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Show II SS tl CAI TJ pr p AMHTAIFM DV PDITTfcM AUSoJ I Lieutenant .Sluickleron 's description of his fin:i ilnsli fnwiird Ihe jole. ns dolailed in tho London Daily is :is follows: "The soul horn p;irly, Adams. Marshall, Mar-shall, Wild and I. with four ponies and a supporting parly consisting of Sir l?luiip Brocklehurst and Messrs. Joyce. Marson. Ariuvtafic and Priestly, left ape T?ovd on Oelober 25). U)0S. Wo left Ifnlpoint, November .'!. with ninety-ono ninety-ono days' provisions. We were held up at White island from November 5 for four days by a blizzard. Tho supporting support-ing partv relumed November 7. "Owing to tho bad light among tho ieo erexaf'bes, Adams's pony nearlv win lost. We reached. November J.'i. tlio do-poi do-poi laid out in Seplenibcr in latitude 70 degrees W niimites, longitude 1GS deerroos cast. We took on the pony maize and provision previously left there, and commeneod reducing our daily rations. We traveled south along meridian ll5 degrees, over a varying surface of high ridiros and mounds of snow, alternating with soft snow. The ponies often sank to their bellies. In I latitude SJ. decrees, -1 minutes wo shot I the pony, Chinaman, and made a depot I for oil. biscuit and pony inent. The remainder of the pony meat yc took on to eke out our dried rations. "On November 2G we reached (he Discovery expedition's southernmost latitude. Tho surface now -was extremely extreme-ly soft, with large undulations. On No-ombor No-ombor 2S the pony, Crisi. was shot. We made a depot in latitude S2.-lo; longitude 170. Pony Quan was shot On l November 'AO. "Steering south southeast, wc now were approaching a high range of new mountains, trending to the southeast. Wo found on December 2 a barrier that, influenced by great pressure and ridges of snow and ice, had turned into land. We discovered a glacier 120 miles loug and approximately forty miles wide, running iu a south southwesterly direction. direc-tion. Begin to Olimb Ice. I" Wo started on December fi to ascend tho glacier, at an altitudo of S.'U-G. Ion- gitudc l"2. The glacier was badly ere-' ere-' vassed as a result of the huge pressure. Tho surface on December ( was so ere-j ere-j vassed that it took a whole day to fight ( our way 600 yards. "On December 7 the pony, Socks, i breaking through a snowlid, disappeared in a. crovasso of unknown depth. Tim singlctrco snapping, we saved Wild and tho sledge, which was damaged. Tin -party "was now hauling a weight of 250 pounds per man. "Tho clouds disappearing on "December "Decem-ber S, wo discovered new mountain ranges, trending south southwest. Moving Mov-ing up tho glaeier over the treacherous snow covering the crevasses, wo frequently fre-quently foil through, but were saved by our "harness and wero pulled out. with an Alpino rope. A second sledge was badly damaged by the knife-edged crevasses. cre-vasses. "Similar conditions Obtained on our waj up tho glacier from December IS, ! '.when wo reached an altitude of GS00 foot. In latitude Sn.10 we mado a do- vot. and left everything there but our ' .food, instruments, aud camp equipment, and reduced our rations to twenty nances per man daily. . Beaches High Plateau. ! "Wo reached, on "December 2G. a plateau, after crossing ice falls at an altitudo of 0000 feet, thence rising j gradually in long Tijlges to 10,5500 feet. Finishing the relay work, we discarded our second sledge. There was a con-slant con-slant southerly blizzard, the wind drift-ing drift-ing the snow, with a tempera I arc r.'in-ging r.'in-ging from."