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Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS. RANDOLPH. UTAH FAMOUS PEACE TREATIES By H. (Copyright 1919, Gwens Protege Newspaper TREATY OF ST. PETERSBURG, : By WILL T. AMES Syndicate.) DAMAGE DONE TO HIGHWAYS 1772. have-gathered- ' Public Roads Bureau Experimenting With Matter of Impact on Various Surfaces. One of the Many Efforts to Straighten Out Poland. Poland, having, hern takn off the map by a treaty, is now to be put back again by another treaty. In the latter part of the fourteenth century Poland was the dominant power in eastern Europe. Her dominion 'extended from the Italtic to the Dnieper and pressed down upon Austria to the south, while Ited Russia, White Russia, Black Russia and tins Ukraine were hers, Prussia was a little slate huddled tip in a corner on the Baltic, and surrounded on the other sides by Poland. Courland and Livonia were Polish provinces. The Prussians or Borussians, were an idolatrous tribe who indulged in human sacrifices and Poland called in the Teutonic knights to subdue them. The Teutonic knights subdued t he Borussians, hut they turned Prussia Into a militant little state winch began at once wars to increase its territory. A Hohenzollern had himself elected head of the Teutonic knights and thus began the house of Holien-zollerand that power destined to have such a large share In the downfall of Poland and to be such a mea-ac- e to the world, sprung from a race of savages led by an adventurer. As late as 1603, when tiie Aruer'ciin colonies were already settled commonwealths, Poland was so powerful i hut her king, John "Soliiesld, marching with a Polish army, relieved the siege of Vienna and saved Europe from being overrun by the Turk. Dynasty Came to an End. With the death of Sigisinund Augustus in 1572, the dynasty of the old kings came to an end and Poland adopted a system of elective kings, and a new constitution which worked out badly and contributed to the downfall of the nation. The Polish diet elected the king. It consisted of a chamber of peers and a house of representatives of the lesser nobles.. The diet sat only six weeks each tear and Its decisions were obliged to be unanimous to he effective. Also there was a recognized right of any nobles .confederating together to enforce their will by the power of arms. Naturally the result was discord and sometimes civil war. Russia, the growing Prussia and Austria fostered these internal disagreements with hungry looks on Polish territory. A large number of Germans found their way into the country, gathered to themselves business and industries and worked their propaganda. In 1773 the election of Augustus III to tiie Polishthrone was accomplished by open bribery and under the guard of Russian soldiers. Poland Stirred to War. But Poland did not die without a struggle. Kosciusko, who had served under Washington during the American revolution, returned to the native country, inspired the spirit of patriotism into his fellow Poles and stirred all Poland into war against her oppressors. The Poles fought bravely and defeated the Russians in the tierce battle of Duhienka. But now a Prussian army entered Poland, Kosciusko- was defeated and Poland overrun. The Austrian troops had joined with the armies of Russia and Prussia and the three powers, in the face of the protests of tiie western powers and the outbursts of indignation from all upright men, proceeded to a third partition which gave to Prussia 22,000 square miles of territory with 1,100,000 inhabitants, to Russia 96,000 square miles with inhabitants; Austria had been slow and got nothing this time. A general rising of the Poles followed and again the leader was Kosciusko. Hordes of Russian and German soldiers were poured into Poland and at length, on October 10, at the battle of Kosciusko was defeated and taken prisoner, and Freedom shrieked its Kosciusko fell, wrote the poet The victorious Austrians, Campbell. Russians and Prussians now proceeded to finish their work by taking Poland off the map altogether. Of what they had not stolon before they proceeded to portion out to themselves the remnants of the kingdom was as follows: Russia, 45,000 square miles with 1,200,000 inhabitants ; Prussia, 21,-0square miles with 1,000,000 inhabitants. Austria had taken part in this last subjugation of Kusciusko and got 18,000 square miles with 1,000,000 inhabitants. The deal begun at the signing of the treaty of St, Petersburg on August 5, 1772, was completed. Poland ceased to exist.. As full of crimes as history is it contains no record of crime by civsuch another ilized and Christian powers as the annihilation of Poland. - Macie-Jowic- Spanish-America- . 