| Show IN SOUTH AMERICA 0 The h ifD 5tii v tjVJlO Oo 1dBe Dictator KUNEZJ ANOTHER CIXGIMATDS South American Patriotism Means Adher ance to Individuals Peru Ecuador and Clilli Copyright 16923 Party linos are defined by the personal ambitions of leaders and patriotism is adherence ad-herence to an Individuals not to a countrys cause This from the lips of a South American consul general was to mo the effective point of a rather long discourse on politics In South America republics But on investigation in-vestigation I found It untrue with reference to at least one South American state Brazil There the overthrow of the empire em-pire and the downfall of Fonseca showed a patriotism above that which each year inspires in-spires the inauguration of now revolutions in that part of the world Our republic is too new said the retiring re-tiring consulgeneral A T do Macedo of Brazil for distinct party lines As yet TTO are all Republicans who believe first and above all things in the maintenance of the free government we have established By the end of Dr Peixotos term which has yet three years to run I imagine we will have strongly outlined parties Now wo have as you have here the Republicans nnd Democrats But perhaps the term Federas would answer better for Re expressed himself in perfect accord with this sentiment but Crespo who was to have been chosen as executive by Congress secured se-cured a slight majority and Palacio was forced io dissolve tuat body Then quickly upon Senator Crespos charge that Paiacio I was usurocr came the revolution Four months titter war found Crespo badly I beaten Still to destroy all pretext for a I continuance of the revolution Paiacio laid down his office and turned it over to the vicepresident Villega The latter Issued I the call for Congress to meet and made a number of very liberal proposals to Crespo all of which the latter not alone ignored I but added insult to injury by refusing even to meet the commission Now Cresnos generals have deserted him and are supporting sup-porting Tillegas in the restoration of peace Crespo is a fugitive The day after this lucid explanation I noticed in a cablegram that Crespo wa < marching Caracus and would enter the capital within a week Paiacio is in Paris where he is ssid to be living in fine style on an income from 15000000 Nor have Crespos generals deserted him PARTY LINES IN PEKU Peru furnishes another instance of party lines based on individual ambition I Here the socalled military party the party of exPresident Caceres is in control con-trol The present executive is General Remigio Morales Bermndes Consul General Obarrio defined the parties in Peru as the Civile and the Democrates Ibe latter is in principle like the Republican Republi-can party here while the Civile is a somewhat conservative section Still from all that the consulgeneral said I judged that there are as many parties in Peru as tbere are leaders of prominence Congress Con-gress which meets every tw o years began its session July 28 and is busied just now in an adjustment of the territorial dispute with Ecuador Tho exdictator Pierola has I understand a strong party The state religion in Peru Is tho Roman Catholic Catho-lic so there is always a strong clerical party which is fosteied by state money and appointments THE IOLITICAL SKY IK COLUMBIA Columbia has made many changes of late in its constitution but the man of destiny there is undoubtedly exPresident Nunez On Aug 7 he can if he desires begin a jI j I I LJ I 4r on j4A rcseoturnrn 1 fi4 i ePd i KEW SOUTH AMEHICAX PRESIDENTS publicans With us too those Federals stand for more centralization of power while the Democrats are for a greater degree de-gree of state rights The priest has no political importance in Brazil for with us there is no clerical party as in some of the other South American republics There is i a personage in Brazil known us Monsignor Britto He is a man of vast and varied attainments at-tainments and an indivual of really remarkable remark-able influence But still with all his oratorical power with all his personal i magnetism he has been unable to perfect i what might be termed a Clerical party As to free trade and protection 1 In Brazil that IB a question which never bothers the i voters It is out of the range of our so culled popular politics Are the minor Brazilian revolutions the result of n monarchical faction J No indeed To begin with every Brazilian street riot is dignified here with the title revolution Yet they are simply six years term as president the office to which he wasrecently reelected Consul General Calderon talking of Columbias great statesman and oi others in tim republic re-public said Nunez has tasted power too