? to 70 degrees of frost. We lost sight of the new mountains December 27. Finding the party wcak-ening wcak-ening from the elVeets of a shortage of food and the rarefied air rind cold, I de-cided de-cided to risk making a depot on a pla- "We proceeded, on .January I, with one tent, utilizing the poles of the scc-ond scc-ond tent for guiding marks for our re-, turn The surface became soft and the 1 blizzard continued. Vor sixty hours. j during January 7, S-and 0, a blizzard raged, with 72 degrees of frost, and Hl the wind blowing seventy miles an hour. j Tt was impossible to, inove. Members of the party were frequently frostbit- 1 ten in their sleeping bags. We left j 1 camp on Januarv 0 and reached l:di- I tude SS:28, longitude 1b"2. This is thu most southerly point ever, reached. Hero 1 we foisted the Union .life'k presented lo us by the queen. No mountains weie j visible. "Wo saw a plain stretching lo tho i south. We relurned to pick up our dc- pot on the plateau, guided by our out-ward out-ward tracks, for the Hags attached 1o the tcntpples had been blown away. j Tho less violent blizzards blowing on our backs helped us to travel' from twenty 1 t.o twent3'-niue miles daily. "We reached tho upper glacier depot 'January 10. Descent in Heavy Gale. "Tho snow had boon blown from I ho I glacier surface, leaving a slippery, blue ! ice. Tho descent was slow work in 1 i tho heavy gale. The sledge was low- j ered by stages by an Alpine rope. j "Ou the morning of January 2(7 our 1 food was finished. It was slow going. Sixteen miles were covered in twentv- 1 two hours' march. The snow was two foot deep, concealing the crovasses. Wo reached the lower glacier depot; in lati-ludo lati-ludo 83.45 degroes on the attoruoon of January 27. There wc obtainod food, j and, proceeding, reached the Grisi do- j pot, named after a dead pony, on Feb- j ruary 2. There was no food remaining. 1 "Wild was sufl'criug from dysentery, 1 tho effects of horso meat. Tho cntiro 1 party were prostrated by dystcntcry on I ebrunry 1, and were unable to move. The dystontory continued eight days, but. helped by strong southerly bliz-zards, bliz-zards, we reached tho Chinaman depot on February 13. The food had again run out. "The blizzards continued, with fiflv degrees 'of frost. Wc discarded evcry-thing evcry-thing except our camp outfit aud ge'o-logical ge'o-logical specimens, and on February 20 reached the next depot, all our food bo-j bo-j ing finished. Helped by a southerly blizzard, which was accompanied by U7 degrees of frost, we reached, on Febru-1 Febru-1 ary 23 the depot at Minna Bluff, which 1 had been laid by tho Joyce party in January, Rccoive News of Ship. Hj 'ncre wo received news from our 1 diip. Marshall had a relapse and re- 1 turn of dysentery. Wo mado a forced 1 march of twenty-four miles, February 215. Marshall was suffering greatly. On February 27 Marshall was unable to j marcli. 1 loft him in charge of AdaniH, while Wild aud I mado a forced march To the ship for relief. 1 returned March I with a relief party and all reached tho ship at Tut Point, Marcli -1, in a "Tl.e total distance of tho .iournoy, iucluding relays, was 170 statute miles. The rune occupied was 12G daya. The niaio result is n good geological collec-tiou. collec-tiou. We found coal mixtures in lime-stone. lime-stone. Wo also made a complete meteor-. iiloai:ii. roi-'m, . Wc discovered eight 1VIAP SHOWING ROUTE. J -! Lleuiiuiul J-:. H. i?liacklolon of I- -j" tlio royal navy 1ms planter! the -J. v Brilisli ling slililn lit miles of tlie sonlli pole. n In lout; dispatches lo Hie Lon- don Dally Mall. Lieutenant Shack- -I- f- Ieton tolls tho story of how ho v carried the union jack to latitude -! J- SS decriv-os minutes and longl- - Uul 1(51' decrees oast. -r v This Is tho most southerly point -I- Y ever reached, belns; an advance of ! T "10 miles on S-'colt's record of Dc- 'h j- ecmher. JP02. - Y The Journey was tilled with hard- v ships. Several now mountain s ranges were discovered. In all 4-j 4-j moro than 100 mountain peakii Y wore described. v The distance traveled was 170S v statute miles nnd Hie time uccu- -: Pled 12G days. .j. Y Both equipment and foot! sup-v sup-v piles proved satisfactory. The - Manchurian ponies dM us. well as v- was expected. Good zoological ! v rllscoveriet; were made, and impor- -r taut sledge Journeys were under- taken wist and north. I- Tho south magnetic pole was - Y reached In latitude 7 degrees i'5 v minutes; longitude lul degrees v v OasU , . v .i. iv. Davis, nrst mate; Forbes i- lackay, assistant surgeon, and Alursou made northwesterly fledge Journeys lasting twenty-one daya - and covering a distance of 124 stal- -I- n- ut- miles. 