OCR Text |
Show I THE HI LI.KTIN. BINGHAM j ANVON. I 'AH Attitude Against Postwar Service Sways Congress Public Joins Influential Organizations In Objections to Training; Need for Interim Security Force Argued. By BAUKHAGE Neus Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. In the days that followed Presi-dent Truman's message to congress urging universal military training we, In Washington, waited to see if there would be an echo to the Presi-dent's words spoken so earnestly but with so little effect on the audience before him. There was an echo all right but it was an emphatic rumble of negation. I wasn't surprised I read my listeners' letters. It was interesting to see the way the members of congress reacted to the President's message as he de-livered it I watched them with one eye on the text of his speech as I stood squeezed Into the crowd in the gallery of the house. Varied Reaction To Proposal Here are some of the sentences which I checked as bringing re-sponse: "... above all else, we are strong because of the courage and vigor and skill of a liberty-lovin- g people who are determined that this nation shall remain forever free." (Applause). Well, that was a gen-eral, sentiment. Nothing to do with the subject in hand. There was the statement that we didn't lack faith in the United Na-tions organization, "on the contrary with all we have, we intend to back our obligations and commitments under the United Nations charter." (Mild applause, this time.) Then came the response to the first direct appeal for the measure In hand. The President said: "The surest way to guarantee that no na-tion will attack us is to remain strong in the only kind of strength an aggressor can understand mili-tary power." Applause again but I had the feeling it was for the senti-ment and not the suggested means of Implementing it. When he said that "the basic reason for military training" is to guarantee safety and freedom from an aggressor, there was another demonstration, but not quite as ener-getic and many members, I noted, refrained from any applause at all. The last note is the most em-phatic. "Good applause" followed the President's affirmation that "un-til we are assured that our peace machinery is functioning adequately, we must relentlessly preserve our superiority on land and sea and in the air." But that is just what the congress is not willing to do because it believes the country is not willing to have them do it. I am sure of that because I know they have been receiving, as I have, far more let-ters against military training than in favor of it. Mutt Sell Public Program Today, a man who keeps his fin-gers on the pulse of congress as-sures me that there will never be a universal military training act until a great deal more "selling" has been done by those who believe in It, than has been attempted so far This man, like the writer, is a convert to the cause, so his expres-sion was the reverse of wishful thinking. Both of us, though mem-bers of the American Legion, never favored their program for universal service urged upon congress, be-ginning shortly after the last war. "There Is too much organized op-position," my friend said, "such powerful Influences as the federal council of churches, some influential members of the Catholic church, virtually all of labor so far (and this includes the CIO and the AFL which often nullify each other's ef-forts) the colleges and the unorgan-ized group which might be called simply 'the mothers.' " Where do the returned veterans stand? It is too early to say. If they follow In their fathers' footsteps they will eventually vote for prepared-ness. It is the tendency of men who have seen service to place a hi: value on thorough preliminary training. But they will not become vocal unUl they Join the ranks of the World War I veteran organizations or build others of their own. There Is, however, another force which may change the picture a change in the international set-u- p which will Inject the element of fear into the people's attitude and since fear starts the adrenalin flow-ing that usually means action. Meanwhile, there are those who feel that complete preparedness not only is essential in the interim, even though a future world security or-ganization is moving swiftly to fruition, but that it will also act as a stimulus toward such a goal The argument runs briefly: We must prepare to enforce peace, or prepare to fight a war. Many mem-bers of congress realize this and would undoubtedly support the President's program if they felt they could do so without flying in the face of the majority opinion of their constituents. I do not intend to use this column as a platform upon which to debate the issue now but 1 would like to present a viewpoint expressed by a medical man which made considerable impression on the comparatively few Washington-ian- s who heard him address a re-cent meeting in the capitoL The speaker was Dr. G. B. Chisholm, one of the world's foremost psy-chiatrists, who served as chief medi-cal officer of the Canadian army and is now deputy health minister of Canada. 