Show of Cylinder j t Explained by Oldfield BY BARNEY OLDFIELD f Copyright 1919 UHa by bp King Features S Syndicate Inc of of the most important parts of the automobile engine is t the e c cylinder J hile ile nil all c cylinders linders have the same essential function engineers and andis andrs s is rs have hove managed eel to evolve cO YC many mans different t. t types PCS of this basic part of ofa s a mechanism These differences of or opinion embrace materials shape method of cooling anglo angle of location and still other divergences is difference of opinion that makes make cylinder form forms worth the thc C um e. nf or those Inca l ill in ill cylinder ind r in automobile engines fa a moving part though In soma Jom l' l Ib fe e engines It also ha has this But ut because the cylinder clInder is eta nta- It must not be e as assumed that lie He Few parts parte a about out the car have b fJ strenuous task to perro perform m In r tat rat t place co the cylinder must mutt pro- pro combustion chamber where the theng theng 1 ng ng explosions take place with Ir attendant heat Also Alno the tho cyl- cyl n act net an a a a guide for tho op op- of the piston It must house the thet t system stem it mu must t furnish a rest rest- ace ace for the fan ran Installation It Contain the manifolds anti and often otten aped anon imon for tor other service b be- be dern are commonly cla classified sUied ling to their shape The shape In rg lr determines the location of lees Riven The commonest t form of ofer pr er er construction J is 19 that which we weis las us a is the L-hoad L from rom Its r Tilo to an inverted letter r. r L. L Next j lithe the T-head T then the tho valve valve-in- IB Is sometimes known as the and finally the Knight o ype pe of oC cylinder head L L head cylinder embodies a sort ort ket located off oft to th the side In iare are re located locatell the Inlet and exhaust JI This typo type of or construction has has I of or simplicity and ro- ro I cost ost which letter latter has had much ro-j ro with its popularity The T-head T ehas a cross section resembling I liter named The inlet and find ext ex- ex 1 Calves are arc loca located ted on on t of oC the cylinder cUnder proper ench each in u un rm n pocket This moans means the thc I use e I r one for inlet an 1 the theor tor or or exhaust valves I In the case cae which has the theah ah valves 8 directly In tn the head it I is n to hn hate hav rod rods and rocker tr arms to toe tofe fe e the valves or cl else cine e to employ an anad and ad d camshaft The c Ioe hc on ii-on on the tine other hand u uses es ps ports of valves to a admit ml the are arc to the combustion ch er ther her ber ports to expel t the hI burned J e these are tho the main classes cI ar are a a. number o of combinations n n I II I t several t types peR that t h have J. e been heen I n nl nT the past but are arc arco o lon longer cr ditch puch lich an as the rotary type cylinder clinder ct etc The he comor coin com ril ni of or L head L-head cylinder in ill which i I t ot of valves ales J Is s 0 oc 1 ted in the theat j at at tho side while the other Is I In the bead heyd of which the n Roo Reo o ol cal l marks marka the principal sub sub- i on ow In use I o o In head type of or engine re to re a number of different ways Wa M Ing cing tho the valves In some in- in are ale placed directly In the tho f the head pointing vertically e e. e combustion chamber Again I ay lay bo be e set at an angle angl or even tally Itally In the head r the first requisites of or good hood M t- t rj design is to attain as near aa as spherical perfection In inn order ce to tho minimum heat losses always be remembered that thata ta a L form of oC power and good do- do all 11 the hat hoat consonant fe e. e operation Of or cour course e the I. I Lad JId L- L ad d T-head T t types of oC cylinder do o fill this demand as full fully as tho the head o-head and Knight I SI sleeve ve J valve it which are S R-S nearly a as blo ble perfect d. d The Tho elimination of ot the side HIde pockets for fO valve aho In Installation talla- talla tion lion tends to produce exactness s of com of-com- com com- chamber volume As regards ds materials material gray iron steel teel and aluminum all arc used toda today In to cylinder construction but th the first named Is b by far tho the ntO most t popular lar The rile chief reason for this In Is that the gray la iron Is by br far fal th the cheapest material steel Stoel is so o tl co costly that It can cnn only bo ho used In very priced high-priced en engine n en- gine gine After Arter things got back ack to normal normal normal nor nor- mal aluminum I Is likely to make a a. considerable considerable con con- l blo bid for popularity It Tro was coming to the front before th the war sent ent Its price up to prohibitive e I i M L I l differ largely In the matted matt matted mat mat- t ted of or th the best beat methods method of or grouping the c cylinders It used to be the custom custom custom cus cus- tom to cast each ench cylinder clInder separately th then n grouping them b by twos two's came Into fashion To Today the bloc casting caRting Is wi widely el popular which means that all 1 tho rho cylinders are aro ca cast t hone a single I I block of metal Eight and twelve e cyl 1 l I hider Indor r engines Ines usually have ha the cylinders cylinders clIn ders dels case in blocks block of ot four tour though thought even en those these are arc sometimes cast In bloc I The obvious loUR merit of or rigidity in to the bloc casting has h tho the a additional attraction attraction tion o of relative e cheapness in manufacture ture ure so o that it la is no wonder that tho the makers very generally r favor or this de de de- sign C Cylinders lin must m also be subdivided according accor according ac ac- ac- ac cor cording to whether the they have ha detachable detachable detach detach- detachable able or heads in the type w ablo ith head this part Is hold held in place by bolts the joint being made light tight by a gasket asket From the owners owner's point of or view the removable able a great convenience con since it