OCR Text |
Show 1 Has Traversed Northwest Passage SLOOP WHICH NORWEGIAN On 13 REPORTED TO HAVE MADE THE NORTHWEST OF THE ROUTE. , j PASSAGE, AND MAP the map dotted line marks course of the explorer from Godhaven, Greenland, to Fort Egbert, near Eagle City, Alaska. King William shown on map discovered as point of Magnetic Pole. the expedition has proved a grat success. In round numbers the distance from the magnetic pole to the geographic north pole Is 1,000 miles, If the position fixed for It by Capt. Amundsen 72 degrees 10 minutes north Is correct According to Capt J. C. Ross, who investigated the subject In 1831, the approximate position of the magnetic pole was farther south, or in latitude 70 degrees, 5 minutes and 17 seconds. The problem Is one that has Interested scientists for years. It has not been known with any certainty whether the point sought was fixed or fluctuating or whether It covered a small or large area, The variation of the compass has been a source of vexation to mariners ever since .the Instrument came Into use, and if CapL Amundsen has cleared the mystery he has not only made a valuable contribution to science but has given practical aid to navigation and commerce. The Norwegian government cabled felicitations to Capt Roland Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer, who arrived at Fort Egbert, Alaska, after making his way through the northwest passage and who found the true magnetic pole on King William island. Dr. Frldtjob Nansen anticipates that Achievement a Great One. A Norwegian explorer has at last achieved what daring men of almost every civilized nation has been attempting for more than three centuries. Capt. Roand Amundsen has completed the northwest passage without change of cars," or ships. The fact of the existence of a northwest passage was discovered long ago. Earlier explorers succeeded in traversing It But to do this they had to leave behind the vessels on which they had entered the Arctic ocean, walk some distance over the Ice, and get aboard vessels which had come from the opposite direction. CapL Amundsen has won the distinction of being the first man In the history of the world to navigate the arctic region from Davis strait to Bering strait in one and the same vessel. ' He has realized the dream of ages. When Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 It was with the aim of finding toward the west a shorter and safer route to India than the one around the Cape of Good Hope. He thought when he reached America that he had accomplished hU object Years passed before It became known that what he had found was not a new route to the east but a new world. Efforts then began to find northeast and northwest passages from Europe to Asia. Adolf Erik a Nordenskjod, Russian, completed the northwest passage in 1879. The first great advance in the exploration of the northwest passage was mado by John Davis, who discovered the strait named after him In 1585. Henrik Hudson followed him In 1607, and In 1616Baflln reached latitude 77 degrees. 45 minutes, a record that stood unequaled for 236 years. There was a great revival of arctic exploration In the early part of the nineteenth century. Sir John Franklin was sent by the British government with two ships and 129 men expressly to make the northwest passage. Nothing was heard of the party from 1846 to 1854, when It was learned that It had perished. Numerous expeditions were sent out for its relief, among them that of Robert McClure, who passed through Bering strait In 1850 and went eastward as far as Melville Island. Here it ' was necessary to abandon the ship. In the spring of 1854 McClure and hls crew were met and rescued by McClintocks party, which had come up from the east, and taken back to England. McClure was thus the first to make the northwest passage. For his achievement he was knighted by the British government, promoted by a captaincy in the navy, and highly honored by scientific societies. , The early arctic explorations were commercial In object. It long since became certain that a northwest passage would be' useless for commercial purposes, because it would Exbe practically unnavlgable. for were continued plorations reasons of sentiment and of science. Amundsens voyage is of CapL great Interest from the sentimental and historical standpoints. Its results may also have scientific value. It Is reported that Amundsen has positively located the magnetic pole on King Williams island, and bla observations may enable scientific men to clear up some obscure electric and magnetic phenomena w hich long have greatly puzzled them. TILLER OF THE SOIL HONORED. CONGRESSMAN C. E. TOWNSEND. CONDEMNED HUNTING AS CRUEL Farmer Has Respect and Admiration of All. Within the last dozen years a wonderful change has come over the business of farming in this country. The opprobrium that once attached to the occupation of tilling the soil has given way to a genuine respect and admiration for the farmers, who live better In every way than a majority of those who claim the sordid, gruelling cities as their homes. Most of the farmers nowadays have unmortgaged dwellings on profitable