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Show -1 e ' E T H I C 5 of t& 'A. :R-T O F K L I L ING I Hl WILLIAM T. HORN AD AY, Explorer, ' fc Author and Friend of the Wild, Chats About the ' m Jungle, Shooters and Shooting and When to Fire and B What Weapon to Use BL . - IB iHKmBH 1 'BmBhhh K : nwnBir i FnoJTTnf f Wv Trf ' "B u illil iH f 5nS fJJSf fKSISB IB ii p R There Is No Danger They Have Forgotten IB Fcar jlV bpyriKht. 1010. b (be iVcn York "" M r. " -1r'- - rdO jJH ' .EW YORK, Saturday. J " iv " """ 0 men looked In u gunsmith's window. i 1 They were both tall and broad shouldered, ( a 1 and something' about them spoke of wide ' ft plains and thick jungles ami big game. Iu- j M sldo the window, slender and dull, were the i H mstrumeuts whereby mankind gets most of Its deso- II Intlon and the high lights o Its amusement. All sorts I of guus were there thick and thin, compact nud long and the men, who evidently knew all about them, became very professional, here's one of those pump guns'," said the bigger oi 'Great guns! what murderous things thosc are. ' T who'd take one of those with him" -d. though his expression Indicated that :1 outside of the plane of all human known., jn Africa that I met out there i izo the If said the other with an unmis t down and v "who used one of them al t Papulation, cw really. Very bad form j As lo y ' ' Omaha state have seen him that's all," early saloon, a man who would do a conditions, is the opeie Indignant as the two passed their fauiifood staring at the guns. Why iSpiseopaloe bad form? What would Dr. which dr('to tho man? It was clearly the (oilers x zoological Park who -was rc-0 rc-0 " sjrc. then, ethics in wild game hunt-" hunt-" "H'at were they? eeerJp ' . ,vVarly necessary to look Dr. nornaday neb'ut. And William T. nornaday might ,xpected not only to answer that question IJL t .drily, but many others besides, for he Is one Ml class of men to which Mr. Maxim, inventor. fe- Joct and critic, also belongs a man whose interests rf range from literature to science and who possesses aiany way stations in between. In fact, if the ques-t ques-t , '.ion did not happen to be one of shooting the minor li " " inlm.ila of ereution. but had touched upon tho duties' V 'f a collectlug uaturnllst. a taxidermist, a founder of t ' oological parks and gardens, an author, a traveller, a ATlter of scieullllc woiks. a novelist or a business I" nan. he could be looked upon equally as an authority. '. For. as a traveller, he has penetrated the jungle3 A f Venezuela and British Guiana; he has hobuobbed f ai Cuba with Spaniards and revolutionists as far back as ISTo: he has pursued both sclcuco and art to :heir respective lairs In every museum nnd gallery of ' Europe worth mentioning; he has consorted with wild beasts In the Jungles of India. Ceylon and tho Malay I Peninsula; he has held familiar acquaiutanco with those mini mannered persons the head hunters of Borneo, which with tho oidinary man might havo produced dccnpltatiou, but with Dr. nornaday merely irodueed a novel. ; "However, these things nro by the way. The real juestion is, of course. What Is ""good form" In the I ' ihooting of the beasts that perish; good form In pot-. ; lug the unobtrusive wild animal that Colonel Hoose- I elt loves so much to write about?v I Good Form in Shooting. li "Oh, dear me! yes," bald Dr. Ilornaday when the II ouceulratcd essence of these Interrogations was put I o him. "Good form in hunting? Why, yes. I should Hi uthcr tliluk there Is. I should say," be. remarked. It rlth an accompanying twinkle, "that there's about aa HI nuch good form called for In the jungle as there Is In B he drawing room. Yes. Indeed, there's very strict H itlquctte lu the relatlous of the things of Lho wllda and H jurselves when wo go forth agreeably Intent on shoot- H df them much more than we display, in fact, to EH11 ljo members of our own race In the subway, say," Hjl ,0 SftJd. showing a capacity to shoot with words when Hm the circumstances didn't favor llrcarms. .Hh ''Aud for lusti'.uce." B Dr- Uornadiiy settled Ulm&elC to a.Ujttle (-nuuiera- "Yes." he answered, "the conditions of old lime game hunting, say in the late seventies, and those of to-day were about ns different as the conditions of most other things. Then hunting undoubtedly had Us 'dangers. To-day Indies and chlldreu hunt and write their experiences ex-periences for the