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Show ' " " " " ... THE BULLETIN. BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH ' ' -- ' ,,..J..-...,.,,- , it(Oii'y off ttlke Ao IE Fo (Caprriiht, 1931. la all MMtrlM bf Amari- - Bn General I Nawap-- P' Allla-- a. World right iMeftd. tC?'r'w "iVrlS: oin . Pershing by the Trench. April 15 I received letter from M. Clemenceau advis-ing me that Mr. Lloyd George had approved the suggestion, and asked If I agreed. I replied In a personal note expressing my agree- - ment subject to the confirmation of President Wilson, which came April 17. Once the question of supreme command was settled the l-nated energies of the allied armies could be directed with maximum effect toward a common end. While dark days were still ahead, we were spared the chagrin of Ineff-iciency through lack of teamwork. CHAPTER XXXIV Now that the supreme effort must be made on our port and when units were sorely needed for Immediate active service It was found, much to my surprise, that, although the divisions then coming to France had been under training for six months or even more, they still contained a large percentage of untrained men. As already pointed out, the geu- - g eral staff, when called upon to pro-- vide men for special services, had relied upon taking them from com-bat divisions Instead of anticipat-ing such requirements and segre-gating these specialists from the start and training them as such. This was a most vicious applica-tion In time of war of a very ob-jectionable practice that bad grown up In our army In time of peace. It appears that during the prepara-tion of our armies In the World war no other plan was followed and the practice was carried to such an ex-tent that divisions with, say 25,000 men. which should have been held CHAPTER XXXI Continued If the responsibility had been mine I should not have hesitated a moment to put Into the battle any or ail of our five divisions then In France. The First was the only one used for the time being, the others being placed In quiet sec-tors, each to relieve two French di-visions. As our divisions were more than twice as large as theirs It amounted to almost Immediate of ten divisions. At the time of the German attack a battalion of the American Sixth regiment of engineers was on duty behind the British Fifth army, en-gaged In railway construction and repairs. These troops were given arms and participated with the British forces In the defensive op-erations until after tbe lines were stabilized. CHAPTER XXXII Secretary of War Baker went to London to discuss with the Brit-ish authorities the prospects for pertaining to three divisions, the Third, Fifth and Seventy-seventh- , would be sent at once, and those of three other divisions about May 1. Replying April S to the depart-ment's cable, I emphasized that it was "not Intended that our units shall replace the losses of British or French organizations, and there-fore our artillery should be held In readiness to follow when called for,, although It was possible that the situation might become "so seri-ous that some of our Infantry units will be forced to serve with British temporarily.' My Intentions were further Indi-cated by saying: "Americans must not lose sight of the purpose to build up divisions and corps of their own," and also "we must svold the tendency to Incorporate our Infantry Into British divisions where It will be used up and never relieved. " My cable recommended that the Infantry of two divisions be sent by British shipping and two by our commander. We have already had experience enough in trying to co-ordinate the operations of the allied armies, without success. There has never been real unity of action. "Such between two or three armies Is impossible no matter who the commnnder in chief may be. Each commander In chief Is Interested In his own army and cannot get the other commander's point of view nor grasp the prob-lem as a whole. 1 am In favor of a supreme commander and believe that the success of the allied cause depends upon It "I think the necessary action should be taken by this council at once. I am In favor of conferring the supreme command upon Gen-eral Foch." When I had finished Mr. Lloyd George came over to where I sat, took me by the hand and said: "I agree fully with General Per-shing. This Is well put." After some further Informal dis Intact and each one perfected as an organized team, were constantly called upon to send large groups of their trained soldiers to other duties. Inspect Available Division. In view of their possible early employment I wanted especially to look Into tbe general state of eff-iciency of our available divisions and give some personal Instructions about training. Going the rounds, 1 met General Illrschauer, who was one of the able French generals, and found him very enthusiastic about the Second, which had been In line at Sommedleu under his command, confirming my own opin-ion formed from observation and reports. He said that without doubt it was then as efficient as any of his French division The First was further advanced than ant of thn others and