acres. Their sons and daughters go to colleges and technical schools, where they learn how to return to the farms and get more out of the soil than their fathers were able to do. The cities do not offer the attraction to these young people they once held. It is hard to understand why more of the complulners and those who say they can not earn enough to keep themselves and their families in the cities do not go to the agricultural communities, where they are sure of an abundance of food and good shelter. Congressman Charles E. Townsend, who has introduced in revised form d the railway rate bill which passed the bouse last spring, Is entering upon the service of hls second term from the second Michigan district He was born In Jackson county, which he now represents, was educated there, taught school, and served as register of deeds for ten years while he was studying law. Recently he John S. Wise and Thomas B. Reed Alike In Thought John S. Wise used to be one with Thomas B. Reed, the former speaker, in the opinion that hunting of all kinds Is cruel sporL The two were talking on the subject once when the I never big man from Maine said: shot but one bird In my life. I spent a whole day doing that. It was a sandpiper. 1 chased him for hours up and down a mill stream. When at last I potted him and held him up by one of his poor little legs, I never felt more ashamed of myself In all my life. I hid him In my coattail pocket for fear somebody would see how big I was and small the victim and I never will be guilty again of the cowardice of such an unequal battle. v ?Yy 'VWl'-- Ji V. r $(' r iwf4 '"jf 4, , .:- - , 'AV 7 - " ' - ,jU. ' fct , ' , A3 Lb' i The Gjoa. Roand Amundsen Is the first man In history to travel the northwest passage from east to west In his cable message to Nansen from Fort Egbert, Capt. Amundsen says: Gjoa Is wintering at King Point, 69 degrees, 45 minutes west. All well. Left here Aug. 13, at which time the harbor was free from Ice. On Aug. 26 sighted the first vessel, the schooner Charles Hansen of.San Francisco, kilometers Capt. McKenna, twenty-fiv-e south of Nelson Head, Barring Land. Land surveyed In the spring of 1905 to 72 degrees and 10 minutes north, magnetic observation. King William Land, finished June l. Left Herschel Oct 24 with dog sled and arrived here ." to-da- y Escb-Townsen- PUZZLE COUNTERS Change Places and Keep the Greet from Their Enemies. Here Is a little puzzle of the moving counters class-tha- t our readers will probably find entertaining. Make a diagram of any convenient size similar to that Bhown In our Illustration, and provide six counters three marked to represent foxes and three tc represent geese. Place the geese on the disks 1, 2, and 8, and the foxes oo the disks numbered 10, 11, and 12. Now, this puzzle la this: By moving one at a time, fox and goose alternately, along a straight line from one disk to the next one, try to get the foxes on 1, 2, and 3, and the geese on 10, 11, and 12 that is, make them exchange places In the fewest possible moves. But you must be careful never to let a within reach of each other, or there will be trouble. This rule, you will find, prevents your moving the fox from 11 on the first move, as on either 4 or 6 he would be within reach of a goose. It also prevents your moving a fox from 10 to 9, or from 12 to 7. If you play 10 to 6, then your next move may be 2 to 9 fox and goose get with a goose, which you could not have played If the fox had not gone from 10. It Is perhaps unneeesnary to say that only one fox, or one goose, can be on a disk at the same time. Now, what is the smallest number of moves necessary to make the foxes and geese change places? FROOF OF BIRDS INTELLIGENCE Fanciers Tell of Incidents That Have Come Under Their Notice. Several bird fanciers were discussing traits of pets. "My cousin had a gander, said a man, that suddenly developed a desire to set. He was found setting on some round stones, d then on an old tin kettle, then on shirt. So, to satisfy him,, they gave him six goose eggs,' and he hatched them beautifully. But be miscalculated hls goslings strength and walked them to death. I have a parrot," said an .elderly woman, that learned last year to light matches. She takes a match in her bill and strikes It she doesn't rub it against a hard surface. Sometimes the match breaks, but usually it lights. Then the bird drops It at once. Matches must be kept out of her way. Put a boxful before her and she won't stop till all have been an-ol- sovrce of volcajuc Acnviry In a recently published volume on volcanoes Prof. C. Dcelter undertakes to tell why volcanoes have eruptions. Melted rock Buch as Is flung from Vesuvius requires a temperature of 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so that It becomes liquid only far down In the earth, perhaps 60 or 100 mites. Below the outer crust of cooled and solidified rocks there must be a larger zone of rock which still remains solid, because its temperature la less than that of the melting point corresponding to the pressure under which it rests, and below' that again there must be rock or magma in a state of