magazines, too. "You see," he continued, explanatorily, "those were the dnys of black powder. The smokeless powder they use nowadays Is ten times more deadly. A "governess "gov-erness could shoot a Hon now. Then it took a hunter. Then you had to come within say one hundred and llfty or two hundred yards If you hoped to make a shot. Now they shoot from a range of four hundred. "There were no repenting rlllos then," he went on. "Yon were close to your animal. You had to be sure of your shot If you nlhscd your elephant or whatever it happened lo be was apt lo be over you. Nowadays, too, a man goes accompanied by a regular army If he doesn't hit the poor creature with his pump gun I'm sorry to say that many hunters take these, for emergency's emer-gency's Sake, you know one of the attendants Is sure to kill the .inimnl.t That Is why" he sighed "game is disnpp6arlng so quickly now. It is that tcrrlblo' destructibillty of the modern firearm. Indeed. I enn say that tlffe absolute and utter extermination of all the 1WWS!:WW 'Si's' &.- '" " "W" 'W -'i & ffefe Yiii mymm$& A Sportsman Must Wait Till the Ducks Fly lf' $L VBBhI ' " "I suppose the "most atrocious instance of Vat form," said he, "is the use of the pump gun the automatic au-tomatic gun, you understand in wild gamo hunting. With it j-ou can simply keep on pulling the trigger aud pouring out a stream of lead till your magazine's empty. Now, that's not fair. Tlic animal has no chance. A man who would do that Is a natural butcher and not a sportsman at all. He only wants to kill. lie doesn't wajit to exercise his skill, his linessc and courage against the skill and finesse and courage of the wild thing in the jungle. I vould sooner have a man with a knife swallowing sort of bad form than that vnrlcly of It." said Dr. Ilornaday Ilorna-day very emphatically, thus palpably vindicating the judgments of the gentlemen who had looked in the gun store. "Then there Is a difference between butchery aud big game hunting?" "Decidedly," auswered Dr. Ilornaday, quite perplexed per-plexed that there should be tho least douljt of tho matter. 'Terhaps Mo greatest Instinct that "the wild animals have Is the Instinct for danger. Given anything like a chance they can render a good account of them solves. In fact, the moyt elemental spirit of real sportsmanship Is that the animal shall have a chance." Having thus brielly dispersed the mists of doubt, Dr. Dloruaday continued to enumerate those unworthy un-worthy spots upon the bright sun of etiquette in the well considered art of killing things. "There is good form Jn connection with shooting the clephaut," he continued. ''There is exactly one way nowadays that you should shoot an elephant properly." prop-erly." 'Tolllely?" the writer interrupted. "In good usage," Dr. Ilornaday replied, cinploylug for the moment a literary term iu the right of his literary prerogative, "there Is just one way to shoot an elephant that Is through the eye or brain. No good sportsman shoots an elephant through the heart any more. That's quite against tho ethics of sportsmanship. sports-manship. It's too easy. That's about as bad as catching a bear In a trap. Now no good sportsman wonld think of doing that. A man who would do Mhat for sport, I mean should very rightfully be shunned. Oh yes, there's n very distinct code of ethics In sport," he went on. When Not to Shoot, "The good sportsman does not shoot ducks In the water. A manwho would do that should properly be sent to Coventry. A' sportsman must wait till tho ducks Uy; then only must ho shoot. You see, thoy have a chance." Dr. nornaday's tones suggested that this was an exceptionally rigorous rule. "No, you mustn't shoot ducks on the water," continued con-tinued he, "or quail on tho ground. Quail must be In illght too before you can 'let go. " f lie said. It very earnestly Indeed. "Whatever the circumstances?" "Whatever the circumstances. The rule Is irrevocable irrevo-cable as the crack of doom. Now. there' was my lrleud John I'hUllps," t-uul Di. lloruadaj. "Time was an Instance. John had been out almost all day without the chance for a shot. It was a hot day too. He tramped, and tramped, and tramped. The perspiration per-spiration rolled down him and the mosquitoes exercised ex-ercised ,every prerogative. Then suddenly appeared before John Phillips quail. When they saw John they commenced running about rapidly to and