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Show Moon Rocks Hold Key To Mysteries Of Universe By WILLIAM J. CROMIE key to the origin of the Earth, planets, and Sun probably lies on the surface of the Moon, according to Dr. Wilmont N. Hess, former director of science and applications at the Manned Spacecraft Center. - The Dr. Hess discussed this and other findings from the 43 pounds of dust and e rocks brought back from the lunar in an interview. These findings will be presented to the world at a Washington press conference scheduled Septem- S sur-fac- ber 15. J ) t Hess says the most significant discovery that will be discussed is the fact that rocks on the lunar surface are about 3.1 billion years old. Scientists are almost certain that highlands on the Moon are even older than the dry, flat Sea of Tranquility where Apollo 11 astronauts picked up the dated samples. This means theres a good chance that by going to the highlands on a later flight we can get material that dates back to the origin of the solar system, 4.5 billion years ago, Hess points out. That would be very exciting the ability to get your hands on some of the rocks that were the original building material of the Sun, Earth and planets. Astronauts will attempt to reach the highlands on the third lunar landing, probably in March of next year. However, Hess, who has taken the post of director of the Environmental Science Service Labatories in Boulder, Colo., believes the most likply place to find primordial material is in the south central mountains. A landing is not scheduled there until 1971. NASA officials have hinted that they may send a scientist into space for the first time or. this mission. Once they have a handful of the priand mordial material, astrogeologists chemists can begin to determine how the solar system was put together. Scientists widely accept the idea that the Sun and planets condensed from a swirling cloud dust and gas about 4.5 billion years iof If tjie composition of this cloud can f .be determined from lunar rocks, it can compared with the present composition of the Sun and Earth. We would then have a picture of how the chemistry of the solar system changed with time, Hess points out, and could begin recon-- ; Istructing its history. 1 Hess explained that planets nearest he Sun are the densest or heaviest; they become lighter toward the edge of the solar system. Mercury, the closest to the Sun, is heavier than Venus, Earth and Mars. These planets are, in turn, heavier than Jupiter and Saturn. This means there is different material at different j distances from the Sun, and this must have something to do with the original structure of our solar system, says Hess. shaped like a football, Hess says, with its long axis pointed row ard Earth Why this shape, we dont know. But the fact that it stajs this way leads us to believe the lunar interior is cnid. If it were hot, the rocks would be plastic and the Moon would take on a different shape." The most attractive theory Is that the whirling dust cloud acted like a centrifuge or cream separator, with the heav- iest material at the center and the lightcollecting toward the edges. The Sun condensed in the center, where most of the material was, while the surrounding clouds broke up Into rings similar to those of Saturn. Within the rings, material traveling at high speed collided with dust and rocks going slower. Big chunks attracted smaller chunks by gravity, and the accumulations of rock and dust gradually grew irto plmets. The spacing of the planets and their bze was determined by the spacing and width of the rings. Did the Moon form in the same ring as Earth like a tvln planet? Hess says evidence brought back by the Apollo 11 astronauts "points in that direction, but is not conclusive enough to eliminate two other theories. Ona is that the Moon originated somewhere else in the solar system and was later captured when it entered Earths gravity field. The other holds that the Moon is a chunk of the Earth ripped away from its mother planet during the early history of the solar It was hoped that data from the seismometer left on the lunar surface to measure Moonquahes would settle the question. Recording of quakes caused by activity within the Moon would indicate it is a hot body. But the instrument has quit operating, and whai little information is sent back to Earth is inconclusive. er material Another surprising discovery was the fact that lunar dust is 50 per cent glass. Half of the dust samples brought back consisted of tiny glass beads or spheres the size of sand grains and ranging from dark brown to yellow in color. The glass is remarkably smooth and accounts for the fact that Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrln referred to the Moons surface as slippery. Scientists agree that the beads come from meteor Impacts. Heat generated by the impact melts surface material and causes It to splatter. As it sprays out in all directions, hot drops of rock freeze into the tiny spheres or teardrops. The large amounts of glass scattered on the surface and present in lunar rock show that many, many meteorites have slammed irto the Moon during its hisio-ry- . It would be difficult for any kind of life to survive such a bombardment and, indeed, scientists have found no sign of life, past or present, in any of the system. Dr. Ross Taylor of Australias National University studied the chemistry of the lunar sampler and