fusion; It Is to this magma that Prof. Doelter looks for the primary source of all volcanic activity. At the same time the depth at which this primary reservoir of magma lies and the pressure under which It is confined are so great that a direct eruption from It la Inconceivable, but when, by movements In the overlying crust or otherwise, a channel Is opened the magma may rise to a depth where it Is surrounded by rock at a lower temperature than the melting point. In those circumstances solidification begins. From all volcanoes large quantities of steam, of carbonis acid and other gases are evolved, and the course of OF COMMITTEE. Congressman Would Give It Record for Dllatorlness. Wadsworth of New Congressman York and Congressman Rlxey of Virginia drew adjoining seats for the cur-resession. This reminded their colleagues of an occasion when the latter upset the New York man with a tart remark. The agricultural appro- priation hill was under discussion and Mr. Rlxey complained bitterly because the proposed measure did nothing for Virginia, although promises had been Mr. made for several years back. Wadsworth, being chairman of the committee which reported the bill, tried to smooth matters over by reThe gentleman from Virmarking: ginia should remember that Rome was That la true, not built In a day. retorted Mr. Rlxey, and If Romlnus and Remus were on the agricultural committee Rome would not be built yet Put Duty Before Everything. Henry H. Rockwell, a conductor on the New York Central railroad and for forty years an employe of that corporation, has been appointed rail-macommissioner of New York state at a salary of fS.OOO a year. He was on his way north with his train and bad reached Albany when news of his ppolntment was brought to him. he "Thank you for the Information, aid to hta Informant, but I must take my train on to Buffalo." Then be raised hts hand to the engineer, swung on board and wss off. d Congressman C. E. Townsend. waa assistant prosecuting attorney for hls county. Ilia borne biographers describe him as a fair orator and a He la 50 years thorough politician. old. Jiu-Jits- Nothing u New. An art of approximately was known n equivalent to Europe In the seventeenth century. Its principles are expounded In a work by one Nlcholai Peters, published at Amsterdam In 1674, and bearing the The Art lengthy explanatory title: of Wrestling, and how one can protect oneself In all kinds of quarrels that may occur; how one can .with agility and rapidity repel til unfair attacks and meet one's adversary with The author anticipated science." many of the characteristic grips of the modern Japanese wrestlers. e Jlu-Jlta- u Word was given: the bugle blow; "Boots and saddles!" It signaled shrill. tlew Up and mount! and each hurseman Astride his steed with a right good-wil- l. Hoofs were pawing anu nocks were . arched; Forth from the camp the troopers marched. In the plains they rode where dread Lurked with doom in the pampaa-graaMany a serpent raised Its head, Battling 'death" from the tangled mass. unseen. Many an Indian skulked Spying from them ciuel-kees; Not for these would the brave ranks swerve; Straight In the line of march they rode. He who would soldier must needs preserve Heart that harbors no craven bode. Into the prattle pressed the band. General Custer In command. ! Noon's sun down from the cenlth beat. Scorching the earth with nithlea rayij Over the ground the quivering heat Bose and danced In a blinding muse. Never a brook or trte was there Serving to cool the fevered elr. Every sound to heart ward went; Click of hoof or the ring of steel. Sudden clank of accoutrement. Never a soldier failed to fe I! While one step from the beaten course Boused to alertness man and horse. DIJ4ED ' Discouraging Theft of Books. One stern old Puritan had printed Thta book Is not on hta book label: loaned." Therefore, If the book was seen outside Its owner's house, .the Inference wss plain to the whole community. Rut think of the perfect condition of all hit books, when they were Inherited by hls sons and daughters! Another, much less delicate motto was: This hook wss stolen from er A gentle William Stoddard! motto was: "Anyone rosy borrow, but a Gentleman returns. Loa Anxeles Times. Penn-llk- e OJ THIJVK. ' Gnllnnt Custer rode ahead, (Hide and chief of a brave commnndl Arrow-straighta good charger aped, Never swerving to either hand, TUI a touch! and the faithful ateed Veered aside In Ida headlong lead. ht What had happened to force their chief Out of hls pathway? What dread foat He a cowaid? 