Show Editorial Digest Clouds on the Eastern Horizon From Our Paris Bureau THIN a a. few Cew weeks the tho Japanese Anglo-Japanese treaty of alliance comes up UI for tor re reI re- re newal As this treaty Is I practically the textbook of at Far Eastern astern affairs Its renewal or modification Is of or the highest Importance Importance Im Im- to all nations having hl In IntErests Interests Interests In- In rests tE-rests In the orientI orient orient- It had been supposed that the pact would be renewed on substantially substantially 1 the old terms but China Chino has hns I Ion Insisted on startling the world as I Ithe i ithe the tho London New r-ew Statesman put It The New c Statesman which es espouses I es-I a v very ry moderate kind of at op- op op opportunist socialism thinks that tho signs ns of at trouble are plain for tor everone everyone everyone ev ev- to see sec and goes on to say The Tho Chinese minister has presented pre pro a memorandum to the BritIsh British Brit Brit- ish government pointing out that China takes strong objection to the renewal of at the Japanese Anglo al al- al liance She objects to being treated treat I ed merely as a territorial entity She calls attention to clauses In Inthe I tho the agreements made between us usand and the Japanese in 1005 1905 and 1911 In which matters affecting China Chino are dealt with without her assent Differences are pointed out In the texts of at the tho first and later agreements agree agree- ments ments differences differences to the dl disadvantage disadvantage ad- ad vantage of at China And there It Is urged In view of tho the fact tact that beneath the framework of what Is Ison Ison ison on the tho surface a self denying ordinance ordinance or or- vital and far reaching changes have ha acquired the sanction sanc- sanc tion of ot the contracting parties Chinese opinion is not unnaturally distrustful of at any renewal of ot the agreement Furthermore as China by ratifying the Austrian treaty has become a member ot of the league of at nations which she assumes was created in good faith she sho Is advised that a n contract In regard to her affairs between other members of at the league cannot be bo entered Into without her prior consent consent consent con con- sent article X of at the league covenant covenant cove covo- nant being sufficient guarantee guarante that her territorial Integrity willbe will willbo willbo bo be respected What He lies behind this pathetic protest Everybody knows the tho answer Behind it lies tho the relentless aggression of at Japan the desperate anger and and hatred of China and the growing fear that we wo are arc prepared to abet the Japanese Japanese Jap Jap- anese designs The aggressive aggress policy of ot Japan Is no myth mth and very cry little of at a secret ae- ae cret the New Statesman continues contin ues pointing out that for Cor twenty- twenty five years ears the tho Japanese have steadily pushed their gains on the tho Asiatic mainland first conquering China In 1695 then assuring the possession of at Korea b by defeating Russia Hussla ten years later and exactIng exacting exact exact- In ing a recognition of at Japans Japan's pre pro dominant Interest In that unfortunate unfortunate country and country and Chinas China's u went b by the board Both England and tho the United States have recognized Japan as having special interests interests' In Manchuria and antl Mongolia Then Ihen there were the fa famous famous fa- fa twenty one demands demands' of at 1915 which later were cre crystallized into treaties which hung hun like millstones around tho necks of or the Chinese delegation at the peace conference Then tho the Shantung settlement settlement- China protesting by refusing to sign the Versailles treat treaty Then the pretended antl bolshevik campaign campaign cam cam- palen in Siberia We e do not proCess profess pro- pro Cess fess to know know and and we do not imag- imag inge that anyone beyond the inner circles of ot Tokio knows says sas the tho New Statesman all that Japan has done and is doing dains or has got or is going to get Set in that pious a ven- ven ture tm-e But Dut we wo should be surprised to hear that she has lost h by It But bad as it is an and jus Justified titled as ns the tho Chinese protests may be as be-as as witness many Japanese c newspapers pers this pers-this this Is not the che whole case For Ir Japan hap haq a case she case she Is 15 not guided guided guid guid- ed b by mere wanton Imperialism the article continues Her population population tion Is overrunning her food supply supply supply sup sup- ply having Increased from fifty to seven fifty millions In ten years year This rate of at increase increase a year seems year seems not to abate But America and Australia bar the Japanese so Japanese so Japan is forced to turn toward the mainland of or Asia This ma may manot not Justify the policy polley toward China but It helps to explain It Then there is tho condition of or China which Is not nol II simply a weak nation being bullied bullied bullied bul bul- lied U by a n stron stronger er but bul a huge state without all any re real tJ unity tho the I prey of ot warring factions China has an Incredibly feeble and corrupt corrupt corrupt cor cor- rupt government which lives largely by and for or foreign loans Its writ does not run In the tho provinces the masters there are military governors maintaining themselves as ns practically independent independent independent inde inde- pendent despots by arms and antI robber robbery But the New Statesman goes goe goeson goeson s on China must have help and where can she get it She Sho calls culls callson on the league of or but itcan It Itcan Itcan can Jo lo 0 no more In eastern Asia than It can do In Europe Britain and Franco have havo connived at nt Poland Poland Po Po- land attacking Russia without the sll slightest regard for the tho covenant cov cov- America again Is IK a slender r reed to lean upon The Tho United States has been regarded as 8 the traditional friend of ot China but in view of at nil all that has happened happened happened hap hap- during th the past year a good man many disappointed Chinese j I have asked themselves them whether this traditional friendship was I anything more than violent prejudIce prejudice prejudice dice against Japan And the American refusal of at the Japanese claim lm for recognition of ot racial equality was not merely merel a bitter found to Japanese pride it was wasa wasI I a disaster for China Chinn since it inevitably In InI Inevitably In- In e strengthened the hands I of the militarists against the thC I nascent liberalism In Thus Chinas China's only hope remains Great I Britain but Britain but with the government government govern govern- I m ment nt that we enjoy enjo at present I and Its record before us we e cannot cannot cannot can can- not with decency pretend tor toI to r I recommend ourselves very er en- en to the tho Chinese i Yet Britain can help China