and I the work worl which it will b called caned upon upon- to todo todo do the results almost always are sat sat- I This Thi is eliminating the huh human human hu hu- hu- hu which man h hf factor may be as done a e disturbing safely i in g cd considering influence rl l I averages I HORSE IS BASIS i The reason the farmer Is unable usually usual usual- ly Iy to select wisely when it comes to buying buying buy buy- ing his first t tractor Is because he Is accustomed accustomed accustomed ac ac- ac- ac to e estimating his work in terms terms' of horses only He lie knows nothing about mechanical horsepower and does not know how to con convert relt animal horsepower into the equivalent terms of mechanical horse horse- power It is natural and inevitable that tractor he he should look at the he tractor which he buys ostensibly as a a. a substitute for his horses in terms of ot the only unit of power he knows the horse He is led to this mistake more readily because of the method of rating tractors In terms of horsepower The farmer makes the error of considering the horsepower rating of a tractor on the as the exact and invariable equivalent of the power of Just as as many horses as the ra rating rating rat rat- tIng t- t ing calls calla for For Instance ce a tractor rated at ten horsepower on the means Just the same to the inexperienced farmer as the power of or ten horses This is the case omy onry und under r a certain f set of ideal conditions and only approximately approximately correct even then For instance a horse normally exerts a pull on the l I equal to about a tenth o of its i weight Now if all aU farm horses weighed I exactly 1500 pounds walked always while I at work worl at a uniform walked speed of or two and a I half miles per hour and had level ground to walk over then every horse Un in one minute would exert at toe tiie draw bar the equivalent of ot one mechanical horsepower Conversely if all tractors were built to torun run at a uniform speed of two and a half half miles per per hour and had level leye ground always always al- al ways to 10 run fun over then in one minute every t tractor actor too would eert a pull pull at atthe atthe the dia bir equivalent to one mechanical mechanical ical horsepower Only so far as this can canue 1110 ue c 1 idling ot of a tractor at the be compared to the e power of oCas as many horses as the rating tating Indicates BUt Buc farm S vary infinitely in weight In general they merely approximate approximate approximate mate 2 ZVi m m. m p. p h. h in bi speed Tractors in turn manifest all speeds from 1 m. m p. p Ji h oz OJ m. eu m. m p ii h h on high al although although at- at though most of them have a much narrower nar- nar rower lower range than than this Nevertheless every variation from the normal In nar-I nar the speed aoi aut a tractor affects the horsepower developed at the raw bar and destroys the relation the farmer imagines exists between the the rating as given and the equivalence in horv horses s. s In addition there is a a fundamental difference difference difference dif dif- dif dif- ference between animal power and tractor tractor tractor trac trac- tor power which would throw the equivalence equivalence equiv alence 5 all out of proportion as s soon as the condition of ot absolute equality is disturbed disturbed disturbed dis dis- and it usually is disturbed most of the time This fundamental difference difference difference differ differ- ence is that that animal power is elastic while tractor power is Is' absolute W While nile the average farm horse may he considered considered considered consid consid- ered to exert one mechanical horsepower in a minute of time at normal plowing speed he Is capable in ht an emergency and for or short distances and for short periods of time ot of exerting several times limes as much power bringing his pull temporarily temporarily tem tem- up up to to pounds This occurs when hard spots In the soil are encountered In plowing in bursts of speed or in short uphill pulls In other words horses have a reserve of power which may be drawn upon in case of need The tractor upon the contrary has no reserve off oG power A tractor capable of or pulling pull 1500 pounds at the on level ground and at 4 2 m. m p. p h. h immedi immediately loses efficiency if the thes conditions are changed For instance if the speed of the tractor which is rated at 1500 1600 draw bar pull at 2 m. m p p. p h h. h be increased to 3 m. m p. p h. h the pull is reduced immediately imme imme- immediately to 1250 pounds and falls to 1070 pounds at 3 m m. p. p h h. h Grapes Grades have a similar although not as marked effect The approximate rule is that the weight of ot the tractor and its plow which must be moved by the power of the engines requires 1 per cent more power for every rias risa of one foot In a distance of feet As an example a tractor weighing pounds pulling a plow weighing pounds must exert a pull over that exerted exerted ex ex- on level ground of pounds when climbing a grade of 10 per cent or one which rises ten feet Jeet in Obviously this must operate to reduce the pull available for overcoming soil soli resistance resistance resistance resist resist- ance by about three and a half horsepower horsepower horsepower horse horse- power or cuts the power of a ten horse power tractor to six and a a half horsepower horsepower horsepower horse horse- power on the grade As a a tractor has no reserve power as a rule over and above its Hs rating which can be e drawn upon to meet such an an emergency the efficiency of the tractor must fall taU On hilly ground I it must run slower to compensate or it must pull fewer bottoms or 01 at less depth I CONDITIONS VARY I It is obvious therefore that the farmer who has has' had no experience with mechanical mechanical ical power easily falls into the erroneous belief that a tractor at normal plowing sp speed ed will exert the same as will ten horses at the same tame speed I it will do so under all circumstances He lie I makes no allowance for or the tho lack of elas elasticity in to tractor power and does not ap appreciate appreciate ap- ap I the advantage which horses have In this respect For the same real reason n he is more than likely to underestimate late the power a tractor tractor tractor trac trac- tor should have to meet the soil soli conditions conditions conditions' con con- on his farm Estimating his power needs by the number 0 of of horses he has been accustomed to using Ising In iq III the past which is the only standard he has hasto hasto hasto to go by he very naturally thinks that if six six- of his horses can pull a two- two bottom Inch fourteen sulky gang he can cando cando can cando do the th same thing with a tractor which rates yat nt at six horsepower at the under the same conditions When he finds that he cannot he is much inclined to bame the tractor Instead of his own miscalculation From such mistakes the dealer must save him This constitutes the beginning beginning beginning begin begin- ning o of service and must be rendered before before before be be- fore the farmer buys To do this the dealer must know what limitations the tractor labors Jabors under in the delivery of its power and how varying conditions affect the maximum power It will wm de de liver MUST BE INFORMED I lIe He must have a general knowledge of how speed grades soil resistance and other factors affect tractor efficiency and andI I how much allowance must be made for tor them Knowing these things and h haw w to apply them the dealer is in a position to advise the farmer as to the type and size of of tractor the latter should have which will be capable of meeting the conditions upon that farmers farmer's land In selling a tractor to a farmer the dealer should know with a reasonable degree of accuracy the character of ot the soil the farmer will have to plow the grades he will be compelled to surmount the size of his fields and other similar factors These facts the dealer can ascertain with sufficient accuracy by observation orry tor or torby by 1 inquiry so that he will be aple to say ry with 1 practical tI la precision I Just sta about o what the farmer actually needs In the way of ot a tractor There are are dealers dealers and and they have been singularly successful In the selling sell of tractors who tractors who positively refuse to make a sale until after they have secured Information in information information In- In formation on all these matters In Instances Instances Instances In- In stances many of them are record where the dealer has declined to sell th the farmer farmel what the latter thought he wanted because the dealer knew it would not meet the conditions would not accomplish accomplish ac ac- what the f farmer expected and would result in trouble and tion These dealers knew what was the probable maximum of difficulty tractor a would have to encounter on a given farmand fArmand farm farmand and Insisted upon the farmer armer buying a machinS which would compass it When the dealer daler has insisted it has happened almost almot i n that in time the farmer has testified to the superior wisdom of the dealer and has acknowledged his a obligation for or the service rendered |