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Show TO S IpffiCDTTECiniSU u Wmm DRINKS OF THE FAR EAST lake In Japan, and Sarnshu and Hocshu In China Are National Beverages. Sake Is the national beverage of Ja It has a peculiar flavor not comparable to any European drink, Is made from fermented rice by an Intricate process In winter time and contains from eleven to fourteen per " cent, alcohol, la a It constituent of necessary -every ceremonial Japanese dinner, Is served hot In little ampulla-likJars snd drunk with much formality from squat, earless- - sake cups containing approximately two ounces. 111! To tbe European palate It tastes sour at first, but a preference for it Is readily acquired. Curiously enough It has a more powerful effect on the Japanese than on Europeans. The Chluese have two alcoholic drinks samshu and hocshu. Samshu Is simply another name for arrack, but hocshu Is a much more aristocratic drink. We cannot describe it bet ter than in the words of that Inimitable old buccaneer, Dampler: "This Is a strong liquor, made of wheat, as I have been told. It looks like mum (a peculiar kind of beer made from wheat malt), and tastes much like it and Is very pleasant and hearty. Our seamen love it mightily and will lick their lips with It for scarce a ship goes to China but the men come home fat with soaking the liquor and bring stores of Jars of it homo with them." , It Is put up In small squat white Jars, sealed with a wooden plug, covered with a thick "mass of prepared clay, extending half way down the neck. pan. the songbird of the United State have thrown about them the strong arm of protection. For a quarter of a century there was hard and systematic work to save creatures who were helpless to save themselves and against whom, the hand of man and the H someone has put It, woman of constantly were raised, u perlead to say that the allusion necessary hardly haps woman had to do with the fashion to the head of 9( wearing the plumage of native wild birds for decorations for. bats and bonnets. It was a hard fight to get the masses of the people Interested in the bird protection move pent. Today very little Is known in a general way of tbe manner in which success was wrought out It is not at all uncomman even now to tear the bird protectors spoken of as mere sen timentalists, and there are men who have had a part In the fight to save the wild life who have The truth is that been sneered at as effeminate. most of the men who engaged In the work of the feathered species were ind could prove on occasion that they were bard ODAY 7T 7 Mf "tv ssa? ri t&ZM V I rtsf I I 1 - "v. r-- 1 g hard-heade- listed. only a casual glance at a woman's hat to show that the fashion of wearing feath ers is sun u noi supreme, at least a ruier to a considerable degree. , It should be known, however, that not once In a hundred times do you see on a woman's head today the plumage of a native American bird. The traffic in tbe feathers of bluebirds, robins, catbirds and other dooryard pets has been almost entirely stopped. Eveji those who wish that the plumage-wearin- g habit should cease altogether are powerless to prevent tbe sale of the feathers of certain species of forThe aigrette of which woman Is so eign birds. food Is a part of the plumage of the snowy heron, a bird which lives not only in the United States but in certain foreign countries. If a bird is to be found In America and also abroad the sale of Its plumage Is generally forbidden in the United States, but tbero is, and always has been, some difficulty In proving from whence came the sup ply. Law, generally speaking, has its technicality loopholes and the bird protective law is, not It takes today I II ONE comforting - - ' W ft I . A IT After a lapse of a .wf- - - V i. '."'';. bard for the people of . the present day to realise the enormous numv ber of birds that were slaughtered for the millinery trade alone. "The greatest sufferers were the white p u m ag e sea and swamp birds, such as terns, gulls and heron, numbut incredible bers of land birds also Ill .. t. 1 '''j, were V v :s M ! - . -- ' A Ml",-- ' . III . - 'v 'Ill t cAAVEorcLnm OOATlOJA BGADLEY. KILLED Ji PEfiEOffmnCE Ur DUTY 60 or e some . and , failure." It was the result of an appeal made to congress by the council of the Ornithologists' union that led congress to vote an appropriation of $5,000, the money to be administered under the direction of the department of agriculture for the purpose of taking means to save the Jives of the native American birds which were useful to man. As WUllam Dutcher says further In his story of the protective movement: "In recognition of the action taken by the American Ornithologists' union in securing the Inappropriation, the secretary of agriculture vited the council of the union to select a superintendent to carry on the work and at a subsequent meeting held In Washington. Dr. Clinton Hart Merrlam was selected as the su- perlntender.t and Dr. Albert K. Fisher as his assistant Both of these noted ornithologists were among the founders of the American union." It was from wis humble beginning that the present biological survey, a division of the United States department of agriculture, has grown. It Is perfectly apparent from the letters which agriculturists send to Washington constantly that the work of the biological has its value appreciated more and more every year. The survey has published a great mass of valuable statistics of the food habits of birds and their relation to agriculture and forestry. As has been said, there are Audubon societies for bird protection In nearly every state m the Union. They aTe affiliated In one great society called tbe National Association of AuThe writer of this article dubon societies. from personal knowledge ran speak of the beginnings of one of the largest and most active of the state organizations. Persons who were known to be