fro.,, but they wouldn't fly. John shooed them and made ' nolbos. lie did his best ,'to disturb them, but without with-out avail. He continued to run around, but they didn't rise. They seemed to have some uncanny instinct. in-stinct. Well, now what would you have done?" "Taken a shot at 'em," said the writer with most unsportsmanlike Instinct! "Then you're not a sjiortsmau," proclaimed Dr. Horuaday triumphantly. ' "No good sportsman would think of It. So John Phillips came back, hot and mosqnito bitten and angry. He'd bccn wdrklng all day for a shot, but be couldn't lake one until the proper conditions were there. The blamed little beg-gan beg-gan wouldn't rise, ho said. So how could he shoot?" In thoe circumstances, of course. Dr. Ilornndny's question was altogether unanswerable, lie continued his careful enumeration. "It's execrable sportsmanship to shoot a female," he said. "That's awful form. Neither docs a sports- man kill a young male: Only a male ihalim. t nifty, experienced, Is a proper quarry. Now, here's au in stance of what really good sportsmanship is: A friend of mine, Gustavus D. Pope, recently went out .iftor mouutaiu sheep. He made complete preparations prepara-tions aud tramped mountains for three weeks for three weeks, mind you! before he got as much as even au opportunity for a shot. Finally, after all his labor and struggle, he came across two j'oung males. His time was up; it was the young males or nothing, after all his trouble. Well, I'm glad to say," said Dr. Ilornaday, in the light of a moat unshadowed content, con-tent, "that Mr. Pope didn't shoot. They were too young, no returned again without anything. Now, hat Is what I call thorough sportsmanship." H is dltlicult to believe when Dr. Ilornaday Is talk ing in his otllce at the Bronx Zoological Park that ho has gone through the dangers which, in the old days al least, attended the hunting of big game. The whole suggestion of his manner, as that of his face, Is of a student, and he looks forly-flve, though he will toll you he Is fifty-four. About him in his quiet office are many books, tho mounted heads of animals and pictures pict-ures of them, too, by Ernest Thompson ScJLon and other famous artists. He modestly disclaims a personal per-sonal familiarity with tight corners, oven with his thirty-five years' experience ns a traveller hi what one could truly call the most doubtful localities, or as' a hunter or as a collectlug naturalist. "No," said ho, In answer to a question, "I can't even say I've had any narrow escapes. 1 always had a happy habit of calculating chances, if a hunter has a level head he does not need to have narrow Escapes. Usually the men that have nurrow escapes 'are tho men that don't shoot straight Indeed, big. game hunting as It Is practised to-day Is almost as innocent, a recreation as walking down Broadway," which, of course. Instituted an obvious comparison ' and suggested sug-gested an v Ident question wild" game of the world Is even well in sight except Tor thoso areas which will be actually preserves." He seemed very serious t the picture he had drawn of depopulated Jungles as some patriotic publicist might slli nt tile vision of depopulated cities. "Yes, only in protected areas," he repeated, and. with u whimsical afterthought, "zoological gardens." "But you can hardly count animals iu captivity, can you?" nsked the writer. "Of course their, uu-happlncss" uu-happlncss" Happy Prisoners. Dr. nornaday's directorial eye lighted. Ho had-al-ready effectively smashed some generally accepted theories, in his manner was a faint presage emit there might be others. There were. "That," said Dr. nornaday, "is really one of the fallacies that ought to bo exposed. It is a generally accepted theory that wild animals are unhappy In captivity aud happy In freedom. Now under proper conditions of captivity" It was obvious and pardonable pardon-able that he meant his model Bronx Park "under proper conditions of captivity exactly tho opposite is tho ease It Is ymir cipMn- animal that Is happy; Juiu Uee, ioiug aulinal ihut .uutelv uiiM'Klbh ' . It seemed a revolutionary theory enough. As fo IH Dr. Ilornaday. he became explanatory. IH "You ste." he said, "the ceaseless and awful fea H of dangei can be called the great tragedy of the an' H rual lnjlic wilds. It might bo said, Indeed, that get H orally there are only two things which the Wild aulmc H is ever