20-2- 1-- 2. 1893 War Required Four Months n After all, it took four months aftet the signing of the armistice to sign a treaty with Spain after the Spanish war. And that was a comparatively insimple affair with only two nations volved. Tiie protocol, or amistice, was signed on August 12, 1898, and the treaty signed on December 10 four months lacking two days from the ceasing of hostilities. Tiie treaty was not ratified by the senate until April 11 of 1899. So. theoretically, we were at war with Spain for a year lacking a few days, although actual military operations did not last many days over three months. The principal events of tiie war most people remember. War was declared by Spain on April 24 and by tiie United States on April 25. There was a curious little exhibition of Castilian pride about that. Spain learned on April 24 that tiie United States was going to declare war the next day and promptly declared it herself. Another interesting point is that the United States began the blockade of a part only of the Cuban coast at first and began it two days before Spain declared war and three And the days before we declared-itAmerican proclamation of war was made retroactive to April 21. Dewey entered Manila bay May i and destroyed the Spanish fleet there. C'erveras fleet got into Santiago on May 19, where It was bottled up by the fleet under Sampson and Schley Sampson being senior officer. The American expedition landed at Daiaud tiie battles of El quiri June Coney and San Juan Hill took place On July 3 the Spnuisli oa July fleet attempted to escape and was destroyed In the naval battle of Santiago. Santiago surrendered on July 17 and the campaign in Porto Rico began on July 25, and was in progress at the sigaiug of the armistice. Manila was captured on August 13, the day after the protocol was signed. Manila had been practically at the mercy of the Americans since tiie May morning n, which Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet. It had been only a question of getting American troops there to occupy the place in sufficient force. Spain Was Sullen. Spains attempt to stand against the power of the United States had everywhere resulted in disaster to the Spanish arms. Her fleets had been swept from the seas and her colonial possessions were in American hands. She could carry on no more war overseas, but threatened to sit sullenly at home and defy the United States still. But the battle of Santiago the Unit-a- d , after States began preparing a fleet to Spanish-America- e, d TREATY OF PARIS, The Settlement After the r IRVING KING by the McC'iure n legacy. And the anpretne court ttsotf MOST FRAGRANT OF FLOWERS couldnt have convinced her that the book she was writing would fall to Baltimore Admirer' Declares the Breath of the- Lilac Standa Unmatched-tobring in other thousands shortly. Site was actually on the point of Sweetness. check for four of tiie eigtit signing When the lilacs breathe, odors: of thousands, to be handed ever to Raa Goora as the nucleus of the Gwendo- - ( Arub.v become fetid1 and astringent in line Ciphers sellout, in far off Beirut, comparison. When- the lilacs breathe;, when : their odorous breath carries the fragrance- of the- distillation of a general Sam Cody, the busiest man In Indianapolis found or made time to tion of life and' love that they to themselves, where they drop in to call on Miss Ciphers. Sam was ail business. He hud been every- - have bloomed by the garden wall or The old where and made money everywhere lie against the porch pillar: home wonderful In the vividness of went. But he had leisure enough to keenly it.' memories and associations Is credesire to make Gwen Ciphers Mrs. ated hy the picturing of beauty and' tenderness that the fragrance of Cody. He Jeered at her literary aspililacs brings, to the mind.. for rations and her vaunted capacity sees tiie path through the garden Consequently One making her own life. Gwen resented him while she secretly winding down to the dump of lilacs. Tiie faces of other days are framed adored him. pictures that fancy creates lie arrived at Miss Ciphers combi- in the the magic of the lilacs. through nation living room about thirty secThe panicles of bloom are in full moment onds ahead of Ras Goora, the flower and the blooms will be hailed of whose coop was ripe. He was shakwith joy hy the m if! ti tildes who have lie still Gwen with that hands is, ing In their feelings tiie sentiments to was holding one when Ras tapped which liiucs appeal. They are a medidiscreetly at the door. Gwen, ail smiles tative and reflective kind of flower. of triumph over her Beirut