Show k 9 1 p pp t I If f THE TU TH HERALDS Home Study Circle j I 1 fop bt 1 by b Seymour 4 i t T Directed by Prof P oL Seymour Seyou Eato EstL 4 4 COURSE Df IN D AT PHOTOGRAPHY VZ V EXPOSING TEE T PLATE P T When we are a ready readY to withdraw the te elide aUde so s as to expose e po the te plate that is isto Isto Isto to allow alow the picture as a we have hae Just jut area it i upon the ground gound glass to be thrown In Cn a the te same way upon the face lace of o the dry plate In our holder and the te Image of the he picture to be b Impregnated upon the th plate we must again agin caution cauton against overexposure We re shall learn ler later on of exposure meters meter f or r mechanically Judging of ex en exposure c pure pure At present we dhal endeavor to t get gt as ne a correct an a exposure a 2 as possible by oar our own ow judgment jUdg rt nt which alter after ater all al allis is IB the th best beat bt exposure meter This Thin Judg ing lag of or correct correo corre exposure Is i a part of ot pho photography phoI photography I which should s receive constant study Expert knowledge is secured only through close coe observation and eng n experience Suppose that that we have a medium plate in the holder and that our view Is 19 made mad up of a clump of trees trees a brook brok broka brooka a few fow large lare atones stones and an old log bridge It Is Ie a fairly fairy bright day and the sun gun a 3 shining After Ater studying the Che te tet time Gme t me of exposure by looking first frt at th i ivIew view and ad then at its is image image on tin the round ground goun glass as already described we conclude that with wih the te stop stoa stO or dirt dla that we have used to get our picture p ture at Its Is host best bet that five seconds la is 1 about the correct time Our lens being closed either by placing the cap on the the projecting hood hod of the lens or by closing the shutter we take hoid hold of the slide elide with wih the fingers of the right hand ing lag the left zeft upon the top of or the camera c mera over ove the In order to steady the camera and draw drw out the che te elide Glde completely We must be very careful to draw drw it i over perfectly mus straight YeI for the reason that the end of or the holder through which the slide Is drawn Is pro tooted tecte by a spring or cushion of black velvet extending the width of the slide I If l we draw drw out the slide with wit a down downward sUde I ward war motion moton the upper end ed leaves lea B e holder diet ft while the te lower end still stillI stI I In the slide ehde Elde holds the cushion from performing its It function which Is to I close up the slot sla sio when the slide is 15 out j and thus prevent the rays of light from I through to the plate which means mean that our plate will U be fogged foged I or light t struck and ruined i It I is then thed the of great geat Importance Im orance that tat we ire draw our slide out gently genty yet quickly and draw drw It straight Fraight After Ater drawing the slide it I is i well wel to acquire the habit of throwing the side of the focusing cloth over the side of the camera camer from which the slide has ha been be withdrawn thus doubly protecting the end of our holder from the light Es Especially be done done In out door dor work ork Now to count our seconds and to count coun them hem as seconds It I is in remark remarkable remarkable remarkable able how ho differently as a to time this may amy my be done of or course coure we may use a watch and get the tine Mine tIe exact but it is claimed clamed and with wib truth by good that to expose ee mechanically le Is I to lose the te soul ul of or the picture for when once one is master mater of timins a picture picure under different phases there tere is isan i Isan an inner Iner feeling f of ot conception of the I I depth of the picture that guides gide the I hand and eye in making maing exposures Be this as s it may ma it Is i true that nine I people out of ot ten expose by b rule of eye I I or count We have found that by a avery aver avery very ver little practice almost almos correct time may be given in seconds by counting one second two seconds three seconds distinctly and ad in the usual ua speed eed of the voice voce In talking To try tr to count 1 by saying one two three will wi rarely arly laird the beginner within a half of ot the time Ume he expects Begin BeIn counting as the Suter is i opened or the lens ien uncapped i and close to the lens at the te end of o the thelast last lat second Dont be tempted t just a little more time for lor more pates are spoiled by the he little more time than by almost almot any other means mens The exposure being made the slide side Is and here we e must her berlo to place the end of the slide nude fUde ex en exactly e cUy straight in the be opening and keep II it i straight for to introduce one corner I first would ruin our or plate Just as ts a we weha I ha have hae e seen above In replacing the slide side be sure Gure to have the dark dak side of the i slide sUde on the outside as this will show that the plate has been exposed and ad will keep us from making the quite quie common mistake of or exposing the same plate twice Right Bight here and now Is the Uhe Ue time for forus forus forus us to begin a system I tem of ot method by which we mean labeling each exposure and Jotting down a quick memorandum of o the view taken the plate used the stop top used and ad the time of exposure esre also whether the day da is I dull dul medium or light This tabulating will wI mean man the saving Ing of a a great get many plates plate and anda a deal of or wear and tear on o our temper temer then en we come to develop our pictures not only on this Initiative trip but in Inal all al our future work work There Tere is nothing no so BO exasperating as to return home bore from fromI froma a a photographing Jaunt with a half hal dozen doze choice views take tae and ad timed time un under under der den a different conditions of light and ad speed sped only to forget in the darkroom which are which Let Le us decide now that we shall always carry cary a memoranda book bok on our trip and Jot down dow particulars somewhat as a follows Plate Plat No 1 View landscape dark foliage brook log bridge in foreground Lena Goers laS 4 Plate Cramer Banner I Stop 51 32 Time Five seconds Ll LI ht Bright 2 p m m Result An eo so on with wih each exposure Of course each must tut be num numbered numbered numbered so that that No I 1 plate corresponds with No 1 memo By keeping a a care careful cre careful ful record of each exposure In this man manner manner mannor ner nor we soon son learn by comparison and by early