its morula Ground gained by German Offensive rch2l-April5.l- 9l8 O 25 SOMiles addttionai snipping ana aiso me general subject of munitions. While there be sent me the following tele-gram March 25, 1918, embodying suggestions from the prime minis-ter which showed the deep anxiety of the British: "I have Just had a long talk with the prime minister. He urges three proposals for your consideration, first, that our divisions la Francs be placed Immediately In line to relieve French divisions for service elsewhere, quiet sectors being chosen for troops with least train-ing. "Second, that all availuble engi-neer troops be taken from lines of communication work and sent to aid of British engineers preparing positions back of present lines. It Is urged that suspension of our work would be but temporary and that the work suggested Is Impera-tive. "Third, that infantry be sent first of the entire six divisions to be transported by British In view of present acute needs of that army. No answer to the foregoing Is nec-essary until I see you tomorrow when we can discuss the sugges-tions fully." First Division Ordered Into Line. My diary notes the following: Chaumont Friday, March 21), 1918. Held conference with the secretary of war and Gen-eral Bliss yesterday on Joint recommendations of military representatives of the war council. Ift Paris this morning for Chaumont. At Petain's request, the First division ordered to battle line, which Mr. Bnker said people at home would enthusiastically approve. Mr. Paul Cravath dined with us this evening and, speaking of unity, favored placing con-trol in the hands of a commit-tee composed of Marshal llalg, General Petain and myself. The situation had become so se-rious that the military representa-tives seemed to think It necessary to recommend that all previous plans for the shipment of American troops he disregarded and that nothing but Infantry and machine gun units be shipped until other wise directed by the supreme war council. This they did In the form of a Joint (or unanimous) note, which was, of course, approved by the supreme war council. I wns very much surprised at the attitude of General Bliss, our mill- - own, but that present plans should go no further than this. It was my purpose not to become too deep-ly Involved in an agreement that would make It Impossible later to form our own Independent force under our own officers. CHAPTER XXXIII Secretary Baker and I had fre-quently discussed the question of a supreme allied commander, and we were both ready to accept It In principle when proposed. In response to a notice from Pre-mier Clemenceau I went, April 8, to Beauvuls to meet with the su-preme war council. Arriving early, Colonel Boyd and I had to wait an hour at the Hotel de VIHe before M. Clemenceau and Lloyd George came Into the conference room. Marshal llalg, Generals Foch, Pe-tain, Sir Henry Wilson, Bliss, Wey-gun-and myself were the others participating. Brigadier General Spiers acted as Interpreter, and Lieut. Col. Sir Maurice Hankey, who usually ac-companied Mr. Lloyd George, as re-corder. The meeting was finally called to order by M.- - Clemenceau. who stated its purpose, saying In substance : "We have come together to settle a very simple question regarding the functions ef General Foch. 1 think we are all In agreement as to the of allied action, but there Is some difference In the understanding of General Foch's powers as conferred upon him at the Doullens conference of March 2G. Genernl Foch will explain his difficulties." Foch Calls for Action. General Foch then set forth briefly his situation, as follows: "The powers conferred by the Doullens conference were limited to the of action between the allies. They were conferred while the action was on. The pow-er to has been con cussion, a draft of tbe resolution was submitted which omitted ref-erence to the American army. Whereupon I called attention to the oversight, saying: "I think this resolution should Include the American army. The arrangement Is to be In force, as I understand it, from now on, an.l the American army will soon be ready to function as such and should be Included as an entity like the British and French armies." "There Is no American army yet as such," General Petain Interject-ed, "as Its units are either In train-ing or are amalgamated with tbe British and French." Pershing Has U. 8. Included. "There may not be an American army In force functioning now," I replied, "but there soon will be. and I want this resolution to apply to It when It becomes a fact. The American government Is represent-- , ed here at this conference and in the war, and any action as to the supreme command that includes the British and French armies should also Include the American army." The foregoing account of the conference may not be an exact rec-ord of the language used, but it Is given as my aid took it down. The following resolution was then read and adopted: "General Foch is charged by French and American gov-ernments with the of the action of the allied armies on the western front; to this end there is conferred on him all the power necessary for