Show r HYGIENE ANDi AND i SANITATION r. r I and Municipal Health fi ie Work I PROBLEM T TO SECURE GOOD HEALTH DEALTO LAWS England d Conceded to Lead World in These Matters PURE WATER IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE Disposal s1 l of oi Garbage Garba andL andL and L L Sewage Has Caused i Much Huch Trouble t r l BT 1ST r FREDERIO J. J HASKIN Tb The greatest problem to bo ba solved tn tie the promotion of f the public health io to thc tha of ot adequate ade ajie Js h low how passage palla e quate laws and ordinances f for r the forward of f proper health ac This haiku back to o the t e individual indi- indi vidual citizen en since it it is upon an ILU ini in- in i sentiment that adequate financial support depends that thet proper enforcement nt t of ot legislation e i r rests resU t and andl of tho masses mase in l that the c operation co-operation n fr work that cannot be accomplished by statute i is based Through h the international inter inter- r national congress of hygiene and de demography dem- dem phy L the lie attention of of the world has b been en brought to tho most successful success success- ful efforts that have bave bee been m made indo do to I solve lve div divers rs le s that t arise before the th health officers cr n in whom is reposed in the trust trustY of getting the whole people to look after tho health of the whole Community It is Ic generally conceded c. c n ed thai England land leads cads tho the world in these e h off office ic M told tola the con congress just how w England toN bout bout it The det details ils of her dee health the cou county count li d departments a and d the borough boroug aIth d departments were carefully pie pic- i taxed Denmark end and Germany and arid Ja- Ja n were iere all aU heard beard from k Europe HatS Has ae Pure Wat Water r. r As stated in a a previous s' s article a icle Europe Eu Eu- rope ope leads in the matter of pure water for for- municipalities and while some of Americas America's most progressive citi cities s have come c nie me to approximate te the highest t Eu European Eu Eu- 1 standards in In that direction a 1 1 large e maj majority rity of them hom ha have e es e's s sonic some tI e die dis- tanco tance yet to go o b before foro being rea ready y to challenge comparison with leading Eu Eu- Top opun au mu municipalities The sanitary c control of watersheds ia isone one of Off the the- favorite favorite fa fa- American methods methods' of of- protecting city wat water r supplies Some cities cities' buy large areas are of land land- Jand where it can be bou bought ht at reasonable fi figures re while t. t others acquire e certain rl rights which L permit the tho protection of the supply from the I invasion of dangerous germs Other cities purify their water by t. t tora storage and filtration nitration Washington ton has hasi I i one of the finest storage o and filtration r plants plante in iu the western hemisphere t t In some seine European cities the problem r is u attacked bv by sterilizing the water t th ozone Sterilization by the tho application ap- ap 1 of f the invisible ultra iolet I II I r rays of U light ht is another method resorted rey re- re re-I re y sorted to and it is b shown that disease fa germs ormi coming in contact with these I sprays ras of light which the th e eve ve cannot t see land and which possess no visible attributes Lre are instantly killed It is these rays Cin iI In the sunlight ht that are so 80 fatal to tuberculosis tub germs and their kindred and explains why sunlight bt puts an an end end ena Chlorine n compounds are are also i used in sonic some quarters with sU success 3 V M WV VM M A l M M ifo t Continued on pa page 5 6 PROBLEM TO SECURE GOOD HEALTH LAWS Continued from 1 page pago a 1 1 Colonial hygiene ne ha hM alga s been more mora successful than home hy hygiene since ince in the colonies the government ran cart tell the people just what t must be belone lone Clone and thou then there is no getting around it This principle to finds a counterpart counter coun conn- ter art in the case of t tho o military man manan an and th tho civilian Tho The D military man must obey orders while the civilian usually insists upon hem being n a law Jaw unto himself This explains w v tho UtO death ra rate to in the army Is less than ihan amon among men of r ages in civil life as and l. l why colonial possessions usually enjoy bett better r health than do their home coun coun- tries We Ve 1 find nd that true relatively relatively- not only in Panama but in porto Rico andi and i the Philippines as well There when t compulsory a vaccination is ordered no noc f. f c back talk avails Everybody is vac ae yao ciliated and smallpox is ie promptly wiped 1 off tho the map Thero l' l era when al all water containers contain rs are ordered C covered or over- over and all garb garbage ago receptacles covered inspectors go llO around to see that it is done dont Thoro There when the health auth authorities pull puB the strings s the people i shove move and one of the brightest pages in American l history stor has been our OUI suc BUG cess in saving tens of thousands of at I lives annually through the enforcement of sanitary principles in our colonial posse possessions ions Tho The canal anal zone rono in particular par ear ar- ar stands out in this re regard rd just KB Rf did our work i in III Cuba With With Col w W. W C. C C Gorgas as s administrative officer although h three fourths of the population population tion of the zone are ne negroes who know knot less Jess about sanitation than those of i r New cod Orleans and aud Washington the death rato rate has been forced down to toj j F. F perhaps a fourth or even a 3 fifth of what it might ht have been bat for sel sd- v I sanitation Another lino of or sanitary activities of or has to do with the disposal of or I wago and garbage GarbaS' Thero a again Eur European Eu- Eu r 1 rop an