ealy mistakes the te proper exposure to give under unde any given circumstances We Wre have cautioned against agin overexposure overe for the reason that the te almost almos universal failing of the beginner is i to overexpose but a little overexposure is ls more easily handled handle In development than la Is underexposure for we can c sometimes get gel a good g negative from froman rm is an overexposed plate when there ther to hold back back but bu it i is i im impossible impossible possible to to got one when where there is nothing to bring up for if the exposure exp ure Is too short then there tere Is If not sufficient on the plate to make a picture and no amount of ot developing will wU bring out what is not there We shall ahal find that a a number of or fac factors factor I tons tors tor enter into lain the question of or light The time of the year the time of day dy Te and nd the condition of the te atmosphere j j the Clouds loud In the sky sk etc etc all al or any anyone t tone i io one of them may ma make mke decided decide differ differences differences ence o in the quantity and quality of I the light Subjects that at are of an open character and have no masses masee of r deep shadow show near nea the thc camera require short expos exposures eo exp ures ur whereas subjects subject with lt masses of shades in the foreground require long exposures ep Where ere a large lar portion of the subject Is 1 under trees tees as a in Idie case c of or forest glades glade or wooded ravines very Ye be because because long exposures eure may be required cause cuse the greater r part pa of or the light has been filtered through the te green gen leaves leves overhead and ad this thi holds hold good even though the camera camer itself Is not under the trees te The color clor of or the objects also Influences the time cf f exposure a yel yellow ye low stone building requires longer ex exposure J e than one of ot stone sone and ad a ared red Pr brick brck building will wi require still sUl longer Interiors of ot I require longer exposures than han ordinary outdoor but they show such great seat differences according to the te sIze eize and nd position piton of af the windows and the color of o the glass that the time re required required qui r varies from less lees le than Ihan ban a minute j i ito 10 to three thre or four hours hous or even more Subjects Subject including a a large lar proportion of o sea and sky eky s require as a a a rule very er short hort Ehor exposures The Te time of exposure In the case ca of portraits portrait varies vaie very ver much and depends on the te conditions i of lighting and also on the character chaee of the effect desired desIre I The light Is i meet mot active and the ex en exposures e required are arc shortest in Ia June une i and on n a bright day the activity of the te light remains practically the same be between between between tween 9 a m in m and 3 p m and ad it i is equally equall active acU e in May Slay and July from 10 a a m to 2 Z p m In spring and au autumn autumn autumn longer exposures are required and in winter the time must mut be from I three thre to ten times as M long Ion as M in June un according to the hour of the day The TheU light U ht is 1 least active aUe in December and the exposure required becomes shorter I and dorter as a we approach June and afterward becomes longer and longer until the maximum is j again reached in December The light increases increase in brightness from early earb morning until midday when it attains a maximum and then falls fals oft off of again agin until sunset the falling off ot being considerably more rapid in winter than in summer In Iner very verj er early erl morning moring and toward sunset sun t the exposures are ae always long especially especially Ialy if the he light is at all a yellow When the te sun is shining and there are white clouds in the the sky opposite the sun eun the the exposures needed are ae shorter other ther things thinS being equal than when the sky f is f perfectly cloudless A cloud actually in front fron of the sun su of ot 0 course lengthens the necessary exposure very considerably and ad the same Is true in ina ina a 8 smaller degree of ol light clouds that do not completely obscure the sun Rain Ran Rances clears ces the atmosphere of dust etc ete and ana other things being bing equal less les Ia 13 h required after a It Ii will be clear that the estimation e of correct exposure requires judgment and experience The conditions are never corta constant t and hence numerical tables are only onlY very er approximate although they the afford tor some assistance at the ning aing Not much help can be obtained from because they only measure the te intensity of the light where the photographer is i standing while what we ought to measure is the te intensity of the light reflected from the different parts par of the subject Now and again arain and ad especially when dealing with wih Interiors interior they will tell t l us that the te light is i much mch and less le active than we should otherwise have believed beleve i The Te photographer must mot learn to rely upon his hia Is own Judgment judgment guided by the te nature of ot the subject with wit a special re regard regard gard to the proportion and depth of or the te shadows the apparent brightness of the Image on the ground gound glass gl the tire time of or year the time of or day and the char acter of the light especially with re regard regard gard to the te presence prence of clouds even light ones between the sun eun and the te aI earth earh Brightness to the eye is not necessarily a measure of activity on the photographic plate and as a already pointed pointe out ou any yellowness even I though slight In the th light lengthens considerably the time of exposure re required required required II Sufficient exposure should al ai ways wa be given for the te dark parts ps of the subject Sven the brightly Illuminated luminate parts part will wi take care cre of themselves t The ex cx exposure c given giyen will also als depend on the character of ot the results required very ver i i short sort exposures ere increase the contrast contat and reduce the contrast te contra I If I therefore you ou consider that the con cn contrast j I Itras I I tras of light and shade in the subject I I Is too strong for pictorial effect give a along longer long exposure and vice versa versa Se For I example a a view including whitewashed cottages otage or other oher brilliantly lighted ob objects objects together with wih foliage flage will wl require a a comparatively long exposure if i harai har i contrasts avoided contrast in the te negative are to be I I |