its effective realiza-tion. To the same end the British, French and American governments confide In General Foch the strate-gic direction of military operations. "The commanders in chief of the British, French and American armies will exercise to the fullest extent the tactical direction of their armies. Each commander In chief will have the right to appeal was high at the prospect of going Into the battle line. Recent developments had brought the question of the employment of American troops Into Immediate consideration. The President's qualified approval of the recom-mendation of the supreme war council, as embodied In Joint note No. 18, was seized upon by the allies and construed as a conces-sion for the unlimited absorption of our troops In their armies. No doubt my offer to General Foch lent encouragement to the allied view. Mr. Baker's visit to our armies m during this critical period was for-tuitous, as the problems that con-fronted us could then be seen In their true perspective. He had an opportunity to meet the allied lead-- : ers, both civil and military, and get ! In touch with conditions In the dif- - (ferent still countries. greater Importance, he saw with his own eyes the building of our organization. He was keen observer, with clear under-standing and a logical mind, and obtained in a short time an accu-rate conception of our task and Its difficulties. Before Mr. Baker sailed for home I had sent him the letter quoted below, and, although we later discussed Its contents briefly, It is given as showing the reaction of at least part of the British press at the time: "April 5, 1918. Dear Mr. Secre-tary: I noticed the otiier day that one of the British papers, in re-ferring to the fact that plans had been made to send American troops to the assistance of the allies, stat-ed this would relieve the British of the necessity of depleting the strength of the forces kept at home for defensive purposes, "This suggests to my mind a cer-- tain political phase of the British situation which may give us addi-tional explanation as to why Mr. tary representative with the coun-cil, as without his consent the Joint note could not have been submitted to the council. When the Joint note was present-ed to Secretary Baker I pointed out to him and General Bliss that the nronosal. if aDnroved by the I'resl- - dent, would place the disposition of American units entirely In the hands of the supreme war council and take them quite out of our control, even for training, and wouh' without doubt destroy ail possibility of our forming an Amer- - strued to be limited to the time the allies were In action. That was March 20 at Doullens. . Now we are at April 3. "Now that the two 'opposing armies are no longer In action but have stopped and are facing each z sjSi Ss ' I t" v j w Jfrii.fg- - -v TVw Salvation Army Lassies Handing Out Doughnuts. 1 ' lean army. The secretary was as strongly opposed to any such outcome as I, and after some discussion be dic-tated his views In s cable to I'resl dent Wilson explicitly recommend-ing thnt the control of our forces should be retained by our and thnt the Joint note be approved only lu that sense. Reply From Wilson. The message forwarding the Joint note with Mr. Baker's com-ment was answered by cable from Washington dated March 30, which stated: "The President concurs In the Joint note of the permanent mil-itary representatives of the su-preme war council In the sense for-mulated in your No. 67 March 28. and wishes you to regard yourself authorized to decide questions of Immediate or replace-ment." i It was thought that this state-ment, coming from the President, would check, at least for the time being, the demands of the alllns that we provide units for building up their divisions, but their in-sistence continued. The President's message was fol-lowed March 30 by a cable from the department, which stated: "The recommendations of secre-tsr-of war to President . . . that preferential transportation be given to Americar Infantry and machine gun units Ir present emergency un d erstood and will be followed." It went n to say that these units other, there Is nothing to There should be authority to prepare for action and direct It. So we are right back where we were, and nothing can be done until an action starts again." Lloyd George Pleads for Unity. Mr. Lloyd George then entered the discussion, saying substantially: "We have had more than three years of this war and we have not had unity of action during thai time. During the last year we have had two kinds of strategy, one b Haig and another by Petain, both different, and nothing has been gained. Tbe only thing that was accomplished was by General when he wns in supreme com-mand. "General Foch Is now empowered to the action of the allied armies, but this does not go far enough, as he has no authority to control except by conferring with the respective commanders lu chief. He wants authority to pre-pare for action. I think the resolu-tion ' made at Doullens should be modified so that we may have a bet-ter understanding. I should like to hear what General Bliss and General Pershing