4. r The winter was mild and the -r r lowest temperature they encoun- v- Y tered was -10 degrees below zero, -j Fahrenheit. -j. The geological results of the c.v- Y pedltion are as important as the r Y zoological. Mount ErchuB, Hie .1. Y southernmost . volcano in the. . Y world. 13.20il feet high, was as- - Y cended for the llrst time. distinct, mountain ranges aud over 100 mountains. We surveyed and photographed photo-graphed many glaciers and found signs of lormcr greater glaciation. "Tho geographical south polo doubtless doubt-less is situated on a plateau from 10,000 to 11,000 feet above sea level. Tho altitudes al-titudes of the new mountains ranged from .'5000 lo 12.000 feet, approximately.' Violent blizzards in latitude SS degrees show that if a 'polar calm' exists it must bo in a small area or not coincident coinci-dent with the geographic pole." Finds Southern Magnetic Pole. Professor Ed worth Davis gives the following record of an independent trip from the Nimrod to magnet ie pole, whe.ro ho eventually tt.i the Union Jack: "-The northern r consisting of Douglas. Marson, V. -icltay aud mv-self, mv-self, left Cape Ho? - r the magnetic polo on October .3. ' . Wo picked up the depot left ! ' !ie motor car fifteen miles out. 'J" ' party hauled two sledge by r I he total weight be ing U00 iioti - man, with provisions for lrnely days. "We tVi 1 .1 Mutter Point on October Octo-ber K5, and leaving a depot, contiuued northward in sixty degrees of frost. There was heavy sledging over consolidated consoli-dated pack ice north of Cape Bernac-chi. Bernac-chi. The sea ice of Granite harbor was .just strong euough on October 24 to bear sledges. We arrived at the sound, twelve- miles further north on October HO. whore, to save oil, wc utilized uti-lized seal blubber further north. Wc lived mainly on seal moat. "Wo crossed tho "ordenskiold barrier bar-rier and relayed io Drygalski glacier. The thawing sea ice. compacted of brash :md crushed paclc, made progress laborious and slow. The sea ice south of the Drvgalski glacier was beginning to brenk up. The first attempt lo cross ihc Racier failed, owing to numerous deep chasm;,. We crossed further ease on Dot-ember (i, and followed a difficult, diffi-cult, routo over erevassed pressure ridges. Makes Depot at Open Sea. "On December 10 wc found tho open sea on the north side of the Drygalski glacier. "Wo made a depot of onc'slcdgc, and after cooking supplies of seal and penguin to lessen tho shortage rf food wc turned inland with 600 pounds of ojuipnionr and provisions. Wo attempted attempt-ed the ulncici between tho mountains Manseu and Lursen. "After sledging among tho high pros-suro pros-suro ridges, where the sledges and party wero often nearly lost in tlie crevasses, wo abandoned their route. A blizzard then covered tho glacier deeply with drifted snow, and the sledges were extricated ex-tricated with difficulty. Subsequently violent blizards removing the loose snow enabled tho party to ascend the steep slope of a branch glaeier to tho main glacinr between the mountains Larson and Bcllinghauseu. "Thenco there was fair traveling to an inland plateau at an altitude of oyor 7000 feet. Strong southerly winds. SO degrees of frost and shortened rations made traveling trying. Union Jack Out at tho Pole. "The party reached the magnetic pole 200 statute miles northwest, of tho Dry galski depot on January 10 and hoisted tho union jack. The position of the nolo was determined by liaison with a Lloydreak dip circle, as iu the vieinity of latitude 72 degrees 2.". longitude lfi.l east. The party returning (raveled from sixteen lo twenty miles daily and arrived ar-rived at the junction of the branch glaeier gla-eier wilh (he main glacier, near Mount Larson, on January ."50. Attempting to shoot, down the main iacier, we became involved in tho ice pressure in ridges and crevasses, necessitating the unloading unload-ing of the sledge and hand porterage. "The parly arrived on February I! at an inlej. in (he glacier near the Drygalski Dry-galski depot. Our provisions were exhausted ex-hausted oxeepl a few biscuits. We secured se-cured seal and penguin, but the party's retreat was cut off by the sea. ice. the sheet having