'Twas past beliefl Bllll, Ida way jnust troopeis go. If the General made detour, They must follow him, that la aura So each rider, as up he drew To the place wheie hls chief veered. Slackened hls pace and detour made too, Whilst below in the grass he peered. Wondering whnt he there should sea, That might bailie the cavalry. There deep-hi- d In the prntrle-graa- K ( i j! - f t i - ;:p I s Lay the nest of a meadow-larBlidllngs wee, In a Huffy maus, lltd Tnealh her wings so warm dRrk. Right In the line of march they stood; Lillie mother and tiny brood. k. That was all; but een rough heart heei Gentle acts, and these sof tiler beat For their General's simple deed. Hone for love In Its dim retreat That was all; but In Custer's wakt Bode meek men for a mother bird I sake. Julie M. Llppman, In Boston Pilot' CRVMDS 9 ing Farislana who, before the French revolution, used to accept with gratitude the privilege of crowding ths galleries of the royal dining room to watch the king and hls family at dinner. .When the brewery horse bed ished tbelr luncheon their rubicund driver appeared, took off their nosebags and mounting hls seat drove away. With a celerity surprising In such a bag of bones, the humble old horse moved up to the place vacated by the prosperous team and began to eat the oata left scattered on ths pavement Lazarus did not eat more greedily the crumbs which fell from the rich roans table than did that old, white horse devour the grain which fell from the nosebags of the brewery team. He cleaned the pavement as U It had been gone over with a fine toothed comb and then, with a sigh of repletion which seemed to say: Fate cannot harm fne I havs dined," he settled hack into hls meditations. New York Tress. CRADS CAVSED 9QVAKJE Very curious were some of the explanations given by Chinamen of the recent earthquakes which have been felt at Hongkong, Canton and Macao. y) The Hongkong Dally Presa tolls about Keeps Up Fight For Building. them: "The famous dragon whose T. . Congressman Candler of Mississip, v privilege It has been to give an ocpi, just as soon as he took the oath, casional shock to the earth's crust la v f stut stepped over to the box at the right not held responsible for the recent of the speaker's desk and dropped In a bill providing for the erection of a scare In Macao and elsewhere. Some tm Chinese attribute the last shocks to public building In Tupelo, Miss. This is the third time he has done so and of Canton, whose the water-dragobis predecessor, Private John Allen, The old red schoolhouse in which anger has been raised by the reclamadid the same thing at each session Nathan Hale was teaching at the out- tion works. Coolies are dumping dally since he first went to congress twenty break of the Revolution Is shown In boatloads of sand and stone on the years ago. With wit and story, arguthe accompanying Illustration. It waa poor dragons back, and the beast n&U ment and plea Mr. Allen strove for removed to Its pregent site, provided orally feels hurt. this monument to the glory of hls by the city, at New London, Conn., It appears, however, that the real residential city, hut In vain. Now hls given a new foundation, repairs and causes of the earthquakes were the successor In office has taken up ths paint, costing the Sons of the Amec Macao crabs! Here la the stOy: work. lean Revolution $10,000 or more, and Close by the hot springs In the neighwas dedicated for their headquarters. borhood of Macao stands a small vilWhen President Was Ranchman, lage wherein Uvea an old woman who A characteristic story of President the misfortune to he the mother In has Yeare One Family. Seventy-SiRoosevelt was thus told not long ago The following announcement ap- of an unworthy young man whose sole M. and by an old ranchman who was with pears In the Geneva papers: He was Teddy him In Wyoming: Mme. Edouard Monod regretfully anto us all and he carried water and nounce the death of their faithful serhelped around generally, though he vant, Mile. Gabrlelle Thomasset, who T wss standing In the barroom In waa bona of the ranch. One day the has been In the service of our family sucat Three Forks," said a trava resort foreman came In and said, Tm going foi the last sevecty-Blin years out on the range, Teddy, and will di- cession. The aged servant waa eighty-nin- e eling roan, "waiting for the proprievide all the mavericks I find. Ill years old at the time of her tor to arrive. In the hope of placing a brand half for you, half for me. 'No, death. London Dally Chronicle. small order. While 1 was welling, you went said Roosevelt, 'and youll two cowboys, wrapped In fur coats, Woman Had Done Her Share. ' take your discharge at the end of the own dignity and a reputation as their A gravestone In the West burying week. A nran that would steal for me of the country which would steal from me.' " ground In Litchfield, Conn., Is erected the top riders toward the head of stretches away to Mrs. Mary Duel, wife of Deacon Rutsrs of Principal Nations. John Duel, who died Nov, 4, 17C8, at WUlow Creek, came Into the saloon demandFollowing are the rulers of the the age of 90, having had 13 children, and, marching up to the hsr, cocktail. ed ft of 101 grandchildren, 247 President nations: principal The bartender looked nonplussed and 49 France, Emils Ixmbet; King of Great before her departure to another for ft moment, hut he wss not to bs Britain and Ireland, Edward VII.; Governor-Genera- l of Canada, Earl world. shut out, for he grabbed the biggest glass he could find behind the bar and Cray; King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel of Lumber. Miles Piled Hat of of Immediately got buy. If there was Greece, III.; King George; King Charles E. Gilbert, who has worked