have to say." Pershing Gives His Views. I then gave my view, which was set forth In a brief memorandum prepared in pencil after the discus-sion began, as follows: "The principal of unity of com-mand Is undoubtedly the correct one for the allies to follow. I do not believe It Is possible to have unity of action without a supreme Lloyd George and British represent-atives are so urgent In their ap-peals for assistance from America. "Following this further, maj"V suggest thut you give the matter serious thought? There Is so very much at stake for us that It seems to me very frank representations should be made to the British gov-ernment as to the urgency ef their putting Into the army every pos-sible man that can be mustered to meet the Immediate emergency. . . . (TO BBS CONTINUED.! to bis government If In his opinion his army Is placed In danger by the Instructions received from General Foch." Allied Commander In Chief. The Idea of an allied commander In chief had been suggested and discussed many times unofficially but for various reasons, --political and otherwise, it had never been definitely adopted by the supreme war council. With the distrust that existed among the allies. " was not easy to bring about the de-cision In favor of a supreme com-mander, and It wns made possible only by the extreme emergency of the situation. The designation of General Foch as commander In chief of the al-lied armies In France was proposed News Review of Current Events the World Over France, Alone in Blocking Hoover Moratorium Plan, Is Warned by President-- Feat of Globe-Circlin-g Flyers. By EDWARD W. PICKARD n. Pool, New York; Dr. Dallas B. Phemlster, Chicago; Dr. Daniel F. Jones, Boston; Dr. Walter K. Lee, Philadelphia, and Dr. William J. Mayo of Rochester, Minn. Exchange of Ideas and explana-tion of research work on cancer, plastic surgery, skin grafting and other phases of the profession fea-tured the convention topics. SPAIN Is to continue to be a and Alfonso will remain an according to the results of the national elections. Alajan-dr- o Lerroux, old time Republican leader and at present foreign min-ister. Is the man of the hour and it is accepted that he will be the first premier under the new consti-tution that Is to be adopted by the national assembly that convenes on July 14. The Socialists and radicals will control this as-sembly, which In fact will be rath-er moderate In policies. The com-munists are powerless. Catalonia still Insists on being a separate state In a Spanish federa-tion, but Senor Lerroux predicts that the Catalan movement will soon collapse. SWMWMJ'!M'"tg iiiiiii'' T)aY after day Secretary Mel-lon and Ambassa-dor Edge negotiat-ed with French off-icials In Perls In the effort to recon-cile the moratori-um plans of Presi-dent Hoover and Premier Laval, and In Washington the President and Act-ing Secretnry ' of close or June, ana is now just elev-en men and women. On Tuesday the One furniture and equipment were moved out of Its offices; after midnight the unexpended remain-der of Its $500,000 appropriation re-verted to the government; and Chairman Wlckersham by that time was the only member left in the National Capital. Sticklers for exactness said the commission will not actually cease to exist until a final history of Its activities and expenditures Is writ-ten and Is accepted by President Hoover. In order to attain this end a temporary commission head-quarters has been established near the White House, equipped to ac-commodate only the chairman and a small staff. There the fifteenth report will be written. Here Is the commission's rec-ord: Ten reports have been deliv-ered to the government printer or deposited at the White House; four others, one of them the study of prohibition, bave been made public. Since midwinter the commission has completed reports upon the de-portation of aliens, "lawlessness In law enforcement." crime among the foreign born, Juvenile delinquency, the work of the police, prisons, pro-bation and parole, the costs and causes of crime and a "progress re-port" upon the work of the courts, to be carried on by private agen-cies. RAY LYMAN secre-tary of the Interi-or, before he be-came president of Leland Stanford university In 1910, had attained con-siderable fame as a physician and surgeon, and he demonstrated the other day that he. Premier Laval S''e castle were almost constantly at the American end of the trans-atlantic telephone line, coaching them and learning what progress they were making. At this writ-ing the progress, If any, Is small. Premier Laval, who was contin-ually receiving the advice and as-sistance of Fluance Minister Flan-di- n and others, stood firmly on the position he had assumed, and the senate, by a vote of 107 to S, backed him up, virtually giving him a free band so long as he did not recede. This huge vote did not indicate that the senate had con-fidence In Laval, however. He was attacked fiercely and Jeered, but tbe senators had to express their approval of the refusal to give In to President Hoover. Mr. Hoover then came to bat with a memorandum sent to Ambassador Edge for communication to the