'Maturity Needed For Peace His thesis is that "this is a sick world, with an old, chronic but ever-more extensive and serious sick-ness. Its sickness has recently be-come acutely dangerous and the fu-ture is uncertain indeed." It is a sickness which has made us "the kind of people" who flght major wars every 15 or 20 years. The cure is education. Just as in-dividuals become neurotic because they are not mature, and thus are unable to cope with the situations they must meet, so the world has developed a behaviour pattern which produces something which no-body wants: war. We must have enough people who can show tolerance, be patient, and above all have the ability to com-promise These are qualities of ma-turity, Dr. Chisholm points out, and people, mature in this sense, would not want to start wars and would prevent other people from starting them. But the doctor realizes that edu-cation will not produce such matur-ity in one generation. But such a state must be realized or we face one of two alternatives. Either we must become a race of trained killers, or a race of slaves. Until we can achieve education sufficient to avoid such horrible fates, "for so long as it may take to change the bringing up of chil-dren enough in this world, our close watch on each and everyone in the world should not be relaxed for a moment." The first step in eradicat-ing war is an attainable stopgap, Dr. Chisholm believes. Security must be achieved and the valid fear of aggression eliminated. This means legislation backed by imme-diately available combined force prepared to suppress ruthlessly any appeal to force by any peoples of the world. The administration of such a force is a delicate problem but it can be devised if and when the great power really wants it. The second step would be to pro-vide the opportunity for all to live peoples on economic levels which do not vary too widely, either geo graphically or by groups within s population. This means a redistribn tion of material. This is possiblr since there are enough resource? in the world to go around. It Is impossible in this space to d' justice to Dr. Chisholm's views bu the main points are these: he feeU that man has developed one consist ent pattern of behaviour whid causes him to indulge in a majoi war at frequent intervals; that go ing to war represents immaturity that immaturity can only be cure-b-education beginning at childhoo with an accent on the "sciences u living"; that until we achieve ma tunty we must unite ruthlessly t. suppress the effort on the part ol any nation or anyone in any natior to start a war. Psychiatrists may not solve th. problem of world peace but it is saf to say that immature laymen won't either. Meanwhile, what congress must decide is how dry the countn ' wants to keep our powder nS saBnaaBafchaiawimart Vwv GRAY frost-brow- n stubble and green of the pines but even better looking the bbek and white or the brown and white of a pointer or siHor freezing into action on the COVey point the only competi-tor who reaches top competitive form as immovable as marble. Quail hin ting witli a good dog may not be the king of sports, but a good many millions think so and their day isn't far ahead. And the dog Is really the king of this autumn and winter thrill. This occurred to us uiii ii we ran into Andy Sage, the Long Island sports-man, who owns and develops more champion held trial Qranlland Rice dogs than anyone we can recall off hand. His dogs have won the national championship six times, four of them in a row against the former record of two in a row. They have also won the big fu-turity seven times in a row and they will be Just as hard to beat in the coming tests on ahead. "My best dog," Mr. Sage said, "is Ariel, winner of six championships. Ariel is now seven years old but can still range with the best. There are three fundamental qualities that make a great bird dog scent, speed and stamina. In Held trial tests there is also the matter of ranging class or form to be considered. In my opinion It is harder to breed and develop a champion dog than it is a champion horse. There are many good bird dogs, of course, but few great ones that can win champion-ships against the best. Ariel le my pick but Luminary isn't far behind." Field Trial Thrills Clyde Morton trains the Sage en-tries in a secluded hamlet known as Alberta, Ala., which isn't far away from Selma. These champion-ship field trials range all the way from Saskatchewan and Duluth to East Tennessee and while there are no rhutuel windows, no football or baseball cheering, they have just as great a thrill for those who love the hunting dog and who travel far dis-tances to see the best at work The judges in these championship tests give their time, attention and devo-tion to their work without any pay and they contribute a big part to any field trial's success. Thousands of and millions of others now in the woods and fields enjoy a double thrill. The first Is the work of the dogs, without any question the most eager form of life in pursuit of the quarry. The next thrill comes at the covey's rise when the tense silence Is suddenly broken by the whirr ol many wings an easy looking target but an elusive one except for the ex-perts. The first