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Show Monday. December 4, 1WS THE DAILY I1KRAI.I), Provo, I'tah Study says Rosa Parks pays visit to city where civil rights began By JESSICA SAUNDERS Associated Press Writer ' MONTGOMERY, Ala. Rosa Parks was back Friday in the city where she made history, celebrating the 40 years since her simple refusal to give up a seat on a bus sparked the modern-da- y civil rights movement. It was Dec. 1, 1955, when Parks, tired from a long day of sewing in a store and tired of segregation, sat firmly in her seat and ignored orders to give up her place to a white man. She was arrested, and a movement was born. Blacks boycotted the segregated buses, eventually winning their case in the U.S. .Supreme Court and inspiring a .wave of protests that helped bring down segregation laws across the -- South. A historic marker now stands on the spot where Mrs. Parks was arrested, in front of the Empire Theater on Montgomery Street. ;;; On the anniversary of her act of defiance, Mrs. Parks, 82, visited a race relations seminar at Maxwell Air Force Base, then g attended a and program at Carver High School. A ceremony at the downtown site was scheduled for later in the day. Earlier this week, a slim, bespectacled woman who gave her name only as Gertha smiled as she recalled the days when she book-signin- 1 srj J I ! shift work I - t unhealthy for women By KEVIN O'HANLON Associated Press Writer and other blacks took to their feet rather than sit on segregated bus- DALLAS Women who ork all hours of the clock may be taking a toll on their hearts, according to a study that found nurses on rotating shifts were up to 70 percent more likely than coworkers to suffer a heart attack. "Shift work is a type of stress," said Dr. Ichiro Kawachi. an assistant professor at the Harvard Medical School and the study's author. "If you disrupt the body's daily biological clock, the body responds by pouring out stress-relate- d es. Blacks had long accepted separate bus seats "because that's the way it was," she said. "It wasn't a choice. We had no transportation, so we had no choice." "She realized it was wrong. She had that courage," said Gertha, 74, who did her insurance sales by foot during the boycott. "It was wrong, but nobody stood up and said nothing, so I thank God for her today." A year after Mrs. Parks' conviction under a city ordinance, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered integration of all public transportation, the first in a series of landmark civil rights decisions that eventually erased the white-blac- k dividing line in public places. Meanwhile Mrs. Parks, finding it difficult to get a job in Alabama, moved to Detroit in the late '50s. Forty years after the boycott, most of the faces on a downtown bus are still black and poor, as Mrs. Parks was in Alabama's segregated capital of 1955. Most believe things could be better but the conditions that bind them to poverty today aren't as flagrant as segregation. Instead, there is a lack of jobs, increasing crime and lingering social prejudice that keeps the dividing line in place by neigh- - w j ifW - f- ! 7L -- LJ--- " J Lr- - iff hormones w. i. ,- 7- AP Photo Rosa Parks, a seamstress whose refusal to give up seat on a Montgomery, Ala., bus touched off the boycott of that city's transit system on Dec. 1, borhood, if not by seating areas on a bus. "You can't hardly get no work," said Susan Giles, 50, a maid who can recall riding in the back of the bus as a child. 1955, is fingerprinted by deputy sheriff D.H. Lack-he- r ey in Montgomery on Feb. 12, 1956. The boycott eventually won blacks their case in court. Mrs. Giles believes conditions have gotten worse since the civil rights movement. "I don't know what changed it. It seems like society doesn't want to help," she said, clutching bundles on her lap. The driver, who only would give his name as Harris, said blacks still don't have the economic power to achieve the same living standards many :, WASHINGTON A federal independent counsel has exonerated Bush administration officials investigated in the 1992 campaign-seaso- n search of Bill Clinton's passport files, and issued an extraordinary apology to them. "The State Department mishandled the Clinton passport matter at virtually every step," said independent counsel Joseph diGenova in a report released Thursday, capping a $2.2 million three-yea- r, DiGenova said while some of the actions investigated were "stupid, dumb and partisan," they were not criminal. He said the case should never have been referred for prosecution