Show home go m e cour course s e in live stock farming ill live stock farming fanning and soil sod fertility by C V GR GREGORY EGOnY author of home course in modern agriculture making Makin ff money on an the farm etc copyright 1509 1909 by american press pres As association grain erain is grown W continuously continuous 13 fol foi ii a number of the soil decreases deci eases ig 11 yielding power it the be practice is kept lip the life yields mill finall become so low is as to be unprofitable and the be laud land Is said bald to be norn mord out the fact is it Is not of worn art out ani more thin linn a sickle is worn 0 out ut m aheu hen it becomes too dull to cut both the tickle sickle and the soil need a certain amount ot of treatment before they ale aie in shape to use again in III the case ot of the soil nature will restore it to its ori gulit productivity f 4 4 1 41 p 1 1 11 4 j 1 4 7 I 1 4 FN A arg V T ROW HOV TS WASTED it if alwa time crops of weeds will frill og rp cp make a considerable growth sod 12 di le die e down downend tot in the course or of a few years the humus supply viii be renewed locked up elements of st fe will become available and the ig fild ld will again produce profitable table crops craps it if rotation es cs practiced so as to v ea en up op the de demands deladd maDd on the soil with clover or some other legume to gather nitrogen biota the air the soil will continue products product pro ducth li e lor for a much longer time even then it will not keep keel on fielding profitable crops always corn com meceal mf caal may help to stave off the day ot of reckoning but alter after the laitner has contributed hundreds of dollars to the of the fertilizer he be will find bat talat even this thib method of maintaining fert fertility liLt cannot be depended upon keeping the soil productive there are three factors on which ithe hie of the soil primarily maLIlY depends the amount of 0 available miu eral plant food elements ole ments which it contains bains its physical condition aud and the amount of moisture it m willibold ill ibold nt M trogen one of the important chemical elements in the ou boll can call be aiom the air in unlimited bv the use of legumes legume such as ae clover and alfalfa the other amo no phosphorus and aud potassium me ase plesent in moist bolls in ili fairly large quantities although much of the supply Is in term good tillage and well planned rotations do much to wake malic el elemente e available s be w when I 1 ti tte total otal supply becomes low it can be renewed by the application of fertilizers thib je all ajl bowe boi that fer will 0 do o they will not improve the condition of the soil nor cor its moisture mois tuie holding capacio capaci lj 3 the use of liberal amounts of at closer in the rotation will add to the humus supply of the soil and aad so increase its moisture holding capacity capaci tl humus acts like a sponge forming a store house bouse fol foi water that donld otherwise be wasted lasted humus also albo s the physical physic dl condition of the soil sell biking u ailing jt A lighted and mellows a pan jul of oil cliv and a of black surface boil wit alit thain and them in ili the iun i un N hen the ilie cla cia bi 1 do it will mill IK alet as haul haid an i I 1 I 1 i little mill ill male the biti dirt is mellow ib ab bici iu I 1 hh dif different ferenc in ili the N thomous 0 solla h I 1 due us goldir to humus ube ilie humus cannot be mim talked by the uw use of clover aules j a crop is plowed under it frequent intervals it tikes considerable time for tins this clover to rot enough to form lumus ird the turning under ot of so large an iino of green twitter mitter at once is liable to mike the lind I 1 our this condition cin can be corrected by the use of time lime but tills this meting means double and expense the value of cf manure the on wiy to keep keel tile the soil in the highest state of productivity fb i to keep heep ih laic tock toch and appl the manure to the laud barnyard Bir nyard manure adds large amounts amot 1 ats of the elements of fertility to the sori soil an average of 60 80 per er cent nt of the nitrogen pho ibo and potassium in the be food catch is passed out olt in the manure this per li Is highest in fattening animals slid lowest in young stock the ele cents e n s of fertility removed when grain in attl is s s sold us as computed milb those demov ed by live steel stocal are strikingly shown ID the foll following oming table the prices of the be elements elemenia are figured nt at th if amate matt rate that would hive have to be paid it thy were purchased in the form of comm erlat ube imite ot of