Show HOUSES T FUTURE T T ivr UR ri r i KI u i L wib have SMALLER KITCHENS and ald LARGER BATHROOMS dishwashing is one of the staily yno tasks 3 coffee ancl toast in toli breakfast 01 nook without 6 53 M I 1 to g va aum cheanea abolished abo lishev the tiresome anat clisly modern bathrooms are attractive of Z lighted lith ted ventilate ct ancl frea antl with health exercisers a weighing machines A architectural exhibitions this winter emphasize an overwhelming wh ming trend toward smaller kitchens and larger bathrooms there Is no particular connection bet between een these opposite tendencies d den cies elc except pt that both have a sound scientific lenti basis and are interesting illustrations 0 of american leadership in everything even thing calces tor for efficiency and good living small kitchens are in general more convenient than large ones fifty years ago the average american kitchen was often the largest room in the house an expanse of vast open space frequently used as a general sitting room as a laundry and as a playroom for the children distances from one point to to another were so great that food preparation became a task re quiring the combined efforts of several persons an inquisitive husband who strapped a pedometer to his cifes wrist found that she walked more than a quarter of a mile while making a custard cus tard pie in such an old fashioned kitchen the modern kitchen la Is designed for the almost conservation ot of time and energy and the ideal size for the average home according to scientists Is an oblong room no more than 8 by 12 feet the oblong shape Is better belter than the square because fewer steps aro are required in crossing the room from one work center to another science also dictates the arrangement of the equipment everything Is arranged tor for purposes of step saving most women work in a right to left motion the order of their kitchen Is fixed first gathering up the raw food from cupboard and refrigerator second preparing I 1 it t tor for the stove third cooking it and serving it fourth removing the dishes washing them and putting them away this fixed order Is reflected in the arrangement of the kitchen furniture first refrigerator and food cupboard second work table third stove fourth serving table fifth sink and dish cupboard the scientists prescribe that the walls shall ie be lined with all the equipment in the order named so that work proceeds exactly like the assembling of an automobile on an endless belt and the kitchen of the future will be as small no aa it can conveniently be and meet these requirements bigger and better belter bathrooms on the other hand band bathrooms just naturally tend to increase in oza and importance the modern bathroom has hai come to be one of tho the most me s t attractive rooms roams in the tha house well lighted well ventilated and luxuriously equipped and decora decorated teh the american bathroom has no precedent in the lives and customs of people of other lands there are no period styles in bathrooms to copy the bathroom Is a development of the past 35 years and architects have only recently begun seriously to study the equipment and decorative treatment of this modern amer american can room originality nall ty in bathroom architecture was held back tor for a long time by the casual and undistinguished beginnings of the room itself A generation ago when a home owner became converted to its importance as a factor in health and comfort he would order one installed stalled in his house usually converting another room a large closet or a hack back hallway into a bathroom and this attitude toward the bathroom has left its mark upon architects and builders up to very recent years in planning now new houses or remodelling remo delling old ones they gave the least possible consideration to the bathroom r om it was tucked away in any old corner and grudgingly given a small obscure window times are changing however and today architects and builders have begun to realize that the bathroom Is so essential to the of the whole family that from the very pt starting arting of the plans tor for a house it should be a part of that home and should receive special attention in the houses of the future this particular TOOM room will be planned and built as a bathroom with more light more air and more sunshine than ever before it will have plenty of space and will be frequently equipped with such mach machinery of health as exercisers weighing machines and sun lamps magic of Ala machinery chinery science and invention have worked so many miracles in the dally daily life of the twentieth century that people sometimes tall fall to realize their supreme contribution to the noble task of abolishing ho household drudgery in an hour the modern home homa maker can accomplish things A refrigeration helps emery hou sabire to achieve ec cornies 0 that required days daya anu ena e na lu in the days of 0 her mother and grandmother first came the electric iron and the steps it saved from the stove to the ironing board and back again amounted to several miles a year tor for every home maker next came the washing machine not only saving time but also contributing to human happiness by abolishing aching backs and cracked knuckles then the vacuum cleaner