on the alert for food nnd danger. From lb H llmcthai the young one learns' from the older nnlma H lo what USTace Is exposed it might be said that ther H I? no living instance when any wild animal docs no IH fear. Watch an antelope eating. With every mouth H ful of grass It Lakes its head goes up In front am H around from left to right ftom right to left, in tiro H less watch. The fcar of its many natural enemies i jH reared "within its heart. And so it Is with all the rcl H "Bach animal has Ils natural enemy for which, ever l jH the most awful fear. It unchangeably watches. Evei H the grizzly, which has nothing tp fear from any fou H footed animal allvj?. fears that one that has but two- H mnn No.v said Dr. Ilornaday. "the mountain an H Junple which we look upon as the symbollzation o. . H freedom itself has in Ils heart the most awful Slav H ery the slavery of fear. For -In It death IS every H where. H All Fear Forgotten. H "Nowhere." he said he waved his hand In the dl H rectiou of the pleasanttyoutsldc park which is hb H pride "all that is changed for the animal. Here it If H different. There Is no danger. They do not' have t H watch, always to watch. They have forgotten fcar. H Take the bears, for instance," he said In Illustration. H "Naturally a bear Is the most playful animal imagin- H able. In his wild state he does not often play. Hera H he has only selected., congenial companions. He hai H plenty o,f focfd ne has plenty of water to bathe la H and he's playing all the time." H "No," he said again, 'wild animals aro never H happy, with the sole exception perhaps of those in H British Ea6t Africa, and that Is only because na H ture Is so bountiful In that particular section aud H there are so many animals so many zebras, for in H stance that the comparative few that the flesh eaten H make off with arc not noticed. The danger seems fai H awaj'. Each zebra probably says to himself? 'Well H there are going to be a lot before me,' just as a young JH , man speaks in regard to death. There, perhaps, tht jH zebras really have a good time." H Ale ceased aud the quiet office seemed very qlilei M Indeed. It seemed to form a curious contrast to thoa H things of which he liad spoken. It seemed almost H unbelievable that after a life in jungle aud moun H tain, a life .of the camp fire nnd of sleep under ttu IH everlasting stars, that that small green otllce could M always satisfy. M So the writer merely aTsked if 'hunters didn't some H limes get a wanderlust of their own The, animal wan H 'lerlust H "Indeed we do," said Dr. Ilornaday. "A time ever: H year comes when the ordered run of tilings seems nl most unsupportablc.. The hunger for the woods ant j rocks and forests and free skies becomes tot giea M to control. It simply takes possession.' And whet M tlfb time conies for you to. lake the trail after some M favorlie'ghuic, why" r- M I i M v I .-.- - is 3 H tf&ra lpB&"&9ft. cH''" H S3lV-rllBV " H IwM . I I ! M M' ' . ; a I H Perhaps the Greatest Instinct Wild Animals Have Is the Instinct of Danger H Dr. Ilornaday raised his eyes and, while not cmo jH tlonal hi the extreme sense of the term, mlht erj well at that moment have apostrophized the lieiu vus H "Favorile game? What Is then the hunter's HiiPsl H "Every hunter has a different answer to that ' i H said. "I used to say the elephant aud 1 suppose n H one senso it Is, tliough I've rather changed my leu H now. A great many hunters think the mountain sheep, though. You have to go through the finest scenery to get them and then you have to work, u ellm. But then, of course, again." he said, becoming analytical, "I suppose generally the magnitude of the nnlmal Is what attract . Why, the feeling then be- gins with the very trail With the ordinary animal H you have to watch sharply for the footprints. But H when you're alter the elephant aud see thoe great depressions wuj, In soft country they look like great holes and look down them then you feel its big game you're nftar." H With which Dr. Ilornaday set himself1 busily to H sigirhn aeeuinulated mass of typewritten letters which Were arranged upon hK desk, and1 left In Imagination the vat slopes of forest ami of plain with which his H eye had lighted a he spoke, and became again merely H the director m" that incomparable place which ic de-. H signed himself and v. hh-li w;i practically lil.s own) H creation the Bronx Zuologkul Park IH I |