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Show lEM,or-Mdde deafer for Homes N'aw'tiri':Actfality Slight Change Converts Heating Plant From One-Season Affair Into Year-Round Air Conditioning System. point, the condition la called fever. ; Why aren't wt always "burning op In a feverr For, of course, we generate gen-erate fnr mora beat than Is required for the work we do' and to keep tbe body at It normal temperature. Tbe reason Is that tbe human body has i the remarkable faculty of controlling ; Its own temperature, just as a thermostat thermo-stat automatically controls the temperature tem-perature of bouse, school or other building. Body Throws Off Heat Thermostats are Instruments placed on the walls of rooms, eacfi one so adjusted that, when the temperature falls to a certain point, an electric current Is sent to a motor down in the basement. This then operates a simple mechanism to open the draft door of the beating plant When the temperature of the room upstairs gets back to tbe required point tbe mechanism mech-anism shuts off the draft In closely similar manner, tbe Holland Institute of Thermology explains, the body controls con-trols its own temperature. This la done through four safety valves. One of these is radiation. The body Just throws off Its excessive beat to sarroundlng objects. But during extreme ex-treme hot weather, this safety valve wont work. For then the surround- of them. All present-day air conditioning condi-tioning engineering, the Holland Institute In-stitute of Thermology states, is based on these facts of physiology. Moving Air Brings Coolness. In fact one of the basic principles of this branch of science, as given In the engineers' "Quids Book" Is that "Air motion makes any moderate condition feel cooler." One of tbe technical men who aided in the twelve years of research that ascertained these facts put It this way : "Air mo tion exerts a cooling effect on the human body in , atmospheres where the temperature Is less than that of the body." Tills principle Is applied In tunny Industrial plants to improve working conditions. In two English tlnplate factories through which the air was driven at moderate velocity, the pro ductlon during hot weather was found to be 12 per cent higher than In two other similar mills that were unventilated. On Atlantic liners, the temperature in engine rooms bas ae-tuallg ae-tuallg been reduced from 190 to 70 degrees by means of air motion. Similar effects have been obtained la American Industries. Forced air blasts have been introduced to blow air over tbe heads of tbe workers. I ' j Here's How Much Heat !! Your Body Generates I j From a Single Dinner ? j "Blame that unfortunate hab j ii it of eating, and not only the S weather, for tbe discomfort you j ii feel In summer I" says the Ilol- i land Institute of Thermology of j ii Holland, Mich. ; ' Ii Gating Is like fueling a beat ) " Ing- plant Heat Is generated !! In both cases. But the heut )', .: j values of foods and of fuels j ii are "..measured, .. by different n standards. The calory Is the 'jj ii heal unit for foods. The Brit 1 1 Ish Thermal Unit is the mens jj ii ure which heating engineers ap- " jj ply" to fuels. Thus, ono cubic jj " foot of manufactured gas con j j tains 550 R T. U.'s, and one , , 11 pound of coal from 0,000 to lu, jj ,'. 000 B. T. ITs. , 1 1 jj Here Is a typical hot weather jj ii dinner '. menu, showing the ii J j amount of beat It generates in J j ; 1 1 the body: i ; j ! Calories j 1 1 Cold boiled ham 200 h jj Esoal loped potatoes 100 jj Vegetable salad (tomato, j jj cucumber, lettuce, with jj j 1 " french dressing 200 j j Ii Roll and butter ' ' 200 ,, j j lee eream . .'; s J00 j j . ii Fretted cake 200., n j j Black coffee with sugar 100 j j jj : 1,300 Jj 11 One calory equals nearly four 1 1 j j B. T. U.'s. So 1.300 calories is j j j equivalent to tbe beat that j j 1 1 would result from burning more 1 1 j j than nine cubic feet of gas j j . ii Tbls illustrates why, as tbe Hoi u ' jj land Institute of Thermology jj 1 1 explains, excessive heat must j be carried away if the body- X t n temperature is not to work up J j j to fever pitch in hot weather. 2 log objects are Just as warm as tbe body Itself; so they cant absorb any of its beat. Conduction Is the second, sec-ond, but least Important, Impor-tant, outlet for excessive exces-sive beat Conducted beat is the kind that passes from one thing to another by direct contact, Just as electricity elec-tricity Is conducted along a copper wire. Conducted heat Is a small factor In air conditioning con-ditioning engineering because ordinarily only l small part of our body surfaces Just the soles of our feet when we stand are In contact con-tact with other objects or substances. Heat Carried Off by Air. But one of the most Important safety valves VA iwcooiforat Tvy Yp ., jfaXNm TOsOMk.,, ' f - fi Electrified Propeller Unit 8pda the Velocity of Air Through Heating Plant to Produce Summer Cooling Cool-ing and Enhance Winter Heating. , When the heat wave is at its hottest, hot-test, when the baby's skin is red with rash and its atom-- atom-- ach 1 upset, when grandmother and : grandfather are gasping for breath with high blood . pressure and rapid pulses, and when Is the third, convection. Converted host is Conveyed by the atmosphere. If the air is cooler than your body, it brushes some of the heat off your body and carries It away. But if the air is warmer than your body, it carries beat to you and helps to warm you. If body temperature and air temperature are the same, there is no heat exchange ex-change between them. So there are conditions in which these three safety valves can't operate to release the execesslve beat generated in the body. These are the extreme summer - conditions which we coll "stifling" and "sweltering," when ali the objects surrounding the body aro too warm to absorb Its radiant heat and the air Is too warm to convey any of its heat away. What con happen to serve as an emergency valve T As matter of fact, what does bap-pen bap-pen The body perspires, and the sweat is evaporated. Now, one of the baste principles of physics Is that evaporation causes coolness. So perspiration per-spiration really is one of the Important Im-portant heat