average tendency is to shoot too quickly and also to blaze away at the covey in place of select-ing a single or double target. One of your correspondent's great-est shocks is to fire and see no feathers fall where so many feathers seemed to be at a close and unmiss-able range. When you take up the major thrills of sport, the football player can offer a long run through a broken field or a long completed pass. The golfer has his long iron dead to the pin. The baseball player can counter with the home run or the triple. The horse player will take his chance on hitting a 50 to 1 shot on the nose or winning a husky daily double. The Elusive Ttirkey You can hear the clamor of the 10 milium fishermen, moving from trout to bass to salmon to tarpon. But the nearest thrill to the dops working and the covey rise is to see a wild turkey light in a tall pine close to your hide-ou- t and then try to spot him later only 20 yards away, as all 20 pounds of him suddenly vanish and yet you know he is there. Here is the greatest of all camou-flage artists. The incomparable will o' the wisp. Yes. even with a few occasional diamondbacks thrown in, I'll take turkey hunting and give you the memory of a putt with the match all squared on the 18th green. No wonder Andy Sage would rath-er have Ariel than another Man o' War. Or would he? Field trials now cover a big part of the country. For example, Duluth has become a leading center in this respect where next spring Duluth sportsmen expect to hold one of the leading trials of the season. The East also has its trials and its share of good dogs. For here is sport in the final mean-ing of the word. Beau Jack Warms Up On the way to another football gathering we got offside and bumped into Bowman Milligan and Chick Wergeles, who are handling the pugilistic destinies of ti p returning Beau Jack. "We have sent Beau Jack back to Augusta to ready for his next fight," Chick Wergeles said. "He weighs 144 pounds now and will soon be down to 140. Beau Jack is to meet the winner of the Janiro-Grec- o fight late in December. Hill Throat I Tmimmmmmmmm duetocftfl Let a little Vicks VanoR,,k 7 Put a good iHwlof toiling Wat,T.wSSa comes as you breathe in ZM medicinal vapors that pSB coldongested upper breachwM sages . . . soothes fits of coughing, tolpsdSttS For Added Relief, v?M throat, chest, back. iJWM double-actio- n keep M on working ICH hours as you sleep. V VapoJH I "The Grains Ate Great roods" I V Kellogg's Cora Flakri bring l H nearly all the pnitfitivefoodtle. I H menu of the whole Krin decided I cnential to human nutrition. I Buy Victory Bonds How To Relie Bronchitis Creomulsion relieves promptt cause it goes right to the seaj trouble to help loosen germ laden phlegm, anoaw"-- flamed teno. to soothe and heal raw, bronchial m u COW 1 branes. Tell your drugget to u & bottle of Creomulsion derstanding you must like me quickly allays the coufrh or JUI bach.. CREOMULSIO forCouehs.ChestColds.Bronc Famous to relieve MONTHS m FEMALE A t MISERYm (Also Fine Slomatliit lH Lydia E. Plnkham's v';bl'0M pound is jamous to ,l monthly pain but also "reM nervous, tired, hlnlistru , when due to functional P' m turbances. Taken regUlMO build up resistance a"1"! tM tress. Plnkham's Compound ture! Follow label cllm-tin.i-aBasI iSUmmmmW '&mmW& KaaaaaPSanaaaaaaaalata 11 mm wmmm ssmsamszi 1. Frank Duryea (left) at the tiller of his car at the start of the first automobile race In the United States held in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day, 1895. Beside Duryea Is Arthur M. White, an umpire. Fifty years ago J. Frank Duryea and his brother, Charles, formed the Dursca Motor Wagon Corp. They made and sold 16 of the quaint machines in 1896. Theirs was the pioneer automobile manu-facturing company of the United States. The 1895 model was de-scribed as a vehicle running "on four wheels with pneu-matic tires and ball bearings. Speed is controlled by a prop-er arrangement of gears, cones and levers," The Duryea company, de-spite its early start and the prestige enjoyed by the car following the victory in the American automobile race at Chicago on Thanksgiving Day, 1895, faded out in the 1900s. &3ears Automobiles By AL JEDL1CKA years ago, H. H. FIFTY editor and of the old Chicago Times-Heral- d, took up his pen to make this daring predic-tion to a skeptical public: "The horse still has work to do but motors are coming in and they will, in the end, be cheaper, faster and more economical. They will of ne-cessity command ultimate supremacy. The law of selec-tion, the survival of the fittest, is going to play its part in carrying it out as it has played it in everything else in the world." machines, economy of operation, and appearance or design. Three of the contestants dropped out early In the race, one gas-drive- n job failing to obtain sufficient traction in the slippery going, and two electric-powere- d vehicles retir-ing because of battery limitations. Only Two Finished. That left three d ma-chines in the running, with one, the Rogers, entered by the Macys of New York, falling out after first col-liding with a street car and dam-aging the gearing and then running into a