interested In birds were asked to meet to form a protective A good many persons not par organization. ttcularly Interested In bird protection also were Invited. Several women came to that first meeting, wearing the plumage of wild birds In their hats. At first the society Intended to do Its work by persuasive mission-- , ary efforts, and along this line to a considerable extent the ondsavor has been avar since. ods. So It Is that the bird protectors not only have carried on a great work In the education of children and In moral suasion among the elders, but they have taken cases Into court and have prosecuted wilful and persistent violators of tbe law, until today the bird protective laws are as much feared as any other laws on the statute books. There always have been some laws against the wanton killing of useful birds, but until the men and women of the American Ornithologists' union and of the Audubon society went earnestly at their labors tbe laws were laughed at and violated with impunity and almost always with Immunity. Years ago untold thousands of useful birds were trapped to be sold as pets in cages. The women of the south complained to the women of the north who were engaged In bird protection work that their mocking birds and red birds (cardinals) were being trapped In multitudes because of the demand by the trade In northern cities for caged songsters. The bird protectors of the north took the matter up and In nearly all places today It Is Illegal to sell caged wild native American birds. About fifteen years ago there was a week of zero weather In some of the southern states. The blue bird, which Is a northern favorite, does not go far enough south in winter to escape all of the storms of the winter season. The unusual cold of that winter flrteen years ago almost annihilated the tribe of bluebirds. There were only a few left to come back to the northern fields In the spring. The blue bird, however, was protected, and the efficiency of the Audubon society's work was never more clearly shown than In this case. Tbe blue birds today have recruited their ranks under protection and are as numerous as ever they were. , For years the bird protectionists went ahead with their work with the treasury at a ' low point. It always bad been hoped that some kindly disposed, person would realize the strength and beauty of bird protection, work and would give of this substance to tbe cause. The man known as a scientist nor as a bird student One day, however, Albert Wlllcox saw a newspaper account of some of the bird protection work done by the national Association of Audubon societies and he. wrote a letter asking for more details. He received the information that he wanted and he wrote to say that he was about to make a new will and felt so much pleased with the work of the society that he would give It annually during his a considerable sum of money to be used In carrying on the work of the association, and that when he died he would give the socl ety a legacy of $100,000 In his will, and, hi added, "I may not limit It to this amount" Albert Wlllcox died four years ago. He lefl $100,000 to the Audubon society as he had promised, and In addition he made the socletj his residuary legatee to the extent of one-hal- l his estate. Today the National Association ot Audubon societies, through the generosity ol Mr. Wlllcox. is placed on a sure and lustlni foundation. The bird protective work has beet going on for a quarter of a century. It ha all sorts of trials and tribulations, but toHm It seems that the friends of the feathered kingdom have triumphed In thejr cause. Thi promise Is that there will be no cessation o' the work which means so much to the blrt and more to man. . native financially endowed cor poration known as the National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals has were resulted, although In the Interimtorthere bird prooutlook many periods when the tection In North America seemed doomed to , To lead up to the establishment of the .Audubon societies, of which nearly every state in the Union has one, It might be said that It was not until the year 1883 that the public In the United States awakened to the fact that too many wild birds were being slaughtered, largely for. millinery ornaments and other decIn addition, thousands of orative purposes. song ami Insectivorous birds were killed annually for food. In his story of the movement for bird protection President Dutcher told of the beginnings of the ' crusade to save the lives of the songsters which year by year were coming back to the farm and the garden In greatly decreased numbers. Mr. Dutcher said, speaking of tbe condition In 1883: "The newspapers published Items almost dally on the subject, and many strong editorials were written. A quotation from one of these entitled 'The Sacrifices of' Song Birds' will show the earnestness of the press in respect to the situation: 'The destruction of American wild birds for millinery purposes has assumed stupendous proportions. The unholy work gives employment to a vast army of men and women and this army wages its campaign of destruction with a diabolical perfection of system.' "The editorial In question further refers to details of the work published In other columns of the paper, which furnishes evidence of the ghastly character of the business. The logical result of this newspaper agitation waa that the American Ornithologists' union at Its annual meeting held in New York city September 30, 1884, appointed a committee of Its members to Investigate the extent of the alleged wild bird destruction Knd to devise means to stop the slaughter by legal or any other legitimate method. "This committee found that the claims of the press and of Individuals were not In the least exaggerated, but on tlM other hand did not fully represent the terrible Inroads that birds. were being made on the sen-gam- sacrificed, 70 species