Show YELLOWWINGED PEST Something About Grasshoppers Grasshop-pers of Utah LIFE HISTORY OF INSECT Prof Simpson of Moscow Ida Writes on Subject I Remedial Measures Against the Locust Lo-cust Depend Largely Upon Locality Lo-cality Where They Are TRIBUNE BUREAU j 13 Postal Telegraph Bldg r Washington May 31 Tho Department of Agriculture has printed tho following circular by ProC Pro-C B Simpson of Moscow Ida entomologist en-tomologist regarding the grasshoppers of Utah and Idaho For many years past the yellowwinged locust Cam nu I a pellucldn ban been a peAt of tho greatest Importance In certain agricultural ag-ricultural Boctlnna of Idaho and Utah Its Injuries are so great that the natural development of these sections Is seriously seri-ously Interfered with anti often crops arc almost a total 1OH3 This Insect Is qulto generally distributed over tho northern portion of tho United States but Is Injurious In-jurious only In comparatively few localities local-ities In tho West It In quite variable in color ranging from light yellow to brown with nil gradations between Tho males are always al-ways smaller than the fomnleti and can be easily distinguished by the difference In tho end of tho abdomen which Is more or loss rounded In tho male while In the female It ends with four horny points Tho nymphs or young locusts arc of a dnrk color sometimes almost black The young locusts depend entirely upon their legs for locomotion as the wings In tho earlier stages consist only of small pails LIKE HISTORY OF INSECT Tho lIfo history of this Insect IB not so well known as that of many other Injurious Injuri-ous species rho eggs arc laid In tho ground during August In podllko sacs containing from twenty to thirty eggs each The female usually chooses sandy or gravelly spots In which to deposit eggs In tho latter part of May and In Juno the I eggs hatch and In about a month the locusts become full frown und winged and begin to migrate nnd If In sufficient numbers they strip the vegetatIon In their pixth Many of them remain along tho Path of migration and deposit their eggs nnd thus cause several years of abundance abun-dance InL few sections they nro numerous nu-merous enough to causo great damage only three or our years out of every ten This locust Is a Rpnural feeder and In especially destructive to hay oats and wheat the principal crops grown In these sections Apparently the Insect dlslll alfalfa as this crop Is usually but little injured REMEDIAL MEASURES The application of remedial measures against this post depends largely on tho locality In which tho pests I are nt work and every possible advantage should bo taken of the naturnl BUrroundlngs The brewing grounds must be accurately located lo-cated nnd If there arc periods of yean In which the Insects are few In numbers and consist of scattering colonies thoso colonies should be located and destroyed as a preventive measure Many method meth-od o havo been devised to combat tho In Scot when It has reached tho adult or winged 1 stage but at best these measures arc very expunqlvc and aro In moot cases of but llttlo value If nucctfl3 Is to bo obtained In tho destruction or control of this Insect It must bo attacked In lie breeding grounds either when It Is In tho egg stage or before becoming winged PLOWING By observing the insects hiring tho egsrlaylnfr period or HUrring tho ground and exposing the egra tho breeding grounda can be easily located I By plowIng plow-Ing these grounds In tho fall many of the eggs arc burled ho deep beneath the ground that when tho young hatch In tho following spring they perish because they cannot reach tho surface Others arc killed by exposure to the wcathor nnd their numerous enemies have a better opportunity op-portunity to feed upon thorn SPRAYING WITH OIL In many nccllons of tho West whore crude petroleum can be obtained at very little cost the method of spraying with oil has been found very successful rile petroleum Is sprayed over the breeding grounds upon the young locusts which ore killed by contact with the oil Tho effectiveness of this treatment depends primarily upon tho thoroughness with which It In applied Additional effectiveness effec-tiveness can bo secured by burninG over the round after it has been sprayed as this will kill thooo which havo escaped the spray HOPPERD055ERS Hoppfrdozers aro long shallow pans oran or-an convenient dimensions made of gal hnlzed Iron or other material mounted upon runners about an Inch thick Tho pan Is partly filled with water a small quantity of kerosene Is added to form a Him and a screen Is placed upright on tho back to prevent the locusts from jumping over tho pan As hopperdozers aro drawn over tho ground by olthor men or horses tho young locusts Jump Into tho air fall Into the pan and arc wetted and killed by the kerosene This method has been found to bo less effective against this insect In-sect than against locusta of other speclea Sage brush In the breeding grounds often renders It difficult to use the hoppordoz ors and It hi qulto necessary to drive or sweep the young locusts of this species Into tho pan when It is drawn alone as hut comparatively Cow of them Jump high uno ugh to fall Into It POISONING Poisoning tho young locusts with arson heals has been found to bo one of tho moat effective measures that can be used against tills Insect There are many mixtures mix-tures which are very effective but tho greatest success has boon obtained by a combination of arsonlcals and fresh homo dropping Ono pound of Paris grea or some other convenient arsenical together with two pounds of milt are thoroughly mixed with sixty pounds of fresh homo droppings Tho resulting mixture Is scattered scat-tered among the young locusts or around tho edges of fields which it IB thought may be Invaded A very convenient re ceptaclo In which to mako this preparation prepara-tion IH a halfbarrel A trowel or paddle can be used In scattering the mixture lathe la-the desired places BEGIN WORK NOW Tho importance of beginning work against the younger atones cannot bo too strongly emphasized because llttlo can bo done to destroy those locusts after they have wings and have begun their migrations migra-tions by abort flights By moons of a voluntary organization of farmers a general gen-eral survey of a locality In the fall aided l bv tho experience of previous yours will render It comparatively easy to forecast If tho locusts will be abundant the on suing season During tho years when they aro tow a mall amount of work will kip them withIn bounds or by morn extended work they may ho nearly exterminated ex-terminated Climatic conditions parasites and diseases although ofton effective cannot bo relied upon and it is necessary neces-sary that trolldirected and poralatont campaigns bo undertaken If nucccss la to bn 1 obtained |