and lashed out at former State Department Inspector General Sherman Funk for the sloppiness of his staff. Those caught up in the investigation lived under a legal cloud for three years, suffered emotional stress because of the threat of criminal action, incurred huge legal bills and had trouble finding work. DiGenova said the independent counsel law under which he was which has led to four appointed investigations of the Clinton is administration vastly overused and should be reserved for cases where there is "a threat to the structure of government." "I wish to issue a governmental apology to Janet Mullins and all the other individuals who were caught up in this regrettable incident at the height of the 1992 presidential campaign." conference. Mullins, the probe's primary target, was White House political director in the fall of 1992 when unfounded rumors surfaced that Clinton while in college had sought information on how to renounce his U.S. citizenship. The rumors triggered freedom of information requests from the news media and an inquiry from Rep. Gerald Solomon, DiGenova found that administration officials who expedited the information requests including President Bush's chief of staff. diGenova. who was U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia during the Reagan administration, said at a news Talk radio candidates' forum of choice whites enjoy. Large audience gives hopefuls access to voters By PAUL TOLME Associated Press Writer NASHUA, N.H. Republican Steve candidate presidential Forbes had just given a lengthy discourse on crime, the economy, taxes and abortion during a call-i- n radio show on WMVU when the phone board lit up. Tom from Nashua was on the Jine, but he wasn't interested in For's" 17 percent flat tax or his abortion rights stance. ' Tom wanted to know Forbes' position on the metric system. "Tom, thank you for that hardhitting question," host Kevin Miller said. Despite its unpredictability, talk fadio in New Hampshire is the y presidential candidate's best friend, TV ads are expensive, stump speeches over chicken pot pie exhausting. i ;But shows are radio call-ia and reach politically Widespread audience. conservative jictive, On any given day three months before the nation's earliest presidential primary, there's a good Phil chance Pat Buchanan, jGramm, Forbes, Lamar Alexander (or Dick Lugar is on the air in some fcorner of New Hampshire. Bob ! ! ; J road-wear- i shop," a sort of on-a- ir yard sale. At WMVU, where Forbes was the guest, the small studio got so crowded an engineer had to walk over a desk to get out. The situation is the same in Iowa, where caucuses are eight days earlier that New Hampshire's Feb. 20 primary. "I can't think of any we haven't had on," said Jan Mickelson of WHO in Des Moines. "Most of the candidates w ill let you harass them. Those who won't don't make a good impression," he said. Around the country, talk radio "is a very effective way to reach Republican listeners." said pollster Andrew Kohut, director of the Times Mirror Center for The People & The Press. But Kohut hopes listeners understand that talk radio is opinion, not news. "Talk radio hosts will sometimes admit they have a partisan agenda," he says. Kohut's polls have shown that listeners are more likely to be he's not a mean man. He was very personable. He had his wife, Wendy, come in too, and she did the same thing." has Mitchell interviewed Buchanan several times and Republicans, 34 percent, than Democrats, 26 percent, and considerably more likely to be conservatives than liberals 49 percent to 14 percent. He is not surprised. "Talk radio is about complaining, complaining about City Hall. It's mostly people calling up say- -, ing 'What the heck is going on?'" Kohut said. "Liberals don't complain about City Hall." Several New Hampshire hosts said they have no agenda and simply provide an alternative to the national media. Mitchell said his show fills a void for lesser-know- n candidates. "Some of the fringe candidates get the most interest because voters already know everything about Bob Dole," Mitchell said. "I think it's crucial for them because they get ignored by the networks and the major news outlets." Mitchell said making news isn't at the top of his agenda. He lets candidates get warm and fuzzy with listeners if they want to. "We had Phil Gramm in here, and he was trying to get across that expects to have all the major candidates on his show again before the primary. Though talk shows are popular with the candidates. WKXL's Hill said the candidates are not always popular