concluded that it was not like what would be expected if the Moon were torn from Earth or formed elsewhere and was captured. Dr. Oliver A Schaeffer of the State University of New York, who helped date the rocks, says that evidence so far strengthens the idea that the Moon and Earth condensed from the same cloud of Top photo shows unopened box containing about 20 Moon rocks of varying sizes and shapes; bottom, a close-u- p view rocks. of gray-to-b!a- material. Of course, not everyone agrees with them, and it is doubtful that study of the first samples will settle the question of Moons origin. Taylor bases his theory on the fact that rocks on the Moon are not too different from those on Earth. However, Hess points out that there are some differences. Weve found a high level of titanium in samples from Tranquility base, he notes. If you had rocks like that in your backyard youd call it a titanium mine. The question is, are these differences enough to lead you to say that the Earth and Moon werent made alongside each other? We dont know the answer to that yet. In light or what has been learned from lunar rocks, the theory that the Moon was once part of the Earth is the hardest one of the three to accept, says ck Hess, but out. it cannot be completely ruled The picture Is complicated by the fact that unmanned spacecraft found different chemistry at other locations. Therefore, the composition of Tranquility rocks might not be representative of the Moon, Hess points out It could be due to a meteorite high in titanium crashing into the surface. Scientists identified the lunar rocks as igneous, meaning they formed from molten material which cooled and crystallized. This means that the lunar surface was molten some three billion years ago. Moon scholars cannot say whether the heat that caused this melting came from the energy of giant meteorites crashing into the surface or from volcanic lava rising from the Moons interior. This leads to another directly unsolved mystery. Is the Moon a hot, active body like Earth, or is it a cold, dead accumulation of rocks? Investigators found enough radioactive minerals in the lunar rocks to indicate that the heat of radioactivity might have melted part of the Interior of the Moon and caused volcanism. But, although the Moon may have once been volcanic, there is at least one good reason for believing it is a cold lump of rock at present. This Is the fact that it is The Moon is badly oat of round. samples. There is no evidence of water on the Moon and less than one part per million of organic matter was found in the TranDr. Hess pointed cut. quility rocks, (Organic matter is usually associated with living things, or with conditions favorable for life.) Therefore, it is becoming harder and harder to build a theory that allows you to have life on the moon," he said. Some plants and seedlings treated with Moon dust in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory have turned out to be slightly greener and hardier than control plants on which no lunar dust was scattered or rubbed. But these are grown in chemical solution and almost any type of natural dust could produce this effect, says a NASA botanist. On Earth, volcanic material similar to that found on the Moon adds minerals to the soil and acts as a fertilizer, HeaS points out. "You certainly could not say that this means there may be life on the he said. Moon, OUR MAN IN - WASHINGTON By GORDON ELIOT WHITE Deseret News Washington Correspondent The death Sunday WASHINGTON of Ev Dirksen has taken from the Senate the last giant figure on Capitol Hill. His sudden-ly- , passing after he seemed to be recovering from an to reoperation move a lung canwaS a blow cer to a capital community that had come to lean on Mr. Dirksen, partisanship aside, to keep the Senate machinery running. Since World War II, the great names of the Senate have dwindled. Robert Taft, Walter George, Carl Hayden, Theodore Francis Green, Arthur VanJ.e-berRobert LaFollette Jr., Harry Flood Byrd, have died or retired. The passing g, of Everett McKinley Dirksen seems to seal an era. More than that, his death takes from the Senate the last voice which was raised in the pattern of John Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and the long line of larger than life men who strode through the pages of hisfory. Those who remain seem pale images, stamped out by public relations and television, picking at nits, large and small. Everett Dirksen could not have been comprogrammed by any image-makin- g puter; he was far too big and complex a man, at once the rather tough party taskmaster who could, If he felt it necessary, cut down an opponent though his weapon was often the most gentle of ridicule. He seemed almost always to be enjoying a private joke as he played the d role of orator, roller of of a nuclear on behalf phrases, majestic or the marigold. test ban treaty silver-tongue- The reporters who covered Dirksen always felt they were In" on Evs private joke. To most of us who would gather in the Senate galleries on Tuesday afternoons after the GOP policy luncheon, Ev Dirksen was an institution; by turns a clown, a party leader, or a statesman. He would parry with good nature questions that would have insulted other politicians, for we expected him to turn them away with a jest or a gesture, and he knew we expected that Where another man could have given substantially in five minutes the same that Ev gave in half