Show HOW TO STOP HESSIAN FLY LOSSES aw M la A ww aty showing the life cycle of the hessian fly which has survived the cold of last winter in considerable numbers entomologists of the united states department of agriculture find prepared by the united states department ment of agriculture although halt ough there Is no remedy for the hessian sy fly when hen once it takes possession of a crop of wheat a great deal can be done toward keeping the fly out of the cicat since the hessian fly Is the most destructive tive insect enemy of wheat in the united states control measures pay chere have been at least seven general outbreaks cit cat of the lle mississippi river in the tie past 37 years scars and another Is ig regarded as imminent by specialists of the bureau of entomology the aver idge annual damage to wheat through out the united states from this insect Is estimated at how to stop losses the means of preventing loss ns as summarized by the department are these practice crop rotation D do 0 not sow wheat on oil stubble if it Is possible to avoid doing so plow under all infested stubble where practicable allie soon utter after harvest plow ruined wheat as soon as possible after it lias his been determined that the crop will vill be a failure destroy all volunteer wheat by harrowing disking plowing or some other method moth od plow nil land to be sown to wheat as early earl and deeply as existing conditions permit and prepare a thoroughly pulverized and compacted seed bed conserve moisture mol sture against a period of drought at seeding time use good seed fertilize sow wheat during the fly tree free period as advised by your farm adviser or state experiment station adhere to those these practices every year whether the fl fly Is abundant abua dant or scarce they will help to keep it scarce community operation cooperation co Is essential it success is to be attained because one infested field may furnish enough vvs 11 aes to damage the wheat tor for several miles around when to sow wheat sowing wheat during the fly free period means moderately late sowing experiments conducted over a great many years have haves show hov a that in most localities cali ties the safe date tor for sowing w heat to escape hessian fly injury usually coincides with the proper time for sowing in order to obtain the largest yields independently of hessian fly injury these dates have been determined tor for certain localities as follows la in northern michigan soon after the 1st ast of september in southern michigan and northern ohio about september 20 in southern ohio after the first week in october in extreme athern D illinois the safe period usually occurs from september 21 to 28 in central 1111 illinois and aid indiana from september 21 to 30 in extreme southern illinois from september 30 to october 5 in central kentucky from october 5 to 15 in central tennessee from october 16 15 to 25 in georgia and south carolina from october 25 to november 25 la ia northeastern kansas the sate safe period Is from october 1 to 10 in east central kansas usually from october 1 to 20 t in extreme southern kansas and northern oklahoma wheat should not be sown until the second week in october this Is true also of virginia near sea level october sowa wheat always enjoys the greatest freedom from froin the fly in maryland except in the mountainous regions where earlier planting is essary in southeastern pennsylvania the safe gate period Is during the lie last week ol of september nad and practically the anine delay in hent beat sow IP it in 11 ite e full fall should be followed to tile lh these clr se darest anre only approximate mill to show in a wineral ny n enri 1 ilic I tho etien ben tin flit full fall brood of 0 ty 9 ll 1 s alt al ire dependent dop euden upon latitude altitude longitude and other local conditions the date varies considerably in broken or hilly country even on the same farm being appreciably later on tile southern slope of a hill than on the northern slope of tte tle tt e same hill at the same elevation because of the fact that the larger part of the fall brood appears and Is gone within a week or so it Is possible so to time the seeding of winter wheat na as to avoid the hessian fly find and this Is one of the most practical and effective measures that can be applied A full discussion of the heslan fly and how to prevent losses from it is contained ta la farmers bulletin 10 sa copies of which may be had free by writing the united states department of agriculture |