Show south american jungles throb with new rubber boom scientific methods are used to protect native harvesters biggest problem as revived reviled in neighboring tropics transportation old industry countries lack rails and roads V U S grows crows rubber in miami of 1943 latin america will have contributed in this crucial year united states rubber to the more than tons of natural stockpile according to as estimates t injates compiled from war industry south of the in 1944 natural rubber production official sources exceed tons at rio grande will 11 have doubled or perhaps aize horticulturists announced success in grov growing g U S the same time F fla station at miami a the hevea bevan rubber tree free in iq the experimental trinidad republics besides british guiana and american fourteen un united cited states calling for with the agreements ida dhave have signed of natural and collection the cultivation in substantial increase a costa rica colombia I 1 brazil rubber these thes Z nations are bolivia haiti honduras mexico nicaragua guatemala ecuador el salvador panama peru and venezuela in brazil alone about 50 workers have been recruited for the purpose of extracting th the from wild rubber trees in order to get natural 7 rubber abber on out of f trackless jungles and remote oe places new transport transportation aaion 15 systems yate making use of don donkeys k ays eys cat cates canoes es steam steamboats ats airplanes human ca carriers r etc have been organize organized d medical stations al along off the eon routes t es b have v e lessere lessened daich b but enot not eliminated eliminate d the her hazards ards which threaten every man who works in the jungles jungle th the n natural rubb rubber er needed beede d by unit united ed states is tanks k s airplanes 1 s e jeeps artillery etc mut b be e extracted from wild and cultivated trees scattered over an tor area encompassing enc c om hundreds of thousands of sq square miles u in order to protect rubber har bar vesters against fe fers fees rs animals and insects the latin american m stafean coun un tries aided by unit united e d states g government health offic officials als have created modern modem sanitary I enters centers where preventive medicine I 1 is 11 taught an and d be treat at me ment given give to rubber collectors and their fm families iss 0 once aei rubber center brazil forests of course yield most of this hemispheres hemisphere s present supply of natural rubber there in the amadon anne valley natives first found the gummy substance that plays such an important part in modern war before seedlings of hevea had been exported from brazil and exploited commercially in the 11 dutch lut h E east indies and the british malay straits se settlements emonts the brazilian industry enjo enjoyed eda a heyday in order to in market ke their natural rubber bra brazilian brai i promotes promoters had limit built the costliest cost liest railroad in the world W when rubber r henf was a brazilian mo monopoly noply it fetched as high as three dollars per pound ho however ever not even in its ba balmy on Y we d days ova did brazil produce as much rubber 42 tons as it is con in 1943 to a united no na it eions is victo victory ry according to the coordinator ordin time of brazilian economy J joao alberto lins de bar barros brazil in 1943 will produce 45 tons of natural rubber end and 1944 a estimates call for 7 75 5 t tons 1 the future holds held even coca greater pi promise cause for rubber from south Ante americas ricas largest country that I 1 is s because commercial plantations plantation s similar to those in the orient are well on an their way to production and it is anticipated that by 1945 these plant plantations a tows will yield more rubb rubber r than t the he millions of wild rubber tre trees 3 in the amazon valley produce reemt at present some brazilian rubber is trans P ported arted by airplane from jungle d depots P to the atlantic port rt of belem whence it is shipped northward with the exception of eight or ten thousand tons which brazil raid requires for domestic industry industry the entire production is exported it to the united states among south american m rubber P producing inducing nations ecuador cuador ranks second T the figur figures of 1942 production duite b have ve not net ci been announced but in 1941 41 when brazil produced 1750 17 tons ecuador yie yielded idi ed 1500 tons indians indiana want beads the yum yumbo bo indians a source of rubber robbe wm workers kers in the ecuadorian forest or are not net attracted ard by money in any form on t the other hand they covet colored b beads so its and machetes the E ecuadorian Ecuador c dein d ean ein development corporation und understands er stands native tastes and is now supplying appl y n g the gumbos with trinkets and useful f W 1 ar r tides tele s like scissors r razors re salt it mir r rora and even rifles Colow colombian bum forests are Tal ready yielding siding two wo tons of rubber liber daily au U craned trans shipped by t the he same ar air planes place which supply u aply the file workers worker with their needs in C colombia db I 1 a abb rubber or exploitation 1 is I 1 supervised up e r by Y a committee attee no made ads up p of representatives ep e se nt Fit of the col colom bom bian government vc r Z in ent the he united d slates ema embassy and athe the rubber reserve serve corporation tic A service of bloste floating g hospitals 1 and anc d dispensaries dispensa sit use ries he has been 0 n organized red t tt 0 look after the rubber workers in the th colombian jungles this Is in cooperation w with th the h institute or of f inter american affairs affair in washington which aich aids local autho authorities cities in the work of hygiene and sanitation the same procedure has been to followed owed in other countries last february an agreement it he be tween the ile united states and peru pr provided prided that south american republic w with th an n airway r ay for t transporting I 1 paig r rubber u abbe r from the forests to river and seaports by the end ad of 1944 it is expected tb that at hatti haiti will be producing 10 tons of natural rubber