enterprise, come so quietly in the spring. They invited Ras iu. Tlieh she proceeded so abundantly and to tell 8am all about what she aud They bloom forth con-- . Ras were going to do for the Beirut magnificently. They sing their cause to the of and the airs pert April infants. When she turned to beam on to become Ras she was amazed to find him, ail four winds of the heavens their survivors to the joy of manatreinble, staring at Sam as if at a kind. "ghost. At the same instant Sam got to Tiie lilacs are the softest and most the door first. He grabbed Ras by tiie of all tints, those of lavenpersuasive to him for about collar, spoke rudely nnd with some of driven der purple, ten seconds, opened the door, chucked How wonderful their Ras whiteness. him through it and said Scat. tiie blossoms took the stairs in three downward beauty, the assembling of the branch ! their and upon disposition jumps, yanked the front door open and How full of art! How exquisitely disappeared. Dresden is the lilac as it swings In Sam had been an export agent in the breeze! And every lilac bush is Caiffa six years before. He bought a product of years of growth, and that olives and licorice and goats hair and growth goes on perennially until one other things and shipped them to nnd another generation is laid be- America to people lie represented. nent.h the sod, and the lilac has been He made a pack of money, but not Intrusted with the cherished memories so much that lie felt like being robbed. of youth and maturity and age passed So when lie found Has Goora, his of- out of life. Baltimore American. fice bov, whom he had hired because he could speak English, making a wax INTRODUCES DRUG IN LUNGS impression of the key to his petty cask drawer he kicked him into the road, to French Physicians Method of Adminlearn subsequently that as an larcenist Ras was Caiffas only istering Chloroform Said to Be Pronounced Success. rival to his own father, who, it was known, had robbed the poor box at ilie A new method of administering missionaries chapel on the day of his own conversion. chloroform, brought out in France by Listen, Gwen, said Sam, after Ras Jr. Guisez, is described 'in the Scienhad scurried away. Youre about as tific American. The doctor no longer fit to buck against the snides and applies the drug by the usual comas you were press or mask placed over the mouth, grafters and when you were I like but introduces the chloroform vapor you that way. I dont want yon to directly into the lungs through a tube get too blamed cynical. .You will, if running into the windpipe. The tule method has already been employed you stay here and meet a little million more of Rases. Tell you something. I In several hundred cases, and with went to see that Simms person your great success. Besides being very publisher and I made him admit that useful for operations to be performed he wouldnt publish your book on his on the head and neck,, it is of great own hook in a million years ; is only Interest because it never produces taking it for his percentage on what it nausea. The elfects of the new method will costs you. Youre coming out to Indianapolis with me and be Mrs. Sain serve to explain the reasons why ehlo- Cody. Sam, hell be the business agent roform operations always produced nausea when operating by the former between you and the world see? And Gwen saw at . last. So she method, for it appears evident that the nausea was caused by a part of went. the chloroform vapors being absorbed by the oesophagus and the stomach. QUEER WEAPONS OF DUELISTS cross the Atlantic and attack the shores of Spain. As soon as it became evident that the purpose was a reality and not a bluff other European powers put "diplomatic pressure on Spain to end the war. The prospect of American guns awaking Tie echoes of European hills was not looked forward to in 1898 with the eager pleasure that it was anticipated by some nations a year and a half ago. Spain did not need much urging, and on July 22 the Spanish minister of state transmitted through the French ambassador at Washington a letter to President McKinley asking for peace. This letter reached .the president on July 26. and four days later the secretary of state, Mr. Day. replied, stating the terras upon which an armistice would he concluded. They were: The evacuation of Cuba by Spain and the relinquishment of all claims of sovereignty over tlmt island: the cession of Porto Rico and all other Spanish West Indian islands to the United States; the cession to the United States of an island in the Ladrones to be selected by- - the United States, and the occupation by the United States of the city and bay of Manila pending a