which at one stroke abolished the tiresome and dusty task of 0 sweeping finally the automatic refrigerator whose possibilities are only just beginning to ie be realized by home makers for it not only saves time and energy but actually takes a part in the preparation of food adding a long list of intriguing contributions to the dally daily menu the automatic refrigerator has brought a new touch ot of luxury and attractiveness to the home table it has added a note of color and zest to all departments of at domestic hospitality with its aid the technique ot of food preparation approaches perfection we have discovered that cold Is lust just as important in the kitchen as heat it improves many fruits and vegetables it makes meats more healthful and appetizing it enables the home maker to keep her prepared dishes longer and to do her work vork further in advance it brings to the ordinary family hundreds of recipes never before within their command it helps every housewife to the achievement of new successes and new economies the importance of a good refrigerator Is unquestionable annual yearly waste of foodstuffs in the united states Is 20 percent of the total and halt of this is waste in the home due to spoilage frozen desserts the first englishman to taste a frozen sherbet was richard the lion Ile hearted arted in the year 1191 while he be was crusading in palestine he was treated to this delicacy by the mohammedan leader saladin Salad ln richard could hardly believe his tongue wren when lie he tasted so delicate a dish one of the tall tales told by marco polo when ho came back from his hh travels was about a frozen pudding that tasted like sweetened snow nobody believed him until ho he showed a vienna cook how to do it about years later one ona of his recipes was used by catherine de da medici as the climax of her wedding feast today with the aid of the automatic refrigerator the humblest home may have with slight effort and expense dishes which years ago were served only to kings and emperors and to them only on the most important occasions today it Is no more trouble to make a biscuit than a rice pudding haade easy the bugbear of house housecleaning cleaning has been practically driven out of american life by the modern spirit of efficiency and labor saving now new tools and machines have been developed old implements and materials have been improved and houses are built so that it Is easy to keep them clean the modern washing machine the tha vacuum cleaner the tha self wringing mops and dust cloths claths are instruments which make it a practical working principle to keep clean rather than to make clean it if the dally daily household routine Is carefully planned it the kind of furnishings that are ara easy to keep clean are chosen and handled in the right way und and it if provision to la made for keeping nil all the dirt possible out ol of the house there Is no longer any need tor for worrying about those periodic upheavals alich used to f be ba known as house housecleaning cleaning time the modern woman Is a great believer in preventive house cleaning which means a study ot of where dirt c comes 0 mes from and an effort to stop it before it enters another household invention which Is just beginning to find a wide following among archill architects acts and home homa makers is Is the electric dishwasher in a ques mailed to 1000 housewives asking ashing theli their opinion is as to the most disagreeable and mo me notorious no task in housework mentioned dishwashing it Is a task of course that must lie be faced three times a day seven times a week 1095 times a year no other task in III housework consumes the time required by this one operation somebody has estimated that an electric dishwasher actually saves the average woman 40 working days of eight hours each out of 0 every year A scientist has baa figured that old fashioned methods of dishwashing cost a year tor for a family of 0 tour four people when done dona electrically the cost Is importance of soft water among household inventions which have not yet gained universal recognition architects are now emphasizing the value of 0 water sort sott eners water Is so essential in every phase ot of modern life and it bears such an important relation to health and personal comfort that tha t everyone should know more about those characteristics ot of water that make it desirable or detriments detrimental I 1 tor for household and personal use water Is the greatest solvent known to man that Is it will dissolve d readily a greater number of 0 substances than any other liquid and tor for that reason always contains many im imparl purl ties As water tails falls from the sky in the torm form of 0 rain it gathers up all the particles of 0 dust smoke and gases that have risen from the ground and are floating about in the air water from springs wells or rivers gathers up mineral impurities probably the time will come when all water used in homes will be filtered altered through a water softener to remove the impurities that harden the water and hamper the lath lathering ering qualities of soap in the laundry soft water imparts a snowy dry fluffiness and a sweet smelling cleanliness to tho the wash that Is absolutely unknown to hard water users |