one acre is given in each ease case value of the nitrogen pho a kind of crop photus and a loin coin slum el um 0 grain rain 6 5 bushels yu 6 vitomir fit tale OMir 1 two tons it total 1 a oats grain vo oo bushels 34 ta 4 straw ll 11 14 tons 4 n total po HO 3 cheat heat grain A Z bushels ts 51 1 straw W I 1 ton 2 v L total si s 1 2 ions n s 3 1 10 0 14 potatoes 3 u chels 1 11 4 11 1 fat cattle e 1 1000 OW p pounds j on os 4 fat hogs 1000 pounds I 1 milk 1000 pounds 1011 I 1 butter 00 pounds 11 this table shows at a glance the giedt economy considered ficini a fer tilita standpoint ot of marketing grain in the form ot of ili gnp stock adding fet fei materials to the soil hotter ei is only one ol of the was in which ina nuie is beuc Bual it helps to bleak down domn the unavailable minerals it adds humus and this is of a kind that thai mixes readily with the boil ihus the physical condition and water holdin holding capacity of the oil are improved even more than where clovea is in of plowing under lover clover it tan can be fed fd ibe hie resulting manure will mill d do 0 the soil almost is much good as the closer would it if turned t under inder thus ibus both the feeding and fe fertilizing fertilising r if lising values are obtained aiom it by using a regular loti tion with clover and feeding all the tough lough feed and most of the grain on the farm the soil hoil can be brought bi ought up to a very high state of and kept there for an indefinite period of 0 time in an experiment at the ohio esperi meat station where manure was ap plied every three years to a tion of corn wheat and clover at the rate vt of eight tons to the acre the ai average increase in bield beld n was as bushels of corn bushels of wheat and csc pounds of clover the value of the increased yields due to the eight tons ot of manure was 17 1732 32 or 2 17 per ton for the manure ids ibis nas mas tot foi manure that was obtained in thip the open sard manure had bad been tramped down in sheds abele it was under shelter had a value ot of 2 95 per ton in in increase reas ed crop yields the results obtained on a 9 little rundown farm in pennsylvania strikingly show what can be done with wilb manure this farm farinas mas nas so badly exhausted that it would mould produce scarcely adv anything Da dairying irving was introduced and the manure applied to the land after a few years of such treatment and without the addition ol of any commercial cis fertilizers mh nhat ateser eier the prod prodoc lie of the farm was so greatly in creased that an annual revenue ot to the acre was received from it the effect of manure continues for a great many years after its applies tion experiments with and unman an tired lind have shown that the bield in the plots plot was con sider ably greater twenty years after the last application of manure was NN as made applying manure manu the bet best insults are obtained b hoi a eer when manure anure is applied tre fre quentin aul and in ili small anoulik the ordinia ordin tn field crops an application of eight ton tons to the acre is at one time ro io get the required amount on each acte acie and to get it applied eve evenly till I 1 1 spreader it a necessity icv Manu manure spread evenly over the ground i much more affective that thrown about in large chunks as is fig 31 usually qually done with a pi pitchfork still worse is the be ties tice of dropping drop pinc the minute in pile leading it kneoll in aih all liter and tip t aa L to VI PILES IN OPEN YARD toward pring ir iiii altering ait ering it eliout etli a fork in dalion dl ion to breading prea ding the moie ehlt the spread ei saves enough to lar arraet raut am adi one 0 ne who has much stock in ID buying on one the spreader spi eauer eader should be kept in use practically the year round manure left iu in the open yard for sis sir idies near nearh half it its fertilizing value I 1 mancie kept bupt in sheds does not lose in aralue nearly izo 0 o rapidly A practice 4 that 1 is sometimes followed ou on dalry dairy I 1 farms Is s to lilie hue a I 1 shed in connection nith t the h e birn keep keeping 1 rig the cows in b tied shed most of the time turning theno them into I 1 the he barn onia ocl long enough to be milked A plan ali tint it Is s preferable to this Is to hue a small shed over the be door v n here the manure is thrown out I 1 he spreader spread ir cin cia be backed into this thia shod bed ind the loaded directly on to it of at sel belsons sons of the bear ear when ligoure can an lie be spread directly upon the he I 1 fields elir 1 t other times the manure an be t e thrown out into the shed and left there until it clu be hauled |