Chinn and help reserve peace In the East I because the tho integrity of ot China a and the open open door are not only traditional British policy polley but in I Britain's interest But coming down to the tho question question ques ques- I tion How low tho New hew Statesman concludes I We Va seo see no possible good In with Japan Th The Tho Japanese Japanese Japanese Jap Jap- anese are arc a dl discontented nation nation- economically discontented they will not become more contented by our desertion or any less a aI I danger to the peace of or the tho world Nor 01 do wo we 0 see how our breaking with Japan would help China China Chinn must bo be reconstructed with the aid of ot ourselves and of at Japan paradoxical as that may sound If It wo o honestly Intend to assist China we can surely do It best b by exercising a moderating influence e over o Japan from within that 1 Io Is Isto s to say ay as an nn ally of Japan encouraging encouraging en en- Japanese democracy y against Japanese militarism Wedo V VII We VIIdo do not suggest that the tho alliance ought to be bo renewed exactly on the old terms without an any condi condl- tirns But the Japanese fire are evidently evi evl- evidently dently anxious for tor Its renewal and our alii diplomacy feeble as it ma may maybe maybe be has not yet sunk to the pitch of at being unable to discuss and arran arrange e fair tall conditions Among AmonS' these conditions there must bo a u definite understanding that neither neither neither nei nei- ther Shantung nor an any other part of ot China proper Is to bo be an open field for Cor Japanese exploitation On the other hand there ought to be he bea a 0 definite understanding about the position of at Japan in Manchuria Manch and Mongolia for tor the tho attempt t tit close every avenue of at expansion to the tho Japanese will be as ns futile I gas as sweeping back the sea with a aI I mop nop It can only and ed nd in a dl dlf- In which China will be the first to go o down If It presently this alliance can bo ho superseded by Lt byj bya I ILI j LI larger alliance which China herself ami and the United States so much the better Ai Ar lit l t it if the league of at nations can su supersede u- u per ede all nil alliances it will be bo better better bet lIe ter still In the meantime a I- I neval newal with Japan on Honorable conditions is the he anI only sensible policy I I Germanys Germany's Proportional Representation If It the result of ot the recent German German German Ger Ger- man elections Is chaotic It only reveals a chaotic state of at mind among the German people For Forthe Forthe the tho German electoral system Is s such that the Is an ex exact exact exact ex- ex act map of at German Opinion on the scale of at 1 in according to tho the London Nation which de describes lc- lc scribes the voting system thus Every Ever votes otes cast In an any division for Cor an any party list at once elects the first name on that list and so on with other units of at until a 11 fractional remainder remainder remainder remain remain- der is reached The remainders cast for tor each list are aro then added to together In each geographical group of ot divisions with the result that a few more members arc are elected by these remainders FInally Fi Finally rl- rl nally the fractions votes otes of le less s than which are still left leftover leftover leftover over are aro collected from tram tho the whole reich retch and on their basis a a. last choice Is made from tram the names that figure in each party's parts national nation nation- al lists It is a simple method and It sc secures ures the result that virtually no vote at all can cun be bo wasted The party explains the Nation arranges its candidates in the order order or or- der del of or its preference so that the Individual voter has hns no opportunity opportunity opportunity to prefer Mr 11 A who may bo ho No 6 on the tho party part list to Mr lr X who is No 1 No candidate on onI an any my list can cnn be elected until all nil the I candidates ahead of at him on the same list have been elected It U isas is isas as if for instance the parties In I New York York- state should each put forward a 0 list Hat of ot sa say thirty candidates canI candidates can can- I for tor the whole state Instead I of at nominating by districts The voter would cast casi a ballot for tor the I whole list not for tor individual can can- A party polling sa say say- 1 votes In the state would be bo entitled to sixteen representatives tives from the state list an and the first sixteen names on tho the list would be bo declared elected There Thero would be a a. remainder of or votes not enough to elect the seventeenth soy sev name on on the tho list This remainder would be bo added perhaps perhaps perhaps per per- haps to the same party's parts remainders remainders remainders remain remain- ders from the other middle Atlantic Atlantic Atlan Atlan- tic states there having been a are re regional regional re- re gional convention or primary to establish a middle Atlantic list If It the total of ot the remainders from Cram these states were ere two representatives representatives rep rep- from tram the regional list would be bo declared elected leaving a remainder of The same Caine procedure having been heen followed In other regions regions- New Now En England land south Atlantic north central the etc etc the remainders remainders remain remain- ders deIs from all the regions would be added to together If It this total forthe for forthe or orthe the same party should amount to votes It would elect the first three candidates on a national list nominated by the party's national national national na na- convention There Thero would be an u unused r sed remainder of at votes otes but these would be the only t wasted votes in the whole country Thus Thu all the small parties in the tho United United d States Slates such for tor Instance as th the Prohibition Prohibition party which party which are Iare rarely strong enough In an any anyone I Ione one congressional district to elect electa a a. representative under the tho pres present nt system would have havo representation tion In proportion to their numerical numerIcal numerical numer numer- ical strength throughout the countr coun coun- tr try Needless to sa say geographical representation would largely be lost sight of at under such a method except In so 0 far tar as ns tho the parties would probably take tako pains palos to see seo that all aU sections were pretty well i represented In their lists Furthermore Furthermore Furthermore Fur Fur- the voter would vote for tor fora a party and not for tor an individual I thus making congressmen responsible responsible responsible sible to their parties and party platforms rather than to tho the elec I A representative who I failed tailed to follow his party's program program pro pro- pro pro-I gram would presumably be placed pretty prett low Iowan on the lI list t at ot the next j election |