Show UT UTAH All CONTAIN MANY RICH PRODUCTS I Kerosene Paraffin a Ammonia Ammo 1 nia Gasoline Nitrates Are Found I helot Below HeloIs Is the conclusion of the com conn- comprehensive comprehensive arti article lo le b by Dean Deau K B Win Winchester chester of oC the tho United States geological In the tine United Shale BUnC survey on the Oil States which appeared in the past two Sunday Sundo Issues of ot the Herald lican Ho lie says jays Tho shale oils examined uy by U tine laIC uio United States geological colo survey have ha been those obtained b by tho destructive distillation of or oil shale t in small laboratory laboratory labora labora- tory ton and field retorts and ma may ma- maor or of mn ma may not not represent nt tho the oil which will eventually eventually event event- be derived in commercial I tice The oil gotten b by the tho distillation Is IN a cracked oil and n obviously different I from rom that contained In the rock If IC such suchs I Is s present and Jt It Is quite probable that that rotors retorts u used ell in future commercial practices practices I tices will bo be built to produce tho the greatest great great- reat- reat I est quantity of ot a given shen desired product I Fractional distillation of tho the shale oil obtained In the tho small testing apparatus U used ed In the tho field save gave an average crago of or oft about 16 15 per ller t cent gasoline distillate UI ip up to ae degrees e reci C C. Cj with 33 per c cent rent kerosene to degrees C. C with paraffin as high as per cent and asphalt average a 2 per ler cent sulphur per cent nitrogen 17 per pOI cent Most of the oil was was fluid at ordinary temperature but that from rome Dome samples sam sam- samples ples pIes was vaseline like similar to 1 the oil of or Scotland The I viscosity of the oil seems to bear benr little relation to Its specific gravity ra lt indicating Indica tins that different different dif dlf- I ferent nt samples of ot shale oil obtained In Inthe inthe the thc cru crude c apparatus used to test sampler sam srm- lICE Ales contained mixtures of hydrocarbons bons bon which when put together gave ga I Ibon resulting viscosities according to the I I mixture Inasmuch as the oil shale hale Industry IsI is I best d developed in Scotland it Is natural natural natural nat nat- ural to compare our OUI raw material with that of or Scotland and to stud study the tho process and results there obtained in order to get an nn i idea ea of or the thc possibilities of oil shale in the United States It Is reported that even e before the beginning of ot the present resent war Individuals Ind of which which number more than were wert miners were dependent on the shale shalo oil i Industry of Scotland Geologically the tho oil shale shalo of the calciferous sandstone series Mississippian G of oC Scotland compares compares com com- pares In age more nearly with tho the black of oC the tho eastern United States than with the richer of or Eocene age e of tho the Rocky mountain 1 region glon Structurally the shale beds In Scotland aro are folded and faulted to a a. remarkable degree degre so that only a few tew places are the beds present which do donot donot donot not dip at considerable angles and man many of tho the mines are arc working beds dipping dippin- 30 to CO GO degrees rees and all minin mining is underground As compared to these these adverse conditions dips as as steep as 10 degrees are exceptional in the tho the Green River halel and there thero are large areas where overburden is sufficiently thin to allow stripping by steam shovel Crude di distillation tests indicate that tho the shale of the Green River cr formation Is capable of yielding much more oil than ban the shale mined In Scotland although although al- al though hough pro probably abb the amount of ammonia ammo ammo- nl nia derivable will be less for tor the American Amer Amer- lean ican can To 10 offset the tho smaller costs of ot mining duo to fa favoring geological conditions American labor costs will be he con considerably greater than those In Scotland Scot- Scot land and Yankee Genius Dep Depended d On From such published information as asIs asis ass Is s available a there appears to have o been beon pro progress or change in the tho last twenty wenty or more mora years ears in methods or machinery of tho the Scotch shale oil In Industry in- in and it Is Iii quite possible that a careful stud study of American oil shale shalo h by bythe the he chemist and chemical engineer will make possible the production of materials mateI mate- mate rials of oC especial Glue lue by methods quite I different from those used In th the foreign industry Chemical al research ma may find If f possible and practical to reclaim the nitrogen of the shale shalo In forms available available available avail avail- able for use In munitions as ns well as assoil soil oil enriching a agents or the tho pyridine compounds so abundant in the tho shale oil obtained by dry distillation ma may be separable from the tho oil and mr may have great reut value It is also quite possible that hat dyestuffs ma may be bc developed dc from the ho oil shale h by some particular procedure pro pro- procedure and it has been suggested that the ho shale shalo ma may be of greatest value alue as asa asa a source of or producer of gas as Whatever ma nay may be the special products we 0 do not know enow that tha It will be possible to develop the he shale for tor Its crude oil Including gasoline and Its ammonia for fertilizer pu purposes Oil shale shalo lo must bo be mined like coal and because of or Its Us toughness shale ma may maybe maybe be much harder to get out of the thc ground ro than coal conI W Whether or not dangerous dan dan- gases will be bo encountered in the operation of shale mines In tho the United States can only be he speculated upon but hut butt It t Is reported that In Scotland neither dust nor gas is 18 A A. menace to the mines so that open lights aro used throughout through h throughout out tho the works The shale after being i brought to the surface Is crushed and then Is read ready for the Iho retorts 1 IH its tH OMU U Fuel The retorts used at present In Scotland Scotland Scot- Scot land and are aro of uC the vertical type arran arranged ed according to the patent u used ed to allow continuous operation new shale being charged at the tho top and spent shale ken alter off oct at th the bottom AN As the shale passes downward in the retort toe heat I Is is Increased ase gradually until in the lower r part art of tho the retort a a n temperature I of oC about 1300 degrees 1 F. F Is reached I Tho rho vapors from the shale are carried through great lengths of cooled air pipes and the liquid products oil and water condense e and are arc conducted conducted con con- ducted Into appropriate chambers The 1110 permanent gas is then used for illuminating illuminating illum illum- or heating healing purposes AccordIng AccordIng According Accord- Accord Ing to Cadell there there- Is sufficient permanent permanent perma perma- nent gas formed in ih tho thu distillation of oC the Scottish shale to furnish h enough heat to accomplish the retorting of tho the shale hale so sa that once the retorts are arc heated It tt ia It possible to dispense al altogether altogether al- al together r with the use of coal Shale Shalo oil is then refined to marketable products products products prod prod- the character and amount of which depend depond not only on the method the of or refinement used but hul much on the tho treatment of the th shale when the shale shalo oil Is being driven n oft off The rho ammonia in water and gas ia is converted Into ammonium b by tho the uso use of sulphuric sul- sul acid |