enables en enables en- en ables him to get at the Interior for or necessary work worl It Is getting to be bo common practice to cast the c cylinder block integral with the thc upper tipper half hal of the crankcase which further decreases the cost of manufacture man- man i and likewise Increases rIgidIty rigidity rigid rIgid- ity of the tho various arlous elements clements Another practice that Is coming coming- into popular popular- Jt ity t Is casting the file Inlet an and e exhaust haust manifolds In the same block with the tho I cylinders lIn ers This not only simplifies s the I design tends towar toward manufacturing economy c. c conom but also gives ghe a certain amount of or heat to the inlet manifold farming warming the fuel and h helping to counteract coun- coun I J i tho fife poor combustion qualities of If th the present low grades des of gasoline I 1 I There I is a a. general Impression that the type lypp of or c cylinder used definitely determines de de- J 1 t the power poser of or the engine eng This Is only BO so within limits The valve In head and its Iti rival rhal would have to be exactly the tho same in capacity and other factors actor As a 1 matter of or fact well tic dc- signed engines of any any n of the t types pe mentioned perform so as to leave no cause for carping The engine is b tho the 1 most highly developed unit In the i chassis tod today so that an any type tP is Ie relatively rela rela- relatively 1 as tho the engine engino wo we would have ha little cause c for complaint 1 1 c q c QUI QUE S AND ANI Barney Oldfield I 1 am am driving rl a n. Grant Six bc and many I friends have o tol told me nie to use kerosene to prevent pro water from freezing Will I you ou let mo ono know I If It tt will freeze or orIf orf ir If f It will Injure n r o the r radiator a d to tor H I. I G. G G Kerosene certainly will not freeze In tin I i I I I 1 I J I J 1 1 i 1 1 1 I I I ordinary temperature but it t Is s not de desirable de de- for man many reasons It gives give off or Inflammable vapors which In ad addition to hat having ha a bad odor is lIkel likely to cause rapid overheating o It attacks the rubber robber hose connections and soon destroys de- de them Why h h not use a prepared antifreeze mixture which is cheap and does not evaporate c Barney Harne Oldfield Oldfield- I have ha a 3 Ford car with a Bosch magneto magneto magneto mag mag- neto and wish the correct firing order There is pIa play between the pistons an and cylinders with two holes toles i In n No o 2 consequently nUy I l get poor performance performance performance per per- from the tho machine What hat can canI I do or where can I get a second hand econ han hanen en engine A. A G G. S S. S The cylinders fire tIre 1 1 3 4 4 2 2 The Bosch magneto has four wires lea leading ln from It it These wires let us say eay represent represent represent rep rep- resent cylinders and arc are so o marked No o. o 1 wire should go to Nb 1 cylinder the n wire lre next to it ft in the direction of ot magneto rotation should go to No 3 the next to No o 4 oJ and the tho last to too No o 0 oGot 2 Got a a. special Bosch instruction book for or details of or timing an and In tion llon If It there lu is too much pia play between the piston and cylinder cUnder you ou must first determine If it tho the wear is the piston platon or cylinder Maybe fay e only the piston t Is worn The parts will have ha to be ac accurately accurately ac- ac measured If 11 the thc cylinder cUnder I is badly worn is ill a a. satisfactory solution I do o not know where you OU can get a a. second hand Ford rord engine hut but possibly a t local dealer might supply you OU Barne Barney Please tell me the how hot best beet to fix m my car for tor winter storage t. M. M I. I I J. Briefly this Is to J e c done Jack u up D 4 tho the four wheels Remove Remo the tires Uree e front from rims graphite and paint rime rims I clean and slightly Inflate Innate the tires wrap same in burlap and place In adark a n adark nark dark ark room Drain all an gasoline from the car leaving leading oil in place Grease all parts lIkel likely to rust going so far tar as to grease the bearings s steering connections connections connect t Ions etc See that the tho underneath parts of ot tho the car are arc free from mu mud and dirt Raise the top and coyer cover the whole holc car with special paper or cloth Send the battery batten to a 1 service station for Cor storage B Barney Barnev rne Oldfield I have o a n Ford and am unable to start tl same I have hae checked up er c everything every every- thing aa an listed in the instruction book but hut now have ha concluded conclude something must be wrong in the tho transmission I pushed the car down a hill hili but couldn't get bet the engine started that I 1 wa way vay as th there thero ro wan wa a bumping sound pound which seemed to be he in the transmission Ion sion Please give me your our advice alco a R n. R R. R T T. It If the engine ruts run and n the thc car will not go o it Is certainly In the thi clutch or transmission If It tho the latter ono one or more mor gears garA 11 may a be stripped or the bands gone I would not attempt to find out myself because you rou ml may rest n assured th that t It means a complete completo din dis dismantling mantling of ot the tho transmission unit and anda a a. replacement of ot some somo parts Barn Barney Id T r have e a Hudson In which the oil oU goes ONi Into explosion chamber and adheres ad- ad heren heres to spark park plugs It will not pull when whon this takes place though the car has been a fine fino performer up to now Kind Kindly give me your OUr advice ad advice W W. W E B. B B B. Tho The trouble may be caused Cl by bo 1 Using I Using too much oil in the tho crankcase crank- crank case 2 Worn Vorn piston rings or poorly fitting fitting fit fit- ting rings 3 3 Worn Worn pl pistons or oi crUn cylinders cylinder or If It you ou do not wish to go to much trouble you might roduco reduce the plug b by having hating bolos holos drilled Int Inu tho the piston skirt HO so the tho excess oil will I drain back Into the crankcase lle I |