per annum w which aich will be marketed by SHADA cartano de ile de amm agricole Agn cole an organization fel in set up by the gov governments foments of the un united it ed sto states t es and haiti one hundred thousand acres have been sown with a rubber producing plant that gros gron a very rapidly thousands of haitians Hait ians h have ave proof that progress 7 has been made I 1 was a demonstrated cm 24 az erectly recently by tru reau dol washing t the h e bureau of standards in ton D C which produced a pair of rubber h heels 1 from t the th a latex of hevea trees growing in florida the experiment cos bosl the department of agriculture 17 years of research and ad thousands thousand ol of d dollars I 1 b but government ment chemists re P ported rth tg the he lush quality of th the e 1 latex to corn cm pared favorably with east indian test tube rub rubber b el in in this promising mong abst PI plantation ewt on pr are r I 1 growing r ing more than 2 hevea from haiti puerto rico mexico and the east indies it IE the only rubber project on planta alaria tion bout scale ever attempt attempted i ed outside cuts id the tropics some of the trees are 35 feet ft high an and d ten me inches h es in di ameter tree survia survives es florida clime for a tree whose natural habitat is in the re region gion of theder the equator 1 tr t the lb I 1 d tb h hevea devon a et endurance d are and ty to temperate chin climate ate has amazed scientists periodic measurement have shown that its early growth ha been as rapid in miami a as s in B halt and mexico its re resistance resistant sistan e e to cold weather has been incredible sur biving temperatures as low as as V degrees like many northern tree it has been found to shed its leave save in winter reducing frost danger and making 1 it particularly well suited tr tc florida cultivation the entire rubber reserve ha haa sprung from seeds many of which were sown nearly two decades ago after sprouting from seedbeds the young trees were transplanted wit deep depressions near the water to ta ble so th the 0 tap roots could find per in manent nurit moisture the creamy i it is workers tap the hevea rubber tree at the IT S agricultural esperi mental station at miami fla the U S has experimented with 2000 species pec and it satisfactory results have been obtained berni been engaged to attend the plants pianta tons originated ong mated in mad abcar and reached haiti in 1912 as a decorative plant since the then it h has s spread is without assistance over many parts of the island combat leal leaf blight dr E W brandes of the U S department of agriculture is enghu spastic etc about the progress made by rA the a amentas in combating rubber plant diseases T the he S south I 1 nth american leaf lead blight he s said old is being con by development of disease resist resistant sn t trees tree these hardy tre trees in win turn ers are being crossed by hand pollination with high yielding orion onen tal rubber trees tree further to improve yields victory over the leaf disease is a great forward step in the hemispheres ph eres rubber expansion program said aid dr brandes brande on one of the ford plantations in brazil a million trees fell victim to its ravages but it was abse observed arved that a few full leafy calop canopies cano pies a of healthy trees stood out sharply against a background of pest ridden neighbors this meant that t the h e blight carried from tree to tree by wind blown spores had not it infected them they were immune scientists then bud grafted the immune tops top to other trunks trunk and produced pr du ced a high virl ding disease rest resist a t an ant t plant plant the work of hs d developing e bining kining the resistant tort true tree by I 1 the system te of if cross s P pollination altrath in is 1 an 11 arduous duole to task k but it is in ultimately ibm tel t the he best so solution ution to the pro problem blem it is being done on in a large scale in er eril brazil il where 1 lies s the hemispheres hemisphere s greatest potential etem al supply of fl latex aiex meanwhile horticulturists at the fe federal d oral plant introduction garden miami min on fla PI P have ave been experimenting with h home I go grown rubb rubber r trees tree white a latex tapped recently was a wele belcome I 1 me sight to the botanists who he ad d cared for them so long Ep experts oits have found that trees g grown to from selected elected east indian seeds in a the florida garden has pro deuced a higher yield of latex in general than miscellaneous heves hevea from other tropical lands expert merits ments in hand pollination have bee been tried with marked success to deter mine me it its possibilities two methods of tapping have been tried the half spiral every other day and the full spiral every three or four days the half up spiral nal has proved most desirable enabling workers to recap over the old se scars re every seventh year A As in most am rubber trees a purer and slightly in creased flow of latex is found to ward the lower trunk technicians do d in the tapping here two grooves are cut ii ito into the tree with a regulation tapping tappin g knife an aa oblique cut to start th the e flow of la Is tex and a vertical cha channel el cut to guide it to the spout spon t w which ath le empties into to a glass receptacle Is e it held I 1 d to the tree by a wire holder j in n th the e we well 11 equipped liberal laboratory Y of the intend Intro introduce duc tion garden the chemist coagulates the latex with ascetic acid cid it is ula then r rolled bcd washed hed and dried and th the samples a cup e xe sent t to washington for study operation of the at station tion at miami has been generally 0 overshadowed ferhad wed by other steps taken t to relieve 1 ii e the rub her ber shortage of in th the e unit united ed states much publicity has been given to the effort to in bring ring the me guayule shrub into cultivation in the southwest A variety of chemical compositions composition have been plotted exploited for their rub bery characteristics and of if course t there ht r e is the h government a s vast syn i h c rubber 0 b eig pro program gram utilizing oil and gram grain |