being included In tbe lists. In estab-men- t one millinery alone 150 skins of the Baltimore orioles were found. "From the work started by this committee in 1884 the present d . now held In check by the birds, the vegetation creatures would be destroyed by the Insect enemies. So it would seem that If this French scientist Is, right, that In making tbelr fight for tbe birds tbe defenders have been making their fight for man, a fact which is not appreciated by some of those who would suffer were it not for the constant saving efforts of men whom on occasion they have seen fit to call cranks. culture of the United States government The biological survey has been of great Bervlce to the farmers of the United States and to all men engaged either directly or indirectly In any form of agricultural pursuits. When the survey waa threatened with extinction a few years ago by the apparent intention of congress to refuse It an appropriation, the farmers of the United States with the bird protectors and the real sportsmen, rose In Its defense and aaved it The survey probably will bo spared to continue Its useful work as long as the agricultural department has existence. The history of bird protection in the United States naturally and of right, Is connected with tbe history of two organizations, the various tate Audubon societies for the protection of wild birds, and the American Ornithologists New union. Recently William Dutcher of AsYork, who Is the president of the National of fellow a and societies sociation of Audubon the American Ornithologists' union, told the In conornithologists of the world assembled vention in a European city the story of the bird protection movement In North America. Mr. Dutcher and all the other offlccra of the National Association of Audubon societies are men who have devoted their lives to the study of birds and to their protection. A celebrated French scientist Bald not long Mo that If the bird life were to be swept out of existence man could survive only a few Months. Because of the ravages of the lnsecta but It was soon found that while some people were willing to be guided by pleas of humanity and by stories of the destruction of the growing things because of the rapid Increase in Insect life, there were others who could not be reached by any except hard banded meth- quar- ter of a century it is 'Hi I'll Reply. The lawyer for the prosecution had finished bis closing argument and the InJudge, a pompous and dividual, was charging the Jury: He was In the midst of an unusually long and tedious address when he suddenly noticed that one of the Jurymen had fallen asleep. The Indignation of bis honor was boundless. Rapping sharply on his desk he awakened the slumberer, who seemed not at all abashed at being thus caught napping. After glaring at him angrily for a few moments, the magistrate In his most sarcastic tone said: "So that's the way"you attend to your duty.Js ItT You're a fine specimen to have on a jury. Do you think your opinion will be of any value when I send you out to determine the fate of this prisoner?" "Yes, sir," said the juryman quietly, "I think so." "Oh, you do, do you?" shouted the exasperated Judge. "Pray tell me, sir, how long have you been sleeping?" "I don't know, your honor," was the reply. "How long have you been long-winde- d Out of the bird protective movement grew the department of agri- - - THE POMPOUS JUDGE -. tbe biological survey of J ON Sarcastic Denunciation of Sleeping Juror Brings Startling and DIs- exempt. 5f e sur-ve- y lire-tim- e , talking?" , The Power of Etna. ' The eruption of Mount Etna la March has led to a study of the operations of the great Sicilian volcano which presents an Imposing picture of Its gigantic pewer. When the strain produced by tbe accumulating lava In the interior becomes too great to be borne, the mountain often splits open on one side, and there the molten rock pours out and flows for miles down the slope and across the adjacent country. In the eruption of 1883 the southern slope of the mountain was split, an I the Immense fissure has served as an outlet for the lava during several subsequent eruptions. A curious fact is that, owing to the gradual filling up of the fissure, each erup-- ' tlon has occurred at a greater elevation. Thus, In 1883 the outbreak oc- curred at an elevation of 3,440 feet; In 1886, at 4,750 feet; In 1882, at 6.000 feet and In 1910, Companion. at 6,970 feet-Yo- uth's The Llama as a Saddle Horse. In his native country the llama Is trained as a beast of burden, and In this capacity Is very useful, for, hard and wiry by nature, he can carry as much as a hundred and sixty pounds. As a mount, too, he Is quite easy tj train. Indeed, both the llama and the onciko take to the saddle, as to the manner born, when once they have assured themselves that their teacher wishes them well. Their most striking peculiarity as saddle animals, however, Is a strong objection to having their heads in any way pulled about by their riders. So long as their mouths are left alone they will amble along quite contentedly at a fair rate of speed, but If they are ridden by someone with a heavy hand they show a tendency to stop at once, whipping round In a manner distinctly disconcerting to those who do not quite realize what Is going to hapWide World pen. Magazine. Red Deer. The winter home of the American When red deer Is very Interesting. the snow begins to fly the leader ot the hard guides them to some fhoitu ed spot, where provender Is plentiful Here as the snow falls they pack It down, tramping but a considerable space, while about them the snow mounts higher and higher until they cannot get out If they would. From the main opening, or "yard," as It Is called, tramped out paths lead to the near-btrees and shrubbery which y supply them with food. In this way they manage to pass tbe winter In comparative peace and safety. St Nicholas. ' |