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Show typhoid germ does not prevent a man from contracting para-typhoid. Separate vaccines, therefore, must be prepared. The para-typhoid vaccines now made by the laboratory of the army medical school are based on strains of "Para A" and "Para B" germs taken both from American Amer-ican and English cases. And the American Amer-ican soldier is now Inoculated with three distinct kinds of germs against two different dif-ferent diseases all in one vaccine fluid. As might be supposed, the manufacture of such a vaccine fluid is a complicated process, and, even to the unscientific, an extremely interesting one. It represents one of man's greatest achievements in the control of nature an achievement no less spectacular than his control of fire. For here in this hot, stuffy laboratory, with its shelves of glass tubes, and bottles, bot-tles, Its sterilizing ovens and its storage refrigerators, its copper kettles and queerlv shaped utensils and its curious odors, millions of the most dangerous germs known to man are calmly bred, destroyed and embalmed and turned into a preventive of tile very disease they cause. The germs are propagated from the original strains on a gelatinous substance sub-stance made from agar-agar, which is a Japanese seaweed Imported from Japan for this express purpose. Thev are allowed al-lowed to remain on this substance for an incubation period of twenty-four hour Then they are washed off in a liquid known as "broth." and In this broth solution so-lution they are applied to the surfaces of numerous glass flasks which have also been swabbed with agar-agar. These flasks are stored In neat piles in a small room that looks very much like a kitchen pantry, but whirh'is kept at the uncomfortable temperature of a hundred degrees or more. Without the aid of a microscope the presence of the germs on these flasks is hard to discover By holding a germ-covered flask and then an empty flask up to the light vou can distinguish a sight difference, but it Is very slight. Up to this point the process has been conducted m rooms of an extremely high temperature and an even greater humidity. humid-ity. The doors and windows are tightlv .sealed, and the laboratory workers make as few and as slow movements as pos-Sr pos-Sr 52, a:,to Pvent a circulation of fi-f l,,lermo,neter which hangs on he wall Is always hovering around a hundred hun-dred degrees Fahrenheit, and on at least one occasion It has registered a clear 124 degrees. It Is not surprising, tliere-fore, tliere-fore, that men sometimes collapse In the midst of the process, especially when thev must stay with it for a continuous stretch of twenty-four hours. Multiplication takes place on such a rapid scale among bacteria that after another an-other short period of incubation billions of germs are contained in the glass flask" These are washed off In a salt solution which Is .hen heated to Si dc"reca , cem"-grade cem"-grade (127.1 degrees F.i. This km? n large number of the bacilli, and the 'addition 'ad-dition of one-fourth per ,-ent nt ir cresol. a coaltar product, kills the rest of them, at the same time acting as preservative. s a Now a test culture Is made to be sure that no foreign organism has appeared Bacteriological tests are made both In air and in a vacuum, since there are certain dangerous germs that win Incubate Incu-bate in a vacuum, but not when e.potJ to the air. If these tests prove satisfactory, satis-factory, further tests on a mouse, a guinea pig and a rabbit are made to determine de-termine various points. If the vaccine contains too much tri-cresol. for example, the mouse will be killed; if It contains tetanus germs, both the mouse and guinea pig will be killed, while the rabbit acts as an exact substitute for human experiment, experi-ment, -it is the fhial test, which show.-whether show.-whether or not the vaccine is capable of producing in the blood the "anti-bodies' or secretions summoned by the human system. After this a small portion of the vaccine vac-cine is mixed with an equal portion of blood, and the actual number of bacilli present is counted under a microscope. If the vaccine is not to be shipped Immediately, Im-mediately, it is poured into a large bottle of the type used for mineral waters marked with a colored tag, and stored iifl tile laboratory refrigerators. As severer kinds of vaccine are often stored inj" same refrigerating compartment, urnye-tem urnye-tem of colored tags has been e Jived. (By Colonel F.ugene R. Whitmore, who is in charge of the laboratory.) Typnotd vaccine is marked with a white tag. "Para B" with a blue tag and "Para A" with a pink tag, while the completed vaccine, vac-cine, containing all three types of germs, bears a purple tag. When the triple vaccine Is ready (or shipment, it Is poured into small glass tubes, the ends of which are sealed wit1' melted glass. As a finished product it is tested once more. If unsatisfactory, the whole batch of vaccine is thrown away; if it passes the test, the tubes are packed in little pasteboard compartments, compart-ments, covered with sawdust, put In a huge wooden chest, which Is securely locked, and addressed to a training camp, or maybe to France. You would never suspect from the appearance ap-pearance of these wooden chests, stacked high against the laboratory walls, that they contain billions of menacing atoms that man has changed into valuable saw guards to his health. There are only tw keys to the rooms that hold the completed com-pleted vaccine, and these are held W Colonel Whitmore and his assistant. ''' jor C. G. Snow, so that there Is iS chance for any malicious tampering fro"' outside sources. Tlie laboratory of the army medical school is really the laboratory of t1L' I army divisions of the east and northeast-each northeast-each army division having Its central I laboratory, hi this capacity it therefore I not only manufactures vaccines, but carries car-ries on the laboratory work for the training train-ing camps In these' divisions. Cultures I of one sort and another are constantly being sent In for analysis. The laboratory labora-tory Is also engaged In important e.xper-! e.xper-! men's with other types of vaccines wine" I have not yet been perfected, such as vaccine vac-cine for meningitis, for pneumonia, Wi cholera and for dvsenteTy. But It is during the ' moliilization " dratted men that the laboratory PJJ" forms its greatest war service l?eJ the demand for anuv vaccines ls !cSl est. and the laboratory is jolng '"T speed day and night. Since lust July, has shipped enough triple vaccine to in' cculate 2,500.(100 men. but there is su" a big demand for germs. . THE FEDERAL GERM FACTORY By Frederic J. Haskin. : WASHINGTON, D. C, May 8. The raising and packing- for shipment of high-grade high-grade disease germs is a wartime industry indus-try which lias not attracted much public h itention, but is, nevertheless, of the first importance. It is carried on here in Washington at the laboratory of the army medical school, which is now" producing pro-ducing millions of typhoid germs every day. No. ttiese germs are not for the Germans; Ger-mans; there is no frightfulness involved. They are all used for making the vaccines vac-cines with which every American fighting fight-ing man must be inoculated against typhoid and two subspecies of that disease. dis-ease. The typhoid bacilli which are bred for the use of the American army are the very best in existence. They "belong to an old English family, having been isolated iso-lated by tlie British army from a case of typhoid at Netley, England, seventeen years ago. The bacilli are known as the "Rawlincs strain." Rawlings being the name of- the man from whom the germs were taken, and who achieved fame and possibly immortality in this unique manner. For the Rawlings bacilli make better vaccine than any other typhoid germs in the world, and a thoroughbred thor-oughbred baccilus is an aristocrat among germs and highly prized. The laboratory of the army medical school manufactures all the typhoid vaccine vac-cine used by the United States army, navy and marine corps. It also EllanUi facturefl two kinds of para-typhoid vaccines, vac-cines, which are now combined with the typhoid injection given to every American Ameri-can soldier and sailor. Para-typhoid is a disease so much resembling re-sembling typhoid fever that for a long time the two were confused. During the American occupation of the Mexican border there was an epidemic of paratyphoid, para-typhoid, and in J915 an epidemic of the same disease occurred among the British, Brit-ish, troops in Flanders. It was discovered dis-covered that two distinct germs were responsible re-sponsible for para-typhoid for convenience conveni-ence designated "Para A" and "Para j B" and that the familiar typhoid germ had nothing to do with it. I Consequently, an inoculation against th |