treaty of peace which should determine the disposition of the Philippines. On August 12 M. Jules Cnmbon, the French ambassador, signed on behalf of Spain the protocol, or terms of armistice, in which were embodied not only the demands stated bur three other articles providing for the method of evacuating Cuba and Porto Rico. FightIt was arranged that ing stopped. peace delegates should meet at Paris in October. Mr. Day resigned his office as secretary of state in order to accept an appointment ns first delegate. The other delegates were Senators Davis of Minnesota and Frye of Maine, and Whitelaw Reid of New York. Spain sent a like delegation. Philippines Stumbling Block. The principal stumbling block was reached when the commissioners came to consider the Philippines. Having taken them and destroyed the only government in the islands the United States could hardly go away and leave them loose In the world, as It were. Other nations had envious eyes on them and stood ready to grasp the fruits of American success. Spain refused to give them up and threatened to break off negotiations. The United States made the cession of the islands an ultimatum and, running true to form in paying cash for wbat she had already obtained by conquest, offered Spain twenty million dollars if she gave them up. Spain yielded and the treaty was nignod on December 10. (Copyright, 1919, by tho McCISire Syndicata. I Nowa-pap- Miss Gwen Ciphers, daughter of an Indianapolis paint and wall paper and one of the kind of women A new series of experiments, which who name their first horns Archibald a have effect may upon if fine and Gwendoline if superfine, transportation on the highways and met up with Ras Goorn, son of a the regulation thereof, has been un- Cuiffa rag picker, in Washington dertaken by the bureau of public square. roads, department of agriculture. Gwen was the ninety-six- thousand The work, which is being done by and first girls college graduate to the division of road materials, test come from Indiana to New York to and research, is designed to demon- soften the heart of the world with her strate the damage done to highways pen. Ras was the second young man by different forms of transportation to come from Caiffa, Syria, with tiie units traveling under varying condidefinite purpose of acquiring, within tions. It is thought that the infor- six months, capital enough to buy a mation so obtained will perhaps serve licorice plantation. as a basis for scientific regulation of The first Caiffa youth to achieve this traffic on different types of pavements, ambition had been Tufa Goora, Rass incidentally indicating the types and cousin. He had returned, after a brief designs of road which will best serve absence, with a small hatful of tiie the needs of traffic. golden coin of the infidels, and had It is also suggested that from this purchased tiie most excellent plantaknowledge fair consideration will be tion of Haj Akab; also the secondassured in legislative charges against hand flivver of the deporting French consul. Eela Karhagian, daughter of the Armenian doctor,, seemed disposed to condescend to Tufa under these circumstances. Ras, too, had yearned hopelessly for Eela. He determined to put over a performance to equnl or excel his cousins. He knew of a better plantation aud a newer Ford. .The plantation he wanted was so near to town they could run in to the picture theater; if And Ras would have made his adventuring voyage to the other side of the world even had he known positively what had merely occurred to him as a probability that Tufa's money had been the fruit of a series of predatory enterprises which made it by the rarest of good luck that he ever returned io Caiffa. He had got out of New York just two jumps ahead of the police. Ras himself was entirely without prejudice as to the manner in which he might possess himself of some of Post Road in Maine Built Under the pelf of those villainously rich unbelievers in America. His one idea Supervision. was to get it and get back. traffic, since an accurate measure of George Washington Ciphers wouldn't Impact damage therefrom will be pos- have trusted Goora, pere, for a ten-ca' sloe-eye- d Gov-emine- nt nt sible. The experiments will cover a wide range, taking Into account four factors those of speed, height of fall, type of tire used and the weight of the transportation unit .. Under the last heading It will be necessary for the bureatr to consider distribution of weight above and under springs and on back and front axles, a quantity which is decidedly variable on different makes of motor vehicles. The bureau and horse-drawhas called upon the national automobile