with callers. "A lot of the people who call are frustrated by politics and politicians in eeneral," he said. James A. Baker III knew such information could help Bush's falcampaign. tering The officials rushed to pull Clinton's file from a federal record center, but it contained nothing to back up the rumors. Baker indirectly contributed to the search by asking subordinates about the status of the requests. diGenova reported. When Baker found out the Privacy Act would bar disclosure of the file, he told Mullins to "stop whatever she was doing." the report said. r Dole, the front-runne- r, is the only candidate who hasn't traversed the state's radio circuit, talk show hosts say. "This is filling the void where people used to get together at their neighborhood coffee shops or the post office. Now people can get into a discussion from their car phone or at work or home," said Dan Mitchell, host of a call-i- n talk ihow on WKBK in Keene. ' ; The shows in New Hampshire bear little resemblance to the slick productions of nationally syndicated hosts such as Rush Limbaugh. jThe audiences are smaller, the talk often folksy, and callers sometimes are not screened, which allows rival campaigns' "ringers" to get through. j On WKXL in Concord, host Gardner Hill switches between Interviewing presidential candidates and fielding calls on "swap J REPRESENTING CLIENTS IN BANKRUPTCY i iii'iiiiiiii iw ' 5 wasmmmmmm IMPROVE YOUR "We & Tape Discount Everything... Everyday!" LOOKS, HEALTH AND QD-RQ- W POPULARITY. -l JUT i . . ii .IF r' LIBRARY Sm $50-$- 1 I I ULTIMATE iSjrf ggipBjffij" J 11 Attorney Why pay " among women who had worked rotating shifts six years or more," Kawachi said. The overall risk of a heart attack was low for the entire group: for that reason, the 70 percent figure was considered a moderately higher risk. Book Santa hear your wish this year? Maybe not? Well, you know. Santa spent many years building his toy factory at the north pole. The noise from all the time he spent in construction could have very likely damaged his hearing. Also, ever since the factory was completed he has manufactured toys, surrounding himself w ith loud hearing risk of heart attack higher Seagull n Will in and these ROBERT P. MCINTOSH 375-083- .In ... things generally do bad things for the body." The study, in Friday's issue of the American Heart Association journal Circulation, looked specifically at nurses who worked irregular shifts for more than six years. It focused on nursing because it is one of the few professions in which a large number of women work night shifts. In 1976, the Harvard team began tracking more than 121,000 female nurses, ages 30 to 55, who were free of diagnosed heart disease or stroke. In 1988, researchers asked them how many years they had worked rotating night shifts, which was defined as at least three night shifts each month in addition to day and eveniii" shifts. "the 79.000 nurses who , Of responded, about 59 percent had done shift work and 41 percent had not. From 1988 to 1992. 292 of the respondents had heart attacks. 44 of which were fatal. "After adjusting for cigarette smoking and a number of other risk factors such as whether they had hypertension, whether they were overweight or had high cholesterol, whether they drank alcohol, et cetera,, we found a moderately increased up to 70 percent feds admit mishandling of Clinton passport probe By JIM DRINKARD Associated Press Writer Page A3 I CD-BO- M 00 more? Vol. 1-- Vol. 45 3 $12.95 ea. $13.95 63. j V0l.6$149S Sim. I K damaging machines. You may know someone who r jr works in a similar situation. If nrrwJI 1 the TV is always too loud, or if r they can hear but don't always Christmas wish: for the understand the words, then your house who worked, or month of December you can in still or construction works, is noise that the start of save up to $250 on any induced sensory neural hearmanufacturing, then this may Miracle-Ea- r hearing instrubest be the gift you could ing loss. You may have to aTree receive and ment Santa: of the to Santa your gift give raise your voice so of hearing-ai- d supply hearing. hears your your wishes. If year batteries. Here is the answer to your you have a Santa around SBP-- Six Volume Set i j; sa2rj ' J 1 Call for a free hearing test. 224-944- 4 Paid Adv. Compliments of Miracle Ear in ttwiys trt. Not rtttdicai tufwrtencM may vary ((.pending on propw Hwrfog IMM trxUvkdu m. W. (or propm Tt ptrformxl ot wvorlty mpiittcilion only. "Htarinj ndt unnot rattKt rwluril hwlng. 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