French government. This was In effect an ultimatum to France that unless she accepted the Hoover ' plan she was likely to be left out In the cold. The warning was con-veyed that If the President's proj-ect failed, Germany certainly would apply for a moratorium on repara-tions as provided by the Young plan, and this, Mr. Hoover figured, would cost France $100,000,000 more than would the Hoover mora-torium. Behind the polite phrases In the memorandum seemed to lie the Intimation that If France re-jected the Hoover plan, the admin-istration would establish a mora-torium on war debt payments and leave France out. '' ' ' J w 1 i, j, PRESIDENT to the federal farm board for a definite statement of its policy brought a response from the board, through Chairman James C Stone, in which Its policy as on March 23 Is virtually re- - has not lost nis Sec'y Wilbur surgical skill. While escorting Secretary and Mrs. Wilbur through Mesa Verde National park V. M. Delerchmun. president of a south-western Colorado transportation concern, fell suddenly ill and was taken to the park hospital. There Doctor Wilbur diagnosed his ali-ment as acute appendicitis and de-cided an Immediate operation was necessary. So he gnthered up the tools and, with the assistance of Dr. E E. Johnson of Cortez, he per-formed the operation which almost certainly saved Delerchman's life. Next day the patient's condition was so good that Secretary Wilbur resumed bis trip of Inspection of the park. MARRIAGE of divorced persons churches with use of the Bonk of Common Prayer Is favored In a revised pro-posal by a, commission of the gen-eral convention of the church. Last April the commission offered a plun to authorize Episcopal clergy mm to remarry divorced per-sons. That plan barred the use of church and the regular prayer book. The revised proposal would give clergymen the right to offic-iate. A minority report suggests marrlnge by a clergyman at his discretion If there already has been a civil marriage. Under the majority plan, one year must elapse after divorce be-fore permission to remarry may be filed. An ecclesiastical court, ap-pointed by the hlshop of the dio-cese, must then pass on the fitness of the persona to he married. The report will be submitted to the genernl convention of the church in Denver next September. IN A few dnys Secretnry of War Patrick J. Hurley will be on his way to our farthest possession, the Philippines, for an inspection tour of the Islimds. This Is because their administration fnlls under the Jurisdiction of the War depart-ment. While the official War department announcement ascribed the reason for the secretary's trip to a desire "to acqnnlnt himself more Intimate-ly with the details of Philippine problems," It was understood thnt Mr Hurley would study personally sentiment there for Independence In preparation for a movement in the next session of congress to free the Islands. MEANW H I L E Mus-solini put oyer what was consid-ered by some a "fast one." Ills government a n- -' nounced that the Hoover proposal, which had been ac-cepted uncondition-ally, was in opera-tion, so far as Italy stated, rieas rrora J. C. Stone the Middle West and Southwest that the board commit Itself to keep its Immense wheat holdings off the market, either for a stated period or under a fixed price level, are re-jected. One Important concession is made. The board agrees to limit sales of Its wheat to 5,000,000 bush-els a month, this limit to run on a cumulative basis, the unused por-tions of the quota to be good for succeeding months. But it ex-cepted from this limitation Impor-tant contracts with foreign pur-chasers now under consideration. To the problem of the wheat sur-plus there Is only one answer, and that is acreage reduction, the board declares. Hope was seen-fo- an Improved export market In smaller productions in other countries and In the prospect for better world conditions "that will be created by the President's debt plan." was concerned, on July 1. Italy's debt- - M. Flandln r nations, Ger-many, Austria, Hungary and Bul-garia, were notified that she was not collecting sums due from them on that date; and her creditors, England and the United States, were told she was putting aside the SENATOR Utah, chairman of the senate finance committee, has been in conference with the treasury authorities In Washington ; and he now says that under the provi-sions of the Haw-le-y -- Smoot tariff law with relation to the products of Senator Smoot convict, forced or S I SENATOR Fess of Ohio,, who Is a lending member of the senate commit-tee on Interstate commerce, predicts that railroad and transportation leg-islation of a com-prehensive charac-ter will be consid-ered during the k, s .wwasws.. U3aLJ sums she owes them, pending final decision. The State department In Wash-ington said the Hoover plan had been accepted by Belgium and Po-land, both allies of France and by Rumania, and In part by Greece and Jugo-Slavl- So France was i standing alone In opposition. It was believed In Paris that Premier Laval, after closing down parlia-ment, would call a conference of all nations signatory to the