chamber of commerce to assist in the collection of this data, much of which has not been generally tabulated, and a questionnaire has been sent to all motor truck manufacturers of America on this subject. Immediate attention to this has been requested in order to facilitate the experiments. In the initial stages of the work the pack has been measured by the permanent deformation of one-haby one-hainch copper cylinders placed under a steel plunger subjected to the mpact of traffic. A varying height of fall Is arrived at by different take-off- s for the machine. First experiments indicated a wide range in the force of impact as between units with solid lires and pneumatics. Working from these first steps the bureau officials plan to perfect a machine which will take into account the factors mentioned and which will enable them to provide a constant succession of Impacts on selected slabs or paving compositions. This will enable the experiments to proceed much more rapidly than would be possible under actual road conditions. Tests will be made on horse-drawas well as motor-drivevehicles. In addition to the above experiments another series is planned to determine the wearing qualities of different types of road surfaces when subjected to very heavy traffic. n lf lf n n SAVE TRANSPORTATION COSTS e Can Be Eight Cents Per fected When Road Is Lifted to Durable Class. Ton-Mil- Ef- The report of the joint congressional committee which Investigated highway economics in 1914 shows that a saving e of eight cents per can be effected in transportation costs when a road is lifted from the dirt to the durable class. This does not take into account increased real estate valuations or social advantages from the Improvement. ton-mil- Good Roads Approved. The secretary of agriculture, up to May 1, had approved 1,057 project statements for federal aid roads, Involving the improvement of 10,580 miles of highways at an estimated cost of $92,933,000. Much for Trunk It is proposed that Highways. Uncle Sam spend for trunk highways, now that the season approaches when a $400,000,000 man will have no further reason to travel principally with a suitcase. paint brush if the latter, per magician's carpet, had suddenly walked in upon him. Moreover, he would have kept the keenest of eyes on old Ras senior, to see that he didnt steal the knob off the front door as he went out. But Gwen Ciphers didnt inherit either her fathers suspicious temperament nor his quick insight into human nature. Gwen, though she didnt suspect it, took somewhat after her mushy mother, , So when Ras, hat in hand, approached her as she sat on a bench in the historic square planning wonderful things for the world .to be put in her book Gwen did not shoo him away, but looked at the paper he held out. Ras had great, soulful eyes, like a Pits, deer, and said, so pathetically, mees ! ' four-flushe- Steel and Ball Not the Only Things Used by Adversaries on "Field of Honor." In the latter part of the eighteen' h Am strange century tlmt prince of charlatans, The writing read : Pies show Count Cagllostro, proposed a .duel mans In grate country. work. Am awful grate strong. The trouble with poisoned pills. What on earth where did you get arose because he had called a physithis? Gwen exclaimed. Ras shook cian a quack. Cagllostro, on the No spik American. his head. ground that a medical controversy Well, you poor soul, youve got a should be settled in a medical manHint two pills, one proposed nice time ahead of you, sure. But ner, Ras shook his head deadly, the other harmless, should he who wrote this? put in a box and shaken up. Each was again. a pill and swallow it. Gwen, by speaking very loud indeed, to draw In due course tiie duel came off. in single words, and making a series of lived. Tiie other man died. experiments in the sign language, final- Cagllostro Some years before the war an Amerly got out of Ras the two words, cook, ican student In Baris, challenged by ship. a Frenchman, chose baseballs as his ' Weil, you come with me, Gwen There was' Immense jeering, suddenly exclaimed; and. grabbing weapon. American was nnd the accused ot forethumb and with sleeve Itass coat from insanity to cowardice, finger she steered him over to the everything West Eleventh street pension, where tiie latter on the assumption that no she lived with Madame Blanc, a Swiss one civild possibly be hurt by a baseBut the American, taking Ills ball. eonjuress, who knew how to change five cents worth of cat meat into a stand at pitcher's distance, threw with most delectable ragout. She dragged such force and accuracy that the flying sphere struck his opponent behim to the basement door, demanded