cities dUes show a a. better average than f American spies cities and man many prominent sewerage experts from Europe are In a attendance at- at t- t upon the se sessions of or the in in- L congress of or hygiene and to tell teU how many of the problems of or waste aste disposal havo have been i solved ol by them In Birmingham Birmingham England Eng Eng- land there are extensive oxidation atlon beds bed for the th purification of or sewage but hut the they like a very great of th the other successful srul methods of or Rew ago gu disposal had exper- exper experiments their bw banning In the epochal exper- exper made at tho Lawrence Mass 4 3 experiment station It Is gratifying to toi i American patriotism to h hear Dr Travis vi the British sewage expert declare that t Ef the conception of th lh tank and m the th the oxidizing b beta beds la Is Ul the result of ot closer close dose p r study o of the tho num experiments made madeK madet K at Lawrence b by tho Massachusetts board fr t 11 of health Dr Karl KarI Imhoff Imhof came overt over I L from froin Germany to tell ten of methods of or die dis- r t posing of sludge flud e the settlings of sew sew- I. I K- K aRe age He has a a. specially constructed p 8 of tanks In tn which this material Is Ie kept for months and then forced out by I f sewage ewaS pressure for tor spreading on sewage 1 sewage sew sew- age ase beds and final disposal His Idea Is Isa isa a II modification of the tho Travis Idea which frankly acknowledges Its debt to Law Law- renee rence One of the tho favorite ways of disposing I of or the sewage age of or is by discharging it In rivers or tidal waters Tho best beat eat bas has demonstrated that where I there there- la le II a flow now ol of forty five gallon gallons of water yater per pel second for each thousand of or I population or whore there thero 1 IB Is s a tidal current of a mile mUc and a 0 half an hour the tho conditions created In tho the livers ers ma may bo ho unobjectionable Where hero other l- l l Is necessary tho the sewage la 18 a usually run through big settling tanks tanka where most of ot the thc organic material Is s depolt- depolt J At the same came ame time It IB It treated with chemicals to partially purify purity It t. t The TIle liquid qUId Is Js then carried over extensive travel beds where it Is spray sprayed d out like Wa water water- or from ora a a. lawn sprayer Prayer and permit permit- permitted 4 ted to filter filler through th the prepared l b beds liege rage Farming Panning Another method of or sow sewage age disposal lIl la Ie IN ugh sewage l farming tanning with an acre aero of of land for tor each f hundred of ot population the sewage deposited d dally daily IJ varying from 2000 to to gallons per acre cr Land of Rood VU Absorbing Qualities must bo be BC- BC fa faed cured ed and the the l sews a farm must mut b bo lard rt oft into sections bo iv Care mu must t bo bon taken n n not H to overtax a piece of ground at handers hander's oxidation and causes tho soil to o Ket get sewage sick sick It must bo be rate well er lined eo so that the tho purified r have H from which the lire Impurities that been filtered out can i escape The Tho re sewage guI i. i 1St turned Into big biff furrows at intervals n and tho crops crop a art are f h the rj ridges g between these It constitutes a a. HOJ sort of Corall fer Cor or- or all as Irrigation and at Berlin acre i. i much h hes n. n U as five Ave lv tons of bay Ily to tho the thos tho's s 's g o. o bf been cn b for ln Berlin paid hut but ut Or its 5 awa sewage t farm ann plant I the tho bl rha Inter interest from i SG ece a profit of I 60 a year ar l 11 n Ja Gabor Jr 1 Tt It In to Into manned by b Con to natural Life Uta t on sewage farms is notably healthy A Atho At Al tho Parla se sewage c farms there thoro IB la lar freedom from water yater horno borno diseases Ies and the tIle death rate I. I In Is cOIl constantly ing Ing- It Is predicted that this ultimately will bA the method of or sewage disposal 1 generally adopt adopted d Combining all an th tho th advantages of IrrIgation find and heavy fertilization fer and having ha demonstrated d the t t it need not be bo injurious to health 1 Itma It t ma may be ba employed ns as a method of dIe dH- that is not a financial drain upon n the community Tho The evils of or the smoke nuisance an and d methods of overcoming It Jt got ot their spar share e of attention at the hygiene congress while the city planning with a a. view Mew t to o the promotion of ot public health tho the tenement tenement tene tone ment meat house problem ai as related to tuberculosis tuberculosis tuber tuber- and the assistance of or rural com corn communities communities In the betterment of ot their thel r sanitary conditions claimed mud much I attention Other questions involving g state slats and municipal hygiene extended extend extend- ed even evento to to the problems of sox sex an and a eugenics I Dr r. r Charles B. B Davenport Davonport perhaps Americas America's foremost authority oi on r heredity and eugenics told toM tho the con e how practical social application of ot th tho e laws of heredity might be made mad for th the Improvement of the the- therace race while Dr Raymond Raymond Raymond Ray Ray- mond Pearl of Maine revealed a a. pros program b o whereby a pension enlon system might bo made to old in tho the work olk of ot breeding a strong and sturdy race rac of people r n this country The success that has lias attended th time the application application ap 01 of state and municipal by hygiene en e In n tho the United States has been seem seemingly phenomenal In four years rears Dr Dixon o othe of or orthe the h Pennsylvania state board of or health healt h and his lieutenants were able to reduce o the he relative number of or deaths in the tho stat o b by iy Other states wh where re I action has h ben n taken show the tho sam me j I great groat gains |