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Show Poles Fight for A Free Country Bar 'London Traitors' From Postwar Democracy They Are Planning. MOSCOW. The Polish soldiers fighting beside the Russians for the liberation of their country have . with rare exceptions, very definite ideas on the postwar organization of Poland, which they insist must be democratic in form and untouched un-touched by the "London traitors" , of the emigre government. This attitude was revealed in the course of a three-day visit by war correspondents who questioned members of at least 15 detachments of Lieut. Gen. Zigmund Berlings first four divisions as they moved into the front lines for the coming big drive against the Germans on the first Ukrainian front. The Poles said: "We want a democratic demo-cratic Poland and we oppose collectivization. collec-tivization. We want the big landed estates broken up and the land distributed dis-tributed among the peasants. We are grateful for the Red army's fight to liberate our country, but we oppose op-pose interference with Poland's domestic affairs. We desire nationalization nation-alization of big industry, big business busi-ness and banks, but small industry and small business must remain in private hands." Primarily Peasants. The group of visitors was composed com-posed of Oscar Lange, professor of political economy of the University of Chicago, who is touring Russia as a guest of the Soviet government, and five correspondents, four of them American and one British. Berling, who is commander of Polish forces on the eastern front, and his political officers, as well as one high Soviet officer, accompanied us on our visit. ( The soldiers were questioned by Lange in Polish, with correspondents' correspond-ents' questions relayed through him as interpreter. The majority of troops questioned came from ; Poland's eastern provinces or east of the Curzon line. They were primarily pri-marily peasants. There were only small groups of industrial workers and practically no intellectuals. There were hardly any Communist sympathizers among them. The men said that they favor a democratic, parliamentary regime in which all liberal elements, wherever they may be situated outside out-side Poland now, may participate. American Poles are included in these groups. Those responsible for Poland's defeat should be excluded from power. Want Expansion Westward. The desire that a provisional government including all liberal elements should be created as soon as the first important Polish city is occupied, and that a constituent assembly should be convoked and' general elections held to determine the form of the new Polish state. When asked what they thought about the Curzon line, the men invariably in-variably replied that an arrangement arrange-ment could be made concerning territory ter-ritory claimed by two powers. When they were asked about the disputed territory of Teschen, their reply was to the effect that some deal should be made with the Czechs, who claim the area. All the Poles supported the idea of Poland's expansion westward at the expense of Germany, and asserted as-serted that the German populations of East Prussia, Silesia and Pom-erania Pom-erania should be deported. Meanwhile, Russian and Polish officers of-ficers recently arrived from eastern east-ern Poland said that bands of Ukrainian Nationalists, armed and led by Germans, have been roaming roam-ing the forests of the western Ukraine, terrorizing and massa-creing massa-creing the Polish population. |