Young plan to obtain from them a release from the guarantee clause requir-ing her. In case of a moratorium, to place in the bank for Interna-tional settlements the sum of ap-proximately $120,000,000 to be ap-plied in part to Increasing pay-ments to be received by other cred-itors during the period of suspen-sion. VSTILEY POST and Hurold Gat-- ty. American aviators, set their monoplane, the Winnie Mae, down at Roosevelt field. New York, Wednesday evening. They had ac-complished the remarkable feat of flying around the globe, approxi-mately 15.475 miles. In 8 days 15 hours and 51 minutes, a new mark for other flyers to shoot at. They set out to break the record f 22 days made by the dirigible Graf Zeppelin, and they smashed it to bits. Great skill In piloting and navigating, unconquerable courage and nerve and a plane that functioned perfectly all contributed to the success of this epochal flight. The route followed by the flyers took them from New York to Har-bor Grace. N. F.; thence succes-sively to Chester, England; Ber--, Iln. Moscow, Novoslbersk, Irkutsk, Blagovyeshchensk, Khabarovsk, Sol-omon and then Fairbanks, Alaska; Edmonton, Canada; Cleveland, Ohio, and back to New York. They met with no serious accident but at times flew through high winds and rainstorms. New York city on Thursday gave the aviators the usual showy and noisy welcome, with parade, speeches and reception by Mayor Jimmle Walker. But they were too ' tired tojnlnd this much. President Hoover invited them to luncheon at the While House, and they received the congratulations of eminent per-son- s all over the world. It Is esti-mated that Post and Gatty will realize about $50,000 each from their wonderful flight and they eertnlnly earned It WHAT was the President's commission on law en-forcement and observance, better known as the Wlckersham commis-sion, went out of existence with the indentured labor, the Treasury de-partment will adopt, a policy of ex-cluding a large share of the prod-ucts of Russia. While this exclusion will not ap-ply to products of the soil, says Mr. Smoot, It will apply to Soviet products which are manufactured, rained or produced by means of forced labor of any kind, and which are competitive with products here. He mentions lumber and pulpwood especially as products which will be shut out. FOR the first time since the war the federal govern-ment began Its fiscal yeur on July 1 with an unbalanced budget The deficit Is almost $903,000,000. Handicapped by reduced reve-nues, the Treasury found Itself con-fronted with rising expenditures, due to the government's efforts to help the farmer, the unemployed and the drought sufferers. About the only favorable factor In the financial situation was a cash bal-ance of over $400,000,000 with which the treasury entered the new year. This will be used to meet current expenses during the first quarter Instead of being ap-plied to the deficit CENOR DON SALVADOR DE v--' Madarlaga, the new ambassador from Spain, presented his creden-tials to President Hoover with due ceremony, and the customary polite phrases were exchanged. Then the two distinguished men enjoyed an Informal chat, as both of them used to be mining engineers. Senor de Madarlaga Is a noted writer and In the past has criticised severely some of the policies of the United States in Latin-America- n affairs. lANY of America's most em!-neu- t Kurgeons gathered In San Francisco for the annual conven-tion of their association. Among the speakers were: Dr. Aiexsnder Primrose, Toronto, president; Dr. Lincoln Davis, Boston; Dr. Eugene next session of congress. He has Senator Fess studied these ques-tions closely for years, and prob-ably knows whnt he Is talking about. In his opinion, consolida-tion legislation will again be tak-en up, and laws for the regulation of 'the motor bus and tbe motor truck will he proposed. Mr. Fess foresees much difficulty In getting legislation enacted to meet the various transportation problems. This difficulty is much enhnneed. as he views It. by the competition between the railroads and other forms of transportation, on the one hand, he feels the country cannot get along without the railroads, but on the other, he Is convinced the public will not sanction any undue restriction of other forms of transportation. The Ohio senator Is an advocate of legislation to liberalize existing law with reference to railroad con-solidations. He sponsored. In the last congress, the Fess-Parke- r bill jo provide. In effect, for voluntary combinations. It Is Interesting to hear, from Senator Fess himself, that he prob-ably will remain chairman of the Republican national committee for another year, despite frequent ru-mors thnt he would retire or he displaced. He called on President Hoover the other day and after-ward said: "It appenrs now that I Hill serve until convention time next year." However, he insisted he had not discussed the matter ; with the President. ! ((Q llt. Wtrn N(irrtper Holea.) Tioy Bits There Is tbe story of the train thai hit the midget automobile and then hnd to stop to let the en-gineer have It taken out of his ejw New York Post |