broken up. The outlook was serious and tho Nimrod, returning from Capo Washington and continuing a vigorous search, sighted on February 1 (he depot flag on the cliff. "The parly, who were finishing a meal, were aroused bv I lie Nimrod firing fir-ing a double detonator. Bushing out of the tent Marson fell twenty feet down a crevasse, but was rescued un hurt ny a parly Jrom tho ship. Duration of Journey 122 Days. "The duration of tho journey was J22 days. Wo traveled, including relavs, J2i0 statute miles. The coast was triangulated by Marson by a theodolite from McMnrdo sound lo the Drygalski glaciers; there also were geological, magnetic and meteorological results. Minerals, apparently vinadiuni. and widely spread monaslite were found." The Nimrod, on the voyage lo pick up tho expedition, reached' the ice sheet oil Cape Bird on January Various parties of the expedition wero picked up at different poiuls, Lieutenant Shacklct on 's being the last, on March 1. Thev wore compelled by ice and bad weather to start i mined ia'tcb' northward. north-ward. "On tho voyage from latitude t0 degrees de-grees -IS minutes, longitude 1GG degrees 11 minutes, they discovered a now range of coast mountains (rending first southward south-ward and then west for forty-five miles bevoud Cape North. The approximate altitude of these mountains is from oOOO to 7000 feel. They are mostly tabular and form pail of an apparently deeply eroded plateau. Explorers Ascend Mount Erobus. In March. 100S, a party headed by Lieiitenaiit. Adams, left. Cape Boyd to ascend as-cend JOrcbus, the groat. Atlantic 'volcano. They climbed with a sledge to an altitude alti-tude of 5500 fcett thenco carrying their equipment on their backs. Thev reached on March 1 an altitude of U500 feet. Tho temperature was 50 degrees below freezing. Then a violent blizzard raged for thirty hours. Resuming the ascent on March 0 they reached the obi crater of tho volcano at oyer 11,000 feet. Unique fumnrolcs, or sinokeholcs, wero found. The old crater was chiefly tilled with large felspar crystals, pumice aud sul-pjiur. sul-pjiur. Sir Philip Brocklehurst had both l'eot badly frostbit! en. One toe was subsequently amputated. The summit was reached on March 10. The active crater is half a mile in diameter and S00 feet deep. It was ejecting vast volumes vol-umes of steam and sulphurous gas to a. height of 2000 feet. HypsomcLcr readings read-ings were taken at the summit simultaneously simul-taneously with tho base station at Capo Royd. A geological collection was made, aud photographs were taken. Commencing tho descent the same d.-ry the3' glissaded by stages down 5000 feet, reaching the sledgo depot. They reached Cape Boyd on March 11, after the Nimrod had left for New Zealand. During a large part of the year .1908 they finished building , a hut and stable for (he ponies. Vn-fortunately, Vn-fortunately, (hey lost at Ihc beginnin" of Marcli four ponies, which died froi? 1 cat mgisand. Studies Upper Air Currents. .Mr. Adams commenced in March sys- ' tematic meteorological observations and , studied the movements of tho curronts in the upper atmosphere, indicated by the swaying of the steam cloud at the summit of Mpunt Erebus. Mr. Murray found abundant microscopic lifo rotifers, roti-fers, yogetable organisms, otc., in fresh water lakes uoar Cape Boyd. The roti- ; fers were of remarkablo vitality, living for years in tho ice of tho lakes. E.v -perimouts proved that they can endure extremely low and high temperatures 1 and immersion iu strong saline mixtures. mix-tures. Ringed penquin were found at Cape ' Royd. The chief vegetation was large shoots of a fungua-liko plant in tho ' lakes, many lichens and a few mosses. Seaweeds of two kinds were abundant, Mr. Marson mado systematic- records of all appearances of aurora displays. Theso wero exceedingly brilliaut , throughout the winter, appearing most ' frequently in tho eastern sky and seldom sel-dom in tho direction of tho magnetic pole. Tho -most striking.. form of the 1 LIEUT. E. II. SITACKLETON Of the Royal British Navy. aurora was thai of a parallel with draped curtains extending across the heavens, sonieliines stationary