to see Madame at once, and to that tween the eyes and laid him out flat, Heres that house man though he recovered later on. lady said : A duel with deadly germs was seYouve simply got to take y on wanted. riously proposed by a Chicago physihim. Madame was a business woman. Ras cian in 1916. The preliminaries were was without English. He would he arranged, but at the last moment the worth no more than h!s board. Ras, challenged party shrank from the ordeal. Ms deerllke eyes full of gratitude, j earned to be shown work. As to the Habit of It Nobody else ever learned the lanThese Cieatures of habit, such are human guage as fast as Ras Goora. people, I have often heard. explained beings. They carry along with them Gwen, have a positive genius for a lot of ihe primitive Instincts they Nevertheless she took a had in common with the . lower cretongues. mtghi.v pride iu Rass accomplishment, ation in the nges past. A habit is only for he was her pupil.' A dozen times an outgrowth of nn instinct. It is the a day he was at her door receiving instinct to do the thing that was done tips tips ou English, that is. Io time before until the doing of It becomes months he was talking like a phono- second nature. Tiie leading psycholograph record. gists, and the lesser as well, for that Naturally, Ras explained everything matter, agree that the reactions of to his benefactress. He was an altruthe human system to environment are ist who lived for others. Thats why limitless and therefore the range of he things that may he done habitually l.e was in America. Himself, would so many thousand times prefer Is limitless. to stay in his own beautiful, dreamy Syria, amid the olive trees nnd orange When Gold Tarnishes. blossoms, than to go forth among so In the case of a black mark made by But his peo- a uiany, many strangers. gold pin upon a white cravat, the ple ah, the poor, poor people! discoloration Is not due to tarnishing Such a long time oppressed by the but to friction. Gold Jewelry sometimes wicked Turks. For them he had come tarnishes in the shop through being to America. They had no schools. He wrapped in cheap tissue paper, placed had come to beg money from the rich, in boxes with inferior linings or tied generous Americans for a great chi- up with rubber bands. It will someldrens school at Beirut. times tarnish in sympathy with unlacTo cut it short, Gwen possessed quered silver exposed in the same eight thousand dollars, an auntly showcase. Average Intelligence. There have been a number of reports about the results of the psychologic tests in the army which are Ot not particularly encouraging. course It is all very well to find that more than half of those taken jp the draft were of an average or of a higher intelligence and that four out of every 100 were of a very superior' Intelligence and eight to ten out of every 100 of superior intelligence. This will probably average up higher than what would be secured in an f European country, but the fly in the ointment is the high relative percentage of those who are below average intelligence,, or of an inferior intellivery inferior, with gence or are several grades and degrees even below the very inferior. Nelsons Victory Cups. Recognition of the English silent navy which did so much to win the war has come in the presentation of two communion cups to the Royal Naval Barracks church of Portsmouth, England. These cups were used on Nelsons flagship Victory in the battle of Trafalgar. Thus the glory that was Englands in the earlier days Joins hands with the glory of the present, and tiie spirit of Nelson is linked with the spirits of the brave men who stood by in all the long months of the North sea vigil. Nine years ago these cups were given to a church In Glasgow. The widow of the rector of this parish now gives them to the navy as the gnost fitting holder of the goblets, which were made about 1800. Misunderstanding. The Germans are always being misunderstood, and this misunderstanding is always to the poor fellows' disadvantage. The speaker was Adolph Junck, the millionaire dye Importer of Duluth. I know a German motorist, he g went on, who arrived one June at a crowded country road house. When the clerk told him the house was full, he said desperately: Cant yon at least give me a bundle of hay somewhere? There aint a thing left, mister, said the clerk, but a bit of cold mutton - eve--nin- stew. - - New Substitute for Oil. factory has been started in Swe- den for extracting oil from schist, thus adding one more to the number of substitutes already on the market. Large quantities of alum schist are found in the district, yielding benzine and crude A oils. ... . |