Show z g M arl N 0 7 n ah view of londonderry north ireland prepa prepared r ed by the national geographic society Washl neton D C north coast shared by IRELANDS counties belonging to tile state of northern ireland and by territory of the irish free state Is a picturesque tur esque portion of the emerald isle parts of the region have been bones of contention between the two states and tile the former ulster counties of Mono ghon donegal and cavan caan have been added to tho the free state ulster in the northeastern corner of the island atri ts Is in tile the odd position or of being a part of ireland which Is in large part not irish three hundred years ago the british klag james 1 I with tile the desire to anglicize a part of ireland decided to plant a colony of df R english and scotch what Is h known as tile the ulster plantation followed the original plan of the king was 0 o have english settlers domin dominant tint in ulster but he also permitted tile the scotch to participate english settlers wore were not easily interested however while tile the scotch locked flocked in linking the plantation dominantly scottish Scout sh by IWO 1000 the population of ulster con bisted of some inhabitants of scotch blood of E english ances try and irish altogether baly about scotsmen moved to ulster the english were soon merged with the scotch but the irish and scotch strains remained a almost most entirely independent ulster differs economically from the rest of ireland either the scotch im migrants mignon ts had find a greater propensity siti toward industry or their economic conditions were more favorable at tiny rate ulster his has become the marked industrial region of ireland while tile lie remainder of tile lie country s save ave in tile the larger cities has not followed this line of development there Is a religious dIffer difference elice too between north and south ireland ireland including ulster was cath olle tile the scotch immigrants brought brou slit their presbyterian religion with them and it beci became inie firmly dimly rooted the eng government favored the estah lashed church of england and this Is also strong in ulster the presbyter tans inns end the episcopalians Episcopal ians combined today up tip the scale tn in ulster to the title of protestantism but the margin is not great along the border the present border between the irish free state and the state of northern ireland created in 1020 and 1921 extends through a rather rough country dundalk dundale on the east coast Is just south bouth of tile the line near this city Is 18 one of the passes through the hills used since eari lest times in ireland and because of this situation neighborhood has beon been tile th scene of numerous battles further farther west the boundary touches the long deep valley in which lies lough erne the longest and the second largest lake in ireland the islands target largest lake lough lengh lies in the heart of ulster east of belfast formerly ulster consisted of the northern tier of counties from coast to to coast when the two self governing states were formed however donegal denegal largest of the ulster counties occupy ing the northwestern corner comer of ireland was attached to the free state the boundary of the state of northern ire land therefore does not now reach the atlantic but turns at its southwestern corner a few miles short of the coast and runs rung northeast northeastward word between don egal on the westland west and Fer managh ty rone and londonderry on the east to lough foyle an inlet at the very top of the island the state of northern ireland therefore occupies only a small segment in the northeastern cor ner of ireland readjustment of the boundary in as diled desired by the he free state would concentrate the northern divi slon mon still closer into the northeast corner though jn territory the state of northern trela ireland ild tins has a concentrate concen trat ed cd population its area Is less than one sixth that of treland but it con bains more than a quarter of tile the Is lands inhabitants donegal warmed by gulf stream although in the same latitude as northern labrador donegal tile north west county of the free state enjoys tile the temperate tum climate of virginin virginia this freedom from severe cold done gal owes to one of the pleasant little pranks of the gulf stream which washes its rocky coast aud and sends warm winds although slightly smaller than dela ware donegal was in ancient times the kingdom of the clan odonnell scattered throughout the county are many mally interesting ruined mined castles of tile the days of the irish kinks kings and later laler glea iv with ath the dories danes and tile tho english parts ot of the were not buted huttt years of queen the county Is a land of wild i noun talus and lakes less than half of the surface being under cultivation its ita streams are noted for salmon and trout fishing tile the coast Is rocky rock and an d in dented bold headlands jutting out into the sea gen though boosting boasting nearly miles of coast line there are no good harbors from KIlly killybegs begs in the south to lough in the borth rye nye oats and potatoes are tile the chief crops of the valley forms farms in done gal cottages are woven some of the tha homespun tweeds for which ireland L la famous attempts have been made in recent years to give impetus to the fishing industry along the coast fishermen still use the ancient coracle or skin boat without keel or rudder they are ara easily handled in fine weather but become extremely dangerous when surf pounds against the rocks these primitive boats probably represent the next step in navigation after the raft and lieve not changed during many centuries of use ose now one seaworthy fishing craft are being introduced on oil the north shore of donegal are several modern summer resorts with luxurious hotels frequented by irish and R english holiday makers because of the excellent golf and sea bathing to be had bad there two of tile best known of these gathering places are and portsalon Port salon further south bundoran Bun doran with its scarred and beaten cliffs offers a splendid view of the sea here three galleons gal leons of the spanish armada stag staggering gerling homeward hn from tile the famous defeat 1 in the english channel were washed ashore in a storm and completely wrecked only a few antique cannon and anchors were recovered when phillp philip of spain learned of the destruction of hl his supposedly invincible flet fleet he is said to have love philosophically remarked mai iced hat tant lie he had sent them against the english riot not the lie elements seat of the ODon nells donegal to town wn from the dawn of history has ha been the seat of the odonnell family their ruined castle whose shell shelf has been remarkably well preserved pie served Is still the most interesting sight of the countryside it remained remayne in n the hands of the ODonnell fi until tile the days of charles I 1 when their line ran out anti and tile the castle passed to sir basil brooke an english catholic supporter of the king donegal town Is now chiefly noted for the irish tweeds and soft steamer rugs which it exports inhabitants of county donegal ara are noted for their courtesy and quick intelligence telli gence gerim though the district Is poor hospitality Is universal and beggars are rare country cu customs storus hark back to ancient times it Is a common sight eight to see women riding pillion fashion on horseback behind the men and bare feet are not unusual though lying in the far northwest donegal forms a part of the free state its population being largely of celtic origin the united states has haa more than an academic interest in all that affects ireland two of the most important streams of immigration that have reached america came caine from the island one the so called scotch irish arm ulster the other the irish from south of 0 the ulster line the scotch irish early felt tho the weight of repressive english laws both in the religious and economic fields they began emigrating to Ani america erica in targe large numbers during i the latter part of the Elgh eighteenth eighteen teen th century and it ls la estimated that they made up one sixth of all the colonists by the time of the ahe american revolution they were prominent in that struggle and later inter became the frontiersmen tiers men playing an important part in winning the middle west and the wast the main stream of immigration from southern ireland took place in the nineteenth century tile the genius of the newcomers for foil politics has haa made itself felt in lor for te ie and national governments |