hack and bending the steer-ing apparatus. With four vehicles eliminated, only the Duryea Mo-tor Wagon, piloted by Frank Duryea, and the single-cylinde- r imported Benz, driven by Oscar Mueller and Charles King, remained to fight it out. Traveling the distance in a lit-tle over 10 hours, Duryea crossed the line first, with King, who re-lieved Mueller after he collapsed under the tension, following close be-hind. Though the winning car is not on exhibition at the museum, a surre-y- type Stevens-Durye- a model of the 1900s is to be seen, with its brass kerosene lamps, folding top and leather mudguards. A four-seate- r, the driver was situated in the back, with the engine beneath him. First to win an American automo- - apparatus after a previous test had miscarried when the car caught fire. Coming in the same decade was the closed car, which also represent-ed a marked advance in the motor industry since it permitted year-roun- d use of vehicles. On exhibi-tion at the museum is a 1918 custo-m- built Pierce, with an open driv-er's seat and a closed rear, fash-ioned after the elaborate horse-carriage- s of old with oval windows and fabric upholstery of pearl gray. Also shown is a gray 1916 Overland coupe, with the low slung body and high, box-lik- e cab. In 1924, automobile engineering made another significant advance In the installation of four-whe- brakes on Buicks, adding to the safety fea-tures of motor vehicles and increas-ing their appeal to the public. The same year, C. F. Kettering made another notable contribution to the industry, developing ethyl gasoline, which increased compression in au-tomobile engines and resulted in greater power and efficiency and higher mileage. Toward the close of the 1920s, the old custom-buil- t automobile which had dominated the industry since poduction got under way in the 1900s was replaced by the standardi-zed car. As a result of the perfec-tion of mass production, more auto-mobiles were turned out at lower prices, putting motor cars within This is one of the handsomest of the new ears, the Packard Clipper for 194S. The dashing appearance has been achieved by redesigning the radiator grille and by more massive sideguard bumpers. Colorful new interiors and clean-line- d modern styling also enhance its beauty. There have been many mechanical improvements, too. Kohlsaat was drumming up his promotion of the first American automobile race to be run at Chi-cago, 111., with the twin objectives of popularizing the motor car and improving the country's roadways. His was no easy task, for, though the automobile has since become an important economic and social link In American life, it was then looked upon with curiosity and even suspi-cion. Indeed, the nation's farmers then were in the forefront of opposition to the automobile, as exemplified by the affronts suffered by Louis Green-oug- h and Harry Adams of Pierre, S. D., in the early nineties. Having constructed a homemade "horse-less wagon," powered by a gas engine and capable of seating eight, the progressive pair were refused the right to carry pas- - sengers at county fairs, and were even refused permission to drive their vehicle inside the town limits of Mitchell. Said the Press and Dakotan: "It is a dead moral certainty that that Infernal machine will frighten horses and endanger the lives of men, women and children." 'Model T' Arrives. By the time Henry Ford's old Model T started rolling in the 1900s, however, the Americap farmer, like his other compatriots, was rapidly accepting the new motor car. Rad-- ! ical improvements in construction and design have come through the years. A vast. Integrated roadway system presently comprising near- - ly 600,000 miles in state highways alone has been constructed. Almost from the start, the n car supplanted the electric and steam Jobs, proving a steadier source of power and simpler to maintain. The extent of the development of the automobile in the' 50 years, dat-- j lng from the first American race, Is vividly shown in the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry's exhibit in connection with the cele-bration of the motor car's golden an-niversary. It was at the southwest entrance of the present museum, then the Fine Arts Building of the Columbian Exposition of 1893, that the herald-ed race of 1895 got under way, with six vehicles lined up. Four were gas-drive- n of either double or single cylinder motors, and two were elec- - According to accounts, a goodly throng was on hand to see the start of the race from Chicago to Evanston and back. The roads were slushy from an early snowfall. Crowds pressed about the high-wheele-buggy- typ- e vehicles in wonder, only drawing back to permit the drivers to start off. With Kohlsaat bent upon making the race a constructive event rath-er than a circus, strict rules were laid down for judging the winner, with a total of $5,000 in cash prizes. Awards were to be made on gen-eral utility or performance of 'the bile race, Duryea also had the dis-tinction pf being the first to sell a motor car in the U. S. in 1896. Next to the Duryea-Steven- s, the Mobile phaeton of 1900 intrigues moderns used to the sleek stream-liners