often I think he will allow the inauguration inaugu-ration of VicePresident Caro on Aug 17 I and remain quietly at his sea coast home during the rest of his life Nunez is now 60 years old He was first elected president presi-dent in 1879 That was under the old constitution con-stitution when the office of president was for a term of two years In 1882 the Radicals came into power and for one year Nunez and the Conservatives were forced I out of the affairs of state In 1S8 he was reelected In 1SS6 he was again elected and in 1892 again Under the constitution II a president must have been out of office at least eighteen months before being eligible 1 for election So for over two years VicePresident Holqum has held the office of president and Nunez was this time reelected re-elected by the socalled Nationals which the bulk of the Conservatives and manyof I ena jI2i I1P f arri3VefleUea RISING SODTn AMERICAN STATESMEN the efforts of local politicians to secure a foothold In local or state ofiites There ia roally no monarchical party left In Brazil not even the semblance of one A CHAT WITH THE VENEZUELAN CONSUL GENERAL The news from Venezuela seems to show a constant change in the situation At the consulate it is only the side of Palacio and illegas that can be gleaned and that In its fullness Concerning General Crespo onlY the bitterest words arc spoken Venezuelans are however typical in their lidherenco to individuals The party of the people was that which Paiacio claimed to represent and that of Congress is supposed sup-posed to iird a typical leader in Crespo The political situation was summed up tome to-me as fallows by the consulgeneral Dr Paiacio was the constitutional president elected to office by the Liberals His term ended Feb 20 last Previous to this the constitution had been amended so that the president and vicepresident were to be electedjjy popular vote instead of by Congress Congress met and the demand of the people for an immediate enforcement enforce-ment of tho amendment mas made Paiacio a the old Independents had joined Vellez although a Conservative had the support of the Radicals and was overwhelmingly defeated The clerical party has little strength in Columbia I In Ecuador the Progressist party renre sents what we term a Liberal party It eleoted Piorez president who is DOW aoout to give way to Dr Luis Car ero The Conservative party there has a strong clerical leaning Consul General Ruiz who represents his country here told me thiit Ecuador had never enjoyed sUch quiet and real prosperity as now Its trade has grown marvelously in the pastyear4 and its only dispute of note is that with Peru over a stretch of terntoryon the southeastern border This is now in u fair way of final settlement by arbitration In the Argentine Republic tho socalled Liberal party is now in the ascendency It has lcted Luis Saenzpena president and the latter will have no difficulty in assuming as-suming power on Oct 12 The present executive ex-ecutive is Carlos Pelligrini also a Liberal and one of the ablest of Argentine statesmen states-men Uruguay has Julio Herreray Obes in the presidential office a Liberal and in f1 < dined to the clerical wing of the party Uruguay comes at the popular sentiment in its nomination of party leaders An electoral college of nine hundred lepre sentative men places candidates in the Held ana these are voted upon Consul Flint thought no South American republic equaled it In Its absolute political reedom in its justice to all parties to men of all sentiments and though small it was seldom sel-dom disturbed by revolutions as are the larger South American republics Next to Brazil the most powerful South American republic is Chili Since its war Congressionalists have not yet divided upjnto strongly defined factions There is a socalled peoples party which might be termed a Bnlmacedlst wing were the name not one of extreme unpopularity in ChIli President Montt is the choice of all parties and is ruling without fear and without favor He is today the most popular man in Chin THE PENDING CHANGE IN BOLIVIA On Aug C said Consul General Obarrio Amiceto Arce leaves the presidency presi-dency and Mai iano Baptista takes the place to which he has lust been elected The latter theleaderof the Constitutlonaists while the Liberals orRadicals are led by General Comacho These are the two strong parties in Bolivia The clericals are extremely weak and the socal ed Democratic a party headed by Pachero has not been able to make much headway The late VicePresident Juan F Zaazo who was to have been inaugurated Aug 0 died a week or two ago and the House of Representatives will elect his successor Everything is peaceful and prosperous in Bolivia |