anything there he missed putting Into Spain. Alphonso; Sultan of Turkey, Abdul Hamid II.; Mikado of Japan, piling lumber In one yard at Norway, tht glass, from the salt and pepper Mutsuhlto; Emperor of China, Kuang Me, for over twenty ycara, clalma to sauce used to flavor the beer, to the Hsu (hla aunt An rules); Emperor of havs pltod enough to cover a space ot snipping from the ends of the cigars fourteea rods wide and twenty mile whlrh he found In the cigar cutter, 1 Germany, William II; King of Denmark, Christian IX.; King of Sweden, long. This means lumber enough to could not see R, and when he had fioany finished he had two htg beer 0car II.; Czar of Russia, Nicholas U. cover 140 square miles. occupation is fishing. A few days previous to the first earthquake shock experienced In Macao the young man returned home with a couple of crabs and a few small fish. Nothing extraordinary waa noticed at first, but when the crabs had been boiled one of them presented a peculiar appearance, as on the red background of Its ahell stood In gold relief a design In white which resembled s Chinese character. Neighbors wers called and the wise man of the village aoon explained that It was the king of the crabs that had found Its way Into the old woman's kettle. Thereupon the village prophet pre dieted that some great calamity would visit the unfortunate village. Meanwhile the crabs of Macao and the neighborhood, having learned the fate of thelr klng, assembled In great numbers, filling up every available hole and started to shake the earth. Thus was their displeasure at the death of the king crab dearly shown! COCKTAIL AT TH'REB FOUKS ... i ) , SCATTERED In front of a drinking place In Fulton street stood a brewers dray and the portly, prosperous looking horses attached to it were at their midday meal. Haughtily they .tossed their beads, scattering the oats from their well filled nosebaga aa If to emphasize their opulence. Other horses standing In the street and engaged from with scantily filled nosebags which they struggled to extract the last particle of grain, kept one eye set off. said a upon the haughty pair with a look Sparrows" are Intelligent, bird photographer. One day be- which seemed to conceal envy under neath my window a sparrow attempt- an expression which said as plainly ed to take a white feather from a as words: What vulgar ostentation!" swallow's nest The swallow attackNearby stood a scrawny old white ed the thief; there was a fight, and horse attached to a ramshackle cart the sparrow fiew away, beaten. But His expression was one of profound In an hour or so he came hack with humility.. His ribs showed through about a hundred companions. .They hls hide and hls Roman nose was unfell on the poor swallow,' killed her adorned by any bag of grain. All hla and tore her nest to pieces.1 expression seemed to say was: What a blessing It Is to be able to watch the rich enjoying themselves!" Hls Nathan Hales School house. humility under the trying circumstances reminded one of those starv x !:!' WHEfi GEfi. CVSTER SWERVED n POOR OPINION every lava stream is marked by clouds of Bteam evolved from the cooling lava. At one time and the Idea la still common this steam was supposed to have been derived from sea water which had obtained access to the molten lava while - still underground, but this explanation is now generally rejected, being Impossible In some cases and Inadequate In all, and the greater part of the steam and other emanations from a volcano are now regarded aa directly derived from an original store in the Interior of the earth. However this may be, It Is certain that the magma from which volcanic lava Is derived :s not merely In a state of Igneous fus'on, but Is combined with water and gases, which ar given off as It solidifies, and by their escape frequently form miniature volcanoes, on the surface of lava streams. If the solidification takes place underground, the steam and gases are expelled, and, If there la no free pressure may Increase till 11 becomes great enough to overcome the resistance of the overlying rock and so lead to an eruption and the formation of a volcano, whose character will depend on the nature of the reservoir from which the eruption took place. f r- - f i glasses full ot the mixture. The hoys both tasted the beverage, and It did not taste good. Each had unllmbered ft big gun tnd, playfully i toying with the weapons, they tuggon-- . ed that the bartender drink hls own-- , , mixture. It required some persuasion, but finally, to avoid trouble, he swat-- ; lowed the contents of both glasses ; Now, make your will, you would-ba.poisoner,' shouted the punchers sfid-- . solemnly they put their guns hack where they belonged, treated thei house to the cigars and fadded awav Into ths distance, their horses htttlilg'-onl- y the high spots as they dlsappAr ed up the valley. And I tell yon, the Impromptu bar tender had good occasion to make bin will. For throe of four hours he wss the sickest man I ever saw, and l: took the aervlcea of a doorfc.who worked over him for an hour or two, te Anas bring him back to life again. conda EUmULu ) i 1 1 .' m , |