ami sometimes moving rapidly across I he skv. Racing cascades of luminetoeji'-o traversed Ihc length of the heavens with remarkable speed. Chemical and Physical Studies. Observations of meteorological optics op-tics and atmospheric electricity, with chemical and physical studios iii connection connec-tion wilh the freezing of the sea surface sur-face and the numerous lakes in I he vi-cinily vi-cinily of Cape Koyd, were mado by Mr. Raymond Priestly. He found 'iiiueh fungoid in. Die peat-like bottoms of the lakes behind Cape Royd. lie also discovered dis-covered a raised beach at an altitude of MO feet near ("ape Barnes. Mount Erebus was unusually active on Juno J t. Cood moonlight photographs of the eruption were obtained. Prof. Dnvid considers that, most antarctic an-tarctic bergs are snowbergs. Fossil radiolaria were found in the glacial bowlders al Cape Boyd. The weather fov a time was mild. The lowest temperature experienced was 72 degrees below freezing. Sledging I I was commence) 011 August 12. ! Arinytagc. David ami Adams went to , examine (ho great, ice barrier surface. ; Returning from Cape Royd on September Septem-ber 1S. they loft 011 ' September 22 to j lay a depor for the soul hern journey. They returned October RJ afler placing a-depot 124 statute miles south of the I Discovery's winter quarters. They j found the barrir surface iiupracticn-; iiupracticn-; hie for the motor sledge, but with the Airole Johutston motor (hey did useful work over the sea ice laying depots and covering a distance aggregating 100 miles in spile of a temperature varying from J to l0 degrees of frost. Lieul. Shaeklotou s expedition bade farewell lo Kngland at Cowes in July of 1907. The laid visilors to his ship were King Edward and Queen Alexandria. Alexan-dria. His majesty presented the lieutenant lieu-tenant with a union jack to which was at I ached n card bearing the message: "May I his union jack, which f intrust in-trust to your keeping, lead 3-011 safely to the south pole. ' ' Should the report that the Shackle! on expedition has reached the south pole I prove correct a dream of navigators-that navigators-that has inspired many earlier nnd futile fu-tile attempts will have been realized. , The farthest point south heretofore reached was 70 degrees 50 minute?. ' whcreC. 12, Borchgreviiik. a Norwegian explorer, arrived on March 17. 1900. j The magnetic position of the south pole has been fixed at about, latitude 7? de- grees 20 minutes south and M(3 east. An Antarctic expedition was pro- ! posed by the Australian colonies in , November. 1SS7. A commit loo of the Royal society was formed, of which ' Prof. Stokes' was president and Lord BayleigJi, Prof. Jluslev and others were ' members. Readv financial support was , lacking and the project remained in abeyance until 1S92. in December of which year an antarctic whaling expc- ; I dition arrived at Port Stanley. Falkland : islands. Borchgrcvink. then revived in-lercst in-lercst in the proposed expedition and. setting forth, was the first to land at . Cape Adair, on the southern continent. February 1. 1S95. The Gcrlaehe expedition in the Br I- ! giea left Antwerp August .10, 1S97, but was not f-ueccist'ul. Many Scientific Pacts Learned. 1 There have been various otherxexplo- 1 ration parties in the antarctic, all of ' which were successful in obtaining, ' much valuable meteorological and and ! scientific information. Tliey include the 1 Scolltsh expedition, which went out nn- dor Dr. Bruce in the Scotia, in January , I of 100.'!: the Discovery. Ken';, out under Cap. Scott under the auspices of the i j British expedition fund, and a Corman j expedition iu ilie (j.iuf under ('apt. i Bans Rti'or. which left Hamburg in An- gust of 1901. ' The lands of the' Antarctic region j were first discovered bv Capt. Cook in ; J77.V75. He was the first man to cir- cninnavigate tho southern polar conti- ; neat. Since this time and particularly up lo IS in. various whaling vessels ventured as far south as noffible and reported the discovery and naming of j new territory. 