an hour, Dirksens performance was the key to the appreciation by the press that no one else has enjoyed in Washington in the last decade. Eisenhower was respected, even loved, but Dirksen was appreciated as a professional by the professional political reporters. rs None of us could claim total underhe was far too unpredictable standing for that. In 1964, in hla finest hour when the civil rights bill was being debated, he told Barry Goldwater that the measure was an Idea whose time has come. Goldwater, who dreamed of an earlier age, voted against Dirksen, yet Ev gave Goldwaters nominating speech that same month at the San Francisco convention. He, like Lyndon Johnson, who preceded him as the most powerful man at the capital, was a Senate person. He was a master of compromise, of the judicious use of persuasion in private, and the legislative vote swap. Ev Dirksen, of course, was unique in becoming a political recording star whose readings sold hundreds of thousands of records. He once said he would like to record with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. They are a beautiful Dirksen said. They sing my group, kind of music and the Mormons believe in the same things I believe in. $20-Millio- n By HAROLD LUNDSTROM Deseret News Music Editor New Yorks culture paradise, Lincoln Center, becomes a total entity this October with the opening of Its final constituent, The Julliard School. A clean-cut- striking, , modern-- i c structure much in the style and manner of the other Lincoln Center fabulous build-- 1 n g s, J u Uiard promises a new s 1 era 1 in teaching, training, and serving the public. It will also send boards of directors of other institutions that are proud of their facilities and trying to catch up and-o- r match it. Its facilities, to make the seasons understatement early, are resplendent, with no less than four major performance auditoriums.- Most eagerly anticipated Is the t Alice Tully Hall. This is what New Yorkers hope will be the answer to the citys need for an intimate, modern chamber facility. And if it is, then perhaps it will inspire others to go thou and build likewise. Alice Tully Hall opens Thursday (11) with a gala chamber concert Five days later, the New Yorx Film Festival moves in for a stay. The other auditoriums are the Julliard 'Paradise Sets Opening MUSICAL WHIRL The other Julliard facilities Include an orchestra and chorus rehearsal room, 15 (repeat 15) major studios for ballet, modern dance, opera, and drama. Dont go away yet: Add also 3 organ studios, 84 practice rooms, 27 classrooms and ensemble studios, 30 luxurious, private instructional studios, and the lounges and snack bars and scenery and costume workshops and studios that every professional company will envy. When Julliard takes possession of its new home, It will be entering Its 65th year as a central force in the musical life of New York, the United States, and the world. Julliard is international in scope because its student body inapproximately 800 this year cludes musicians from 30 countries. Some of the conservatorys past students include such renowned performers as Leontyne Price, Van Clibum, Richard Rodgers, Rise Stevens, Rosalyn Tureck, and John Browning. - STATE FAIR The 1969 Utah State Music Fait Competition begins Friday (12) at 2 p.m. in the Music Hal! on the University of Utah campus under the direction of Louis Booth. The medium voice group will have first bats. The competition will continue Friday night, all day and most of the night Saturday, with tte closing scheduled for Sunday afternoon. Professor Booth has said that the competition can accept a few more entrants as late as Friday morning. This might be a decided advantage to any tardy teenager who still wants to be auditioned for the Deseret News sponsored annual "Salute to Youth Concert in the Tabernacle with the Utah Symphony Orchestra and Maurice Abravanel, October 15. Mr. Abravanel has requested that he wants to have all those who want to be auditioned lor the Salute to Youth Concert screened and recommended by the Utah State Fair Music Competition judges. Her Eye Pupils' Differ In Size By DR. GEORGE C. THOSTESON Dear Dr. Thosteson: I am a e student girl and an Recently it has been called to my attention that the pupil of my left eye is much larger than the right Die pupils vary, but most of the time there is a very above-averag- noticeable difference. Is this anything to be alarmed about? Is this a symptom of some brain disor-der- ? D.T. The size of a pupil varies with age, tending to small in infancy, larger in adolescence through middle age, and smaller in advanced age. Unequal size may occur and be entirely innocent. Since the difference in size in our case is variable, I doubt that it is cause for alarm. However, since a difference in size can be due to certain neurological disorders as well as diseases of the eye, I think it would ease your mind tc have an eye specialist check you over. 1,096-sea- two-wee- k Theatre (961 seats), Paul Recital Hall (277 seats), and the experimental Drama Workshop (277 seats). Books, scores, records, tapes, and manuscripts will be readily available in the Lila Acheson Wallace Library, as opulent and attractive a research center as New York or anywhere else in the world can boast. the smalt society by Briekman 10, 1969; OUR HAH JONES Tti Mystery Of Missing Sweaters By HARRY JONES I The jump and yell gang members out at Granite High the kids with all