of today. A surrey-lik- e four-seater with "steering handle" in the rear, this vehicle had an open front and a square canvas top with tas-sele- d fringes. Of wooden structure, the Mobile was smartly trimmed in red and black. Along with the old vehicles, the Model T Ford of 1908 proves of especial interest to spectators, mile-stone that It is in American motor history. None can mistake the Old T with its high top supported by metal brackets, its leather seats, shining black body, brass headlights and lamps and octagon-shape- d hood. Next comes the big blue Cadillac touring car of 1911, with its high windshield, gears on the outer run-ning board, steering wheel on right, and brass accessories. A four-cylind-car, this model possessed an electric ignition system and head-lights. No More Cranking. It was the installation of the elec-tric starter on the Cadillac of 1911 that marked the first great stride forward in the development of the automobile in the U. S., not only enabling an easier and safer method of operation but also permitting women to take to motoring. In inventing the C. F. Kettering, one of the mechanical wizards of the industry, was spurred by the mishap of a friend who frac-tured his arm while cranking. Like all innovators, Kettering had to run a gauntlet of scoffers, but he got out of a sick bed to demonstrate his new the reach of the average and lower income groups. With the development of volume output, prices showed a consider-able drop between 1925 and 1940, the average in the former year be-ing $1,007 f.o.b. and in the latter $778 f.o.b. Besides, the 1940 cars were heavier and improvements in-cluded balloon tires, safety glass, all-ste- bodies, finer springs, stur-dier and better finishes, windshield wipers and rear view mirrors. Also in production in 1940 was the automatic shift, which, like the self- - starter, promises to further facili-tate the use of the automobile by the elimination of the hand shift, oft so befuddling to the more nettle-som- e motorist. Still a luxury and not in general use, the automatic shift enables drivers to stop and start without the traditional change or disengagement of gears, and pro-vides smooth, fast pickup. Spectators at the museum exhibit were quick to notice the revolution-ary difference between the old horseless carriages of Duryea's days and the new postwar auto-mobiles on exhibit Though repre-senting no radical change over pre-war models, the new cars possess an abundance of chrome grill ex-- 1 tending across the front, sleek streamlining and many mechanical refinements. Indeed, Kohlsaat's prophecy of 1895 that the automobile was here to stay and would prove of the greatest util-ity to the American people has been amply borne out as the museum ex-hibit shows, even if the Press and Dakotan's assertion that the infer- - nal machine "would frighten horses and endanger the lives of men. wom-en and children" has proved to be only too true. A tricycle, car, with its three wheels arranged in imitation of the landing gear of some fighter planes, is being manufactured in Los Angeles. It Is probably the most startling departure from con-ventional automobile design that has been put into actual production. Other features are a aircraft type motor that will give a speed of 100 miles per hour. At or-dinary speeds it will run 40 miles on a gallon of gasoline, its makers claim. The body Is plastic. I Cook Slowly M To make meat tender and 'A cook it at a low temperature. A that is used for stew, soup. andB roast should be cooked slowly some water, in a covered pan. I make it go a long way, mix! meat with rice, cornmeal, beanB potatoes. m Emperor's Role jl In Japan the emperor is A mander-in-chie- f of the army I navy. The chief of staff in botlB" army and navy have direct acH to him without reference to theB inet, a situation which rendersB militarists independent of civil Plan Family Needs I Plan and prepare for yourfanM needs. And do what "befonehM food preparation you can - KM ample make cookies that kdH sandwich spreads and quick nM for biscuits cream sauce anfl Tame, Wild Berries I Blueberries and hucklebeM which are often confused are lar in appearance and use. usual distinction is that the berry is tame and the huckleM wild. W Soap Jelly I There's a use for small bits oM used soap. They can be made uH soap jelly with boiling water then used for hand washing of ings, gloves, lingerie and suS items. Separate Lrttuce To separate a head of lettuceJB out the core of the head with aW Let water from the faucet flow the head until the pressure oim water forces the leavesjP-- J B A R B S . . . 6 y Baukhage Television will be a great help to the police. One way will be ex-posing the rackets of confidence men. War must make people generous The "march of dimes" contribu-tions to fight infantile paralysis in-creased 25 per cent last winter but the War Community fund had a tough battle after the fighting stopped. It take, an orchid seven years to .produce ,ts firs, bloom and one. around the dance floor can finish (t The only American foreign 'c man (Stat, department, e" ware r charges f p'.I. completely -'- e to a re.pon.tt,,, ZiZ nro H s |