1 Kach terrestrial pole is covered by a j cap of coil! iniioiin iee which remains ! j unbroken on I he land areas and which , l varies in size with the season and with , I the year. The Antarctic region has ! I generally been represented as swarming j with animal life, especially the marine ' forms. The area is uninhabited by man. The Antarctic has been the field more I particularly of British and German re- 1 search. No" American expeditions of im- ; portanee have penetrated these waters, i The unknown Ajitnrctic region has been estimated as ij&ing twice as large as Europe. A French exploring expedition on the Pourquoi Pas under Dr. Charcot is at present in the Antarctic. Shackleton, although a young man, already has made n enviable reputation reputa-tion as an Antarctic explorer, ha ving accompanied ac-companied Captain Scott on Ihe celebrated cele-brated voyage of Ihe Discovery in 1901-2, and having on that expedition penetrated the icy regions lo a point further than any" man ever had gone. At that time he was overeomo by illness ill-ness because of his exertions and the cold, and was invalided home, but having hav-ing induced a number of wealthy Eng- mi lislimen to finance a new extiedif ftnW ., started in 1907, on .he NiS' I he big feature of this exposition 2 Ml that Lieutenant SJiacUloton hitencfod! W make Ins overland journey nsSV" m.ght be oy moans of motor fil f " especially constructed for the ,.n? V. by a Seotel, firm. He S, jftf base of his operations King fcfiV VI 1 Land, on the eastern end of Roi W ice barrier, discovered mnnv vent J fcfl by the explorer of that name, 3 Ihc expedition, however. slrtr,lillt'r former ones have, from New Zealot that being the her point from xr&& en I or the ani arctic regions The Xti wan umde f'om New Zcnlcnd n v5ro: ago J.isr January, an'l the exnoditEtf consisted of twelve. 1 reaehefl tfflWi Edward VH. Und earlV in FoinK, a year ago. Ti'V The employment of the motor slcdjp- 1 was an experiment in Arctic exoloritf but undoubtedly it wns the mCai. W, enabling SluK-klelon and his parrf1 cover a greater distance over the roS v couutrv in belter lime than he woi -if hnve made had he used dogs. II"e o i;ied with Iimu. however, two pne!. & dogs and some Sihorai) ponies f0rTl P-last P-last stage? of tho journey, brt it g? fl-known fl-known whether thev wVp nhCli or I it: The partv also took with it a spc U' portable boat, wnh detachable hfj W nney apparatus fitted 10 the Twle to' f& used in ea-e ope,, waler waG oneq fa tered. Il had also several other R0i Invances. ns well as full jets 0f scil-'i title apparatus. vj .' 1 Careful Attention io rood. I V'-Great V'-Great at rent 'on ,wa alo paid toli'j . , ...... . n.v in- j.iiiii iiii"ing vv'Y- studied down to the last nnnlvMs. ''1?-can.- in which the food? were paK.1' were of triple thickness and douj.' painlcd. and, of course, the oonl''1'' wore of ihe bst, Lieutr-nnnt ShacWn1) ton's iireious experience with scnT0'' and other diseases made him know'lfctf value of this careful attention to i'is1T food .supply. Sw" Importance was bid In him nponlW1' value of the motor sledge for locomdU P purposes, aud the oil uei 5 propii,fjl with a special view to its efliciencyiijHf extremely cold climate Several offolii' Siberian ponies died, as the elimatcfifait loo severe for them. Ji'for Another invention in antnrciicflL'd ploration was Ihe huts erected atLl'' base of opera t'ions nnd at various poMj t along the route. They were especiiij : constructed and designed for this jjffiii pose, having double walls, packed wool, lo resisl the cold. They 4Z,"'i bnill on piles and the inner walls lined wilh eases of food for tho usljj,; Ihe inmates. f Tk The principal ofiieors of the expi j! tiou were: Lieut. E. II. Shacklcfi W manager; Lieut. J. B. Adams, mcti ologist; Sir Philip Brocklehurst, B -n sledger, surveyor and baker; Ja w Murray, biologist; Dr. Michel, surgi r-' and G. Marshall, in charge of the pot "S11 . MORMON CONTERENOE. ' ? Salt Lake City, April 4, 5 and & jj The usual low round-trip rates"1 be made via the Oregon Short L Tickets on sale from Ogden and pe south, April 2nd to 6th, inclusive; lii April 12th. From points north of.' (SS den, April 1st to 5th; limit. April 1 Sec agents for further particulars. - |
