Show N 1 4 ftc 1 q t A e n r N F V nj iisak ya fal ol 01 J ali t 7 egatz aan logan canyon the loose incoherent debris filling these valleys had its source in the cannons the rock material in logan canyon is wholly sedimentary that is no volcanic ole anic lock granite porphyry or basalt aie present the rock is made up v holly of sandstones and lime stones the major portion being limestone glacial history during the lake Bon bonneville noille period the clini clinnie ate of the area vas so changed tint that the rainfall was nas materially increased the tern tem pera ture was nas lowered and the ippei canyons developed alpine glaciers it is a known that there were mere at least eleven clenen glaciers feeding into the naters aters of logan canyon these na aried in length from two to six si miles during this period there times when the stream was nas greatly swollen and the can canyon on was nas gouged and eroded extensive extensively much of the coarse debus brought down buting this p period was deposited on the margin of the lake at the mouth of the canyon c in it is shown that the lake at one time extended four miles back from the mouth of the cannon at this stage the lake deceived an outlet to the coith and the water vater was mas lowered at a comparatively rapid rate from above aboe to feet the level of the outlet during this period the cicat mass of debus which had accumulated in the canyon was mas moved and scattered on the edge of the lake on the cicat delta on which the utah I 1 agricultural college is now built tie the glacial glacel history is written with mith plain marking the debris shows distinctly there were ano two glacial periods separated by a long interval of time the moi nines are left as piles of material as much as feet in height at tile the white pine canyon the glacier crossed the present position of the logan river and a nil ml moraine deposited east cast of the river rier east cast of the pres present crit wagon roid road the pie ent dugway along which the grael travel goes goca through the canyon cannon pisses passes along the edge of the moraine sixty or seventy feet in lie height 1 to the geologist the canyon cannon is interesting I 1 te because the gibat ghigu sawed across the synclinal structure has exposed the rock from gamblian Camb lian iian to and the great mia ledges which project along the cannon canavon in the vicinity ity of the fish hatchery gic as good a 1 section as can be obtained of the mississippian outcrop water tile the can canyon on furnishes a water mater supply the stream has a total drainage area of approximately square miles and the bo whole acca ins his a rainfall of IG 10 to 25 inches annually the measurements ants in the stream show its minimum flow to have hae been ISO second feet ed aid ar d a maximum flow of 1800 see second feet the total amount of gatei flo flowing Ning out of logan rier has a mean annual 1 supply ly of acre feet the stream is lined a number of unusual springs tile the from which logan city gets its water sup ply results aiom a great plunging truncated syncline sin cline in which the water is gathered underground at a width 0 of f more than nine miles east cast and wc ca it and at a length of 12 or 11 miles north and south the canyon having cut across the structure allows the continued on page 2 word picture logan canyon continued front from rage page 1 water from this great underground drainage Ira inage bisin basin to issue to the surface fac in the b bottom in a of t the he can cannon y on this type of spring sp always nal produces cold vater the lowest point in the Nv waters aters meandering is at the point of assue the water flows from the spring pring at a temperature of 44 degrees I 1 I 1 fahrenheit ahren heit the water is absolutely pure except for the very small quantity of lime it might contain the s spring has little fluctuation and flows flow the entire n tire ae ear ar with but little oscillation many of the great ledges of limestone show small fissures and the water percolating along the fissures fias urea his has a I 1 tendency to dissolve out a larger channel such type of springs are arc known is as tubular springs examples example of this ire are the springs at logan cave c ve and at ricks kicks spring the water in logan cave has dissolved out great quantities of limestone the cavern will permit of walking val king back into the mountain more than 2000 feet the cave is 13 almost vertical and in places the height seems to be thirty forty and evert even fifty feet in pl alices ices the surface is covered with beautiful stalagmite and stalactite formations the tha viator vater issuing from the spring is cold hiving having t I 1 temperature of from 44 to ag degrees this cave is a novelty which should be of interest to everyone if it were nere lit ht up by electricity as is the gos cave it would be a great dianing dia ving card to all those passing through the mouth of the cave is scarcely more than feet above the road picks nicks spring twenty five miles up the canyon issues along a fisser fis suri in limestone from a 1 beautifully forina cavern at its mouth the water is very cold usually never waimir than ban 40 46 degrees fahrenheit the flow has a high fluctuation estimated to flow at times as much as second feet and it has been known to be dry at other times there has been much conjecture as a to the source of water in these deep tubular springs the source ls is ably away a ay back on the high plate tug at the head of the canyon cannon before passing over to beir bear lake is a novel allea when kiev cd from the standpoint of its origin it may represent the intake of the springs below tile the valley extends extend many miles coith and south the valley has a general depth of to 1000 feet and has been wholly developed from erosion into t 0 s sink ink holes there is no dr ain ige from the valley the porous parous pure limestone is 13 so diroa di ched ea as to take the drainage in the boier spots and the debris which has disappeared his has probably pro bibly gone into solution for the most pirt part and has been carried away anay through the underground channels there are many springs of unusual interest which would take too much space to describe here the 1 he whole na hole area is within the bounds of the cache national forest under the forest supervision the area has ha been changed from 1 I 1 dusty overgrazed over grazed area in 1901 to an economic and attractive area under the present arrangement ran gement carrying approximately cattle and horses and sheep each grazing season summer resorts Ke sorts logan canon on differs from most of the canyons of the wasatch itch in thit that the bottom of the canyon cannon is always green and covered with vegetation tation the hird hard and soil layers through which the water has bar been cutting has developed into numerous attractive cirques cinques and fl ts la admirably adapted for camping vegetation itself is attracts attractive e conifers ale aie abundant consisting mostly of douglas fir englemann spruce lodgepole pine and tir lir balsam lumber pine is found in small quantities great areas are covered with aspen willow aider and birch hawthorne occupies an important place along the hard maple occupies the higher slopes along the canyon can on while juniper covets the dry ridges especially on the slopes facing the sun the greit great queen juniper which has conic come nto into I 1 society only in the later years lears of I 1 its ts life ire seems to be old enough and large enough to have mothered the rest logan river has always been a goo cooj fishing stream the water contains contain in an abundance of fish food lin many a ny times more than is necessity essaiy to supply the fisli fish it now contains the is being re rc stocked each year so that fishing at present icenia to be comparable with inith what nhat it was as twenty lears ago the lower twenty miles of the canyon boinis a game preserve on which the he carrying of firearms is unlawful under this restriction game is deel aping rapidly the elk that were are brought in in 1916 have flourished until it is estimated that there axe aie or it it present deer are arc abundant it is not unusual to sec sea deal by ay iy the side of the load as one tramps up and down the ro roid id early in the morning or late in the evening blue giouse and ruffle giouse are arc abundant anese features all ridd add to the attractiveness tr activeness of the canavon for chini met mei homes the attractive spots neatest the road lie aie reserved for the trave revelers a rs and transient tran transi sint rit campers through the area permanent leides fol 01 home building are granted only on ground the liver from the regular tibel mountain cabins and several palatial han live abeen been erected along the canyon during the summer months the first W twelve el c miles of the canyon could boast quite a population where fishing fi hinR climbing and cool sleeping are always a s the program sixty sitty permits have lave ben granted for homes there is a splendid road built through the canion to bear lake the road is nide enough to pass pas cars at point all things considered logan canion is 13 tin most attract attractive ic canyon in the state the coolest the cleanest and the most restful there is so much room loom that it is never crowded the step sides the perpendicular ledges the gieir gie n groves the abundance of and the clean inspiring wholesome surroundings with nith its interest makes it a most area foi a vacation f |