regulating functions of the body. It is one of the most efficient ef-ficient safety valves for the escape of excessive warmth. Anything that promotes the evaporation of perspiration perspira-tion Is a great aid to comfort Humidity Important Factor. Of course, the relative humidity of . the air has much to do with this. When the relative humidity is high, when the weather is "muggy" as well at warm, that we complain, "It Isn't the heat; tt's the humidity," the air contains so much moisture obtained from other sources that It can't ab- 1. n. .. .1. f HAM. : tvery bour that mother must spend In the kitchen seems a torment don't Just curse the went her man, advises the .Holland Institute of Tharmology of Holland, Mich. Potential Po-tential relief waits In the basement of nearly every borne, ready to spread the comfort' of coolness. " For, Just as' modern air conditioning condition-ing science has made It possible to keep the movie theater "70 degrees ' cool" while the temperature out doors is above 00, so it is possible to keep the dwelling bouse a. refuge from outdoors heat during the hot- ; test weeks of summer. Only, whereas the cooling of pub- : tic buildings and other big struc- . tures requires complicated and expensive ex-pensive machinery, home cooling can be accomplished at a minimum of expense ex-pense wltb slight changes In the same " equipment that supplies heat in win ;.; tcr. .' To understand why this is so, the engineers of the Institute of Ther- . mology explain,- it Is necessary to : know something about how excessive heat gets into the human body and the body gets rid of It Human Body Like Furnace. In the first place, the body is just tike a furnace. Eating is Just like burning up fuel The food is oxidised oxi-dised in the body tissues, producing energy. .. ' But the body ia like an engine, too. Just as the boiler and pistons of a locomotive convert heat energy . Into Such a system greatly lowered the temperature and Improved the summer-time efficiency in a tube plant In Pittsburgh. Its use also has been effectual ef-fectual In overcoming adverse heat conditions in bottle works and tin-plate tin-plate factories. v ; Heating System Used for Coojtng. If mere air motion proves auch a mighty comfort producer in industrial industri-al buildings, why cant It also be used for the same purpose in homes t It can, the engineers of the Holland Institute reply; and that is precisely what has been done by tbe leaders of the worm air heating industry. They have converted the borne heating heat-ing system from a one-season affair into an all-year-round air conditioning condition-ing system, which circulates cooling breeses through the home during summer as well " as currents - of warmth In the winter. Taking the modern "vaporalre" heating system as tbe basis of their operations, these air conditioning experts ex-perts built into It a noiseless electrified electri-fied propeller unit, of which the function func-tion Is to speed "P the circulation of air through the home to a much higher velocity than the ordinary warm air circulating plant maintains. These propellers can be run tn summer as well as In winter. During Dur-ing hot weather they keep up a steady motion of air. through the room between the grille which In winter Is used to Introduce warm air and the ventilating grille which Is used In cold weather to draw cool air down to the central hentlng plant This means that In every room there Is a spot of maximum comfort near the grille. But the velocity of (he air aa discharged through this opening carrrles . clear across . the room until It is finally drawn down to the basement through the ventilating ventilat-ing grille. ' In winter, too, these propeller units maintain a high velocity of warm air. This Improves circulation, shortens the time needed to warm up tbe house on cold mornings, makes It possible to heat even the rooms farthest from the central beating plant and promotes pro-motes heating efficiency. It eliminates elim-inates the costly necessity of "forcing" "forc-ing" tbe heating plant and decreases heat losses from the beater and its pipes into tbe basement . Two types of "vaporalre" systems that contribute summer coolness and winter warmth to tbe home have been devised, tbe Holland Institute of Thermology reports. One is a complete system intended to be installed in-stalled In new homes or in others where the heating equipment is obsolete. obso-lete. Bnt also the propeller units can be added to already Installed warm air circulating plants If tbey are tn good condition.- This Is a simple and Inexpensive remodeling operation. And furthermore, engineering tests have established that the cost of operating op-erating either system for cooling in bot weather Is loss than a cent an hour. sorb much bent from the skin. That's the condition when the humidity is high and the air Is stagnant But suppose that the air isn't stagnant, stag-nant, but Is moving past and around the body with a lively velocity. ve-locity. Whenever a particle of moisture is taken from the body, It will be borne away quickly and more air will come along to repeat re-peat the process. So the air's movement will give us relief by increasing in-creasing evaporation. Air motion, moreover, more-over, Is tbe chief thing In Ancient Days the Punkah Cave Relief From the 5 ,; Heat -v.. mechanical energy to keep tbe wheels going round, so tbe body converts part of the energy In Its food into : muscular energy for the performance ':", of work. ' ' Most of os, though, dont turn all , the heat energy of the food we eat Into muscular energy consumed in exertion. Much of it remains In the form of heat Physiology tells us that tbe internal temperature of the healthy body Is 08.6 degrees. When, for any reason,- It gets above that that aids convection. Of course, when the air Is hot and moving rapidly. It conveys beat to the body rather than from it : But conditions se'dom are so severe that this occurs. Usually, air motion, with a temperature even slightly below that of tke body, is helpful. So we see that radiation, convection convec-tion and evaporation are the body's three great safety valves, that conduction con-duction is a minor one, and that air motion is a factor that Influences two |