| Show AMERICAN BACKBONE Instances Where Uncle Sam Commanded Com-manded Respect of Foreigners CASE OF WATER WITCH ABJECT REDRESS MADE BY THE PARAGUAYANS Case of the Chesapeake Fired On Byte By-te British Ship Leopard Other Precedents to Guide Us In Demanding De-manding Satisfaction From SpIn Sp-In Certain Contingencies I Washington Feb 25The case of the Waterwitch is considered to be the most analagous to that of the Maine should it be established that the Maine disaster was not the result of an accident acci-dent I The Waterwitch was a United States ship engaged in 1853 in surveying the entrance to one of the rivers of Paraguay Para-guay Without warning and by orders of President Lopez of Paraguay a force of troops opened fire on the Waterwitch killing the man at the helm and wounding others Intense feeling was aroused in the United States when the facts became known The president reported the facts to congress con-gress and in his message asked authority au-thority to make a demonstration of force which would ensure suitable redress re-dress In response to this congress authorized au-thorized him to use such force a is necessary to secure ample reparation armed fleet has Accordingly an feet was ha tHy assembled on a scale which was regarded re-garded as remarkable for those days The expedition included 19 armed ships 25 heavy guns and 2500 sailors and marines Accompanying this formidable formida-ble outfit were civilian plenipotentiaries prepared to make the demands of the government and then enforce them by calling on the armed ships FORMIDABLE SHOWING The expedition made a formidable showing In the South American waters and President Lopezs government was awed into complete subjection by its presence The American commissioners and nava officers were received at Ascension As-cension with much honor and every reparation within the power of the republic 1 re-public was given This included object apology a sweeping disavowal and 10000 for the sufferers from the outrage out-rage As the republic was willing to grant full reparation the naval expedition expe-dition did not exert the force i was prepared to use in case a refusal had been offered When the facts of the expedition were reported to the American I Amer-ican congress the president stated that the dispatch of this formidable naval I fleet had had a salutary influence throughout the world and had convinced con-vinced foreign nations that the United States would protect the lives of Its citizens izens with all the force at Its command FIRING ON THE CHESAPEAKE The case of the firing on the United States ship Chesapeale oy the tsnusu I ship Leopard is another case affording a precedent as to the governments mode of action The Chesapeake was proceeding to sea when she was hailed by the commander of the Leopard with deserters said a demand that British deerters to be in the hold of the Chesapeake be surrendered The American commander refused to comply whereupon the Leopard Leop-ard first fired h shot across the bows of the Chesapeake and followed this with two broadsides The American I commander was severely wounded three sailors were killed outright and I many were wounded Being unprepared for action it being I a time of peace the American commander com-mander hauled down his colors and I surrendered Tremendous excitement I prevailed in the United States over the outrage President Madison speedily I Issued a proclamation excluding from American ports all British warships I He also caused energetic protests and demands to be presented at London The British authorities promptly disavowed I dis-avowed the action recalled the admiral under whom the outrage had been perpetrated I per-petrated and without request tendered i indemnity sufficient to support the i sufcient wives and families of all those who had II been killed and wounded THE GREYTOWN AFFAIR I I In a later case the American ship 1 I I Prometheus was fired upon in the harbor i har-bor of Groytown The ship had de I I I dined to pay excessive port charges j imposed by the king of Mosquito I I in control of the country under British i i i i protectorate The king called upon the British warship Express to sustain i his demands and the Express promptly I prompt-ly sent a broadside into the Prometheus I Prome-theus There were no persons killed but the United States made a prompt demand for reparation The British government gave this in the fullest I manner and without question disavowing dis-avowing the act and condemning the I officer of the Express JAPAN AND JAVA I Displays of force were resorted toby to-by the United States In 1852 against Japan and in ISIS against Java In I the case of Japan American sailors i had been severely handled in Japanese I ports and the native courts failed to I give adequate redress A naval ex peditlon was sent to Japanese waters and this had the effect of securing the fullest apology and also an agreement by which every protection was guaranteed I guar-anteed to American citizens and citzens property prop-erty In Japan In the case of Java the secretary of the navy sent a large naval force to the waters of Java to demand that I the native trial courts should give the I fullest protection to Americans The I I expedition was successful Its purpose I ghen and all the assurances desired were I I ANOTHER BRITISH OUTRAGE 1 In 1515 seven Americans were hilled and about G were wounded while they were being detained in the British prison pris-on at Dartmoor This was brought on by a clamor for rations which was resIsted re-sisted by the prison guard The United States demanded satisfactory and suit able reparation and the British government govern-ment complied by an Indemnity for the I support of the families of those killed and wounded There art quite a number of recent cases the latest being that of the German GEr-man occupation of Nina Chou over the outrages committed by Chinese on German Ger-man missionaries In that case the German government acquired an Indemnity In-demnity of a large portion of Chinese territory as well as one of the most valuable strategic ports of China MONEY INDEMNITY I The principle of money Indemnity for the killing of foreigners has been recog rlzed in several recent cases in the United States One of these was the killing of Italians at New Orleans by a mob In that case while the United States did not admit the responsibility d id of the federal government for the act of a mob yet indemnity wa had out of the federal treasury as a matter of International comity Similar action was taken in indemnifying China for her citizens killed at Rock Springs In the case of the Virginlus a large money indemnity was paid Demands wls by the United States are now pending against Turkey for the burning of American missionaries property In Turkey I Tur-key during a Armenian outbreak There a many Individual claims against Spain including the Ruiz case and that of Dr Delgado now pending REPRISAL PROCEDURE President Buchanan adopted the procedure pro-cedure of reprisal irilSoS This < is a measure just short of war Mexico was charged at that time with assenting to spoliation along the United States i border President Buchanan asked congress con-gress for authority toisend a military force to secure indemnity a diplomatic negotiations had failedjto bring redress from Mexico This course was adopted by congress and the preparations for the military reprisal soon brought about a satisfactory adjustment NONINTERCOURSE Nonintercourse with Great Britain was one of the measures adopted in 1S09 by which what i known a the i nonintercourse acts a means of stopping associations which up to that time had Involved may complications and embarrassments j Embargos have ao been resorted to a a measure of offepsi against foreign nations short of War the purpose being be-ing to prevent the shipping of supplies needed by the offending I m nation |