the school spirit . . . are finally decked out' in their complete Pep Club uniforms. ... But, it has taken time, The Granite Pep Club is a " ping precision group under the good hand of Alice Nellestein. high-step-- And its a lot better thing they do than, students who jump and yell and throw"' rocks, etc. Its been reported that one of , the reasons President Nixon is withdraw-- , ,i ing troops from Vietnam is because a lote-o- f college presidents and high school principals have asked for more protection. l', Anyway, back to Granite High School. Part of the uniform is a d sweater worn under a vest. The sweaters wpre ordered from an eastern concern, through a local merchant. ' short-sleeve- , By the time the group had its first chance to make like the Rockefeller Center Rockettes, every part of the uniforms had arrived but the sweaters. The gals borrowed and grad- uated members. They made the big entry at a football game in good old show biz tradition, the bit about the show going on. Granite won, too. a Meanwhile, with check the outfits from big" " sisters sweater I weavers disclosed they had shipped them weeks ago. They did send a second group. A local merchant who placed the"' order made an investigation . , . and , when the mystery unraveled, guess what? You're not going to believe this. .. v ... is Candy Candido . . . sweet guy Gentle Ben, the bear in the show by the saire name. Youve probably heard Candy a hundred times without knowing it. He has been the voice of many Walt Disney characters" including Mickey Mouse. Hes now with- Ivan Tors Studios. in town with Ex-L- n But then the sweaters were red! Aide BJ Working For Tobacco Lobby By JACK ANDERSON - A former LBJ aide, WASHINGTON who tried to use his White House position to soften the governments press releases against smoking, has now turned up on the payroll of the Tobacco Institute. He is Fred Panzer, who worked on health research at the White House before he signed on with the cigarette lobby. In his role as a presidential health specialist, he fired a terse memo to his superior in the White House, Doug Cater, declaring impatiently; As a smoker, I find the streams of HEW releases cn the horrors of smoking irritating. Instead of an campaign, Panzer suggested that a softer, howto-stop smoking campaign would be less irritating." I an convinced and so are millions of other smokers," he wrote, whats needed now is a program to actually help people stop smoking. I think this would have very great appeal and serve a true public health need. anti-smoki- YOUR HEALTH Wednesday, September The plane with sweaters . . . ole! . was hijacked to Cuba. MERRY-GO-ROUN- D Dirksen Kept Senate Machinery Running NEWS DESERET Cater forwarded Panzers suggestion tc Dr. Philip R. Lee, then one of HEWs assistant secretaries, who didnt consider it in the public interest to step the campaign but who was more than eager to help people stop smoking. The single most important limiting factor, he replied to the White House, is availability of funds. Panzer insisted to this column that there was no connection between his the governments attempt to releases and his job offer from the cigarette lobby. This column asked whether he was still trying to help people stop smoking now that he is a lobbyist for the tobacco institute. Before I took this job, he said, I investigated the matter and became convinced there are two sides to the question of smoking. Right now I feel the other side hasnt been heard. He paused for a moment, then added an afterthought. I dont think Im dealing in death, he said, hopefully. It Is Interesting how Candy got the job with Disney. They were looking for voice of a raven. When Candy applied they asked him to do his raven call. Ma' or female? asked Candy. was . hired cn the spot and stayed 15 "J Ha; years. Jean Sakovich is in town, too. Jeans the gal who has skated in all the top ice shows with top billing . . . been around ,1 the world more times than Ive been to ; the store. , Shes in town to promote Holiday on Ice at the Salt Palace during the Utah State Fair. Jean is the gal who headlined an ice show in Africa and was upstaged by the ice. The natives loved it thought it was delicious. Jean is new at advance publicity, but shell make it. She talks as good as she r, skates . . . and as fast! If talk was cheap, she would stiU be a millionaire! ,rr Wit's End Well, the college kids are getting- ready for school . . , buying clothes y looking for apartments . . . buying books n . . . ammunition. ... inr BIG TALK 3 "Mr. Nixon's 75 cutback of federal construction may indi- cate he's found the perfect weap- to fight inflation . , . depres- ij soft-ped- UNINFORMED EDITORS Two young White House aides quietly of Infiltrated the recent conference college editors in Colorado. At a bull session attended by more than 70 editors, the question of draft reforms was discussed. The White House aides were appalled to find that only one college editor knew that President Nixon had called for the abolition of the draft. this was reported back to the he decided to dramatize his draft reforms by issuing directives to correct deficiencies that dont require new legislation. He wants the younger generation to know that he is concerned about their problem:. t When President, sion!" From photoi taken for tha Deieret New (Jelly Birthday feature. popular l!!l!!l!ll!l!!!ll!llll!!l!!!!lllil!ll,'l!l!l!!liJ!!!!!ll!!ll!l!i!i!i:!!!!!!j!;!;! n : v |