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Show View of Londonderry, North Ireland. (Prepared by th. National Oeogr.phlo Society. Waihlugton, D. CI north coast, shared by IRELAND'S to the state of Ireland and by territory of the Irish Free State, Is a pic-turesque portion of the Emerald Isle. Parts of the region have been bones of contention between the two state, and the former Ulster counties of Monoghon, Donegal and Cavan have been added to the Free State. Ulster, In the northeastern corner of the Island, is In the odd position of being a part of Ireland which Is In large part not Irish. Three hundred years ago the British king, James 1. with the desire to Anglicize a part of Ireland, decided to "plant" a colony of English and Scotch. What Is known as the Ulster Plantation followed. The original plan of the king was to have English settlers dominant in Ulster; but he also permitted the Scotch to participate. English settlers were not easily Interested, however, while the Scotch flocked In, making the Plantation dominantly Scottish. By 10C0 the population of Ulster con-liste-of some 80,000 inhabitants of Scotch blood, 5,000 of English ances-try, and 40,000 Irish. Altogether prob-ably about 100,000 Scotsmen moved to Ulster. The English were soon merged with the Scotch but the Irish and Scotch strains remained almost entirely independent. Ulster differs economically from the rest of Ireland. Either the Scotch Im-migrants had a greater propensity toward Industry or their economic conditions were more favorable. At n.v rate Ulster has become the marked Industrial region of Ireland while the remainder of the country, save In the larger cities, has not followed this line of development. There Is a religious difference, too. between North and South Ireland. Ireland, Including Ulster, was Cath olic. The Scoteh Immigrants brought their Presbyterian religion with them and it became firmly rooted. The Eng-lish government favored the estab-lished Church of England and this Is also strong In Ulster. The Presbyter-Inn- s and the Episcopalians combine! today tip the scale In Ulster to the Bide of Protestantism. But the margin Is not great. The county Is a Innd of wild moun-tains and lakes, less than half of the surface being under cultivation. Its streams are noted for salmon and troul fishing. The const Is rocky and In-dented, bold headlands Jutting out In-to the sea. Though boasting nearly "00 miles of roast line there are no good harbors from Killyhegs In the south to Lough Swllly In the north. Rye, oats and potatoes are the chief crops of the valley farms. In Done-gal cottages are woven some of the homespun tweeds for which Ireland la famous. Attempts have been made In recent years to give Impetus to the fishing Industry along the coast Fishermen still use the ancient coracle or skin boat without keel or rudder. They are easily handled In fine weather but be-come extremely dangerous when surf pounds against the rocks. These prim-itive boats probably represent the next step In navigation nfter the raft and have not changed during many cen-turies of nse. Now fine seaworthy fishing craft are being Introduced- On the north shore of Donegal are several modern summer resorts with luxurious hotels frequented by Irish and English holiday makers because of the excellent golf and sea bathing to be had there. Two of the best known of these gathering places are Itosapenna and Portsalon. Further south Rundoran, with its scarred and weather-beate- cliffs, offers a splendid view of the sea. Here three galleons of the Spnnlsh Armada, staggering homeward from the famous defeat In the English channel, were washed ashore In a storm and completely wrecked. Only a few antique cannon and anchors were recovered. When Philip of Spain learned of the destruc-tion of his supposedly Invincible fleet he Is said to have philosophically re-marked that he had sent them against the English, not the elements. , Seat of the O'Donnells. Donegal town from the dawn of his-tory has been the seat of the O'Don-ne- li family. Their ruined ; castle, whose shell has been remarkably well preserved. Is still the most Interesting sight of the countryside. It remained In the hands ot the O'Donnells until the days of Charles I when their line ran out and the castle passed to Sir Basil Brooke, an English Catholic sup-porter of the king. Donegal town is now chiefly noted for the Irish tweeds and soft steamer rugs which it ex-ports. Along the Border. The present border between the Irish Free State and the State of Northern Ireland, created In 1920 and 1021, extends through a rather rough country. Dundnlk on the east coast. Is Just south of the line. Near this city is one of the passes through the hills used since earliest times in' Ire-land; and because of this situation Dundalk's neighborhood hns been the scene of numerous battles. Farther west the boundary touches the long deep valley In which lies Lough Erne the longest and the second largest lake In Ireland. The Islnnd's largest lake. Lough Neagh, lies In the heart of Ulster east of Belfast. Formerly Ulster consisted of the northern tier of counties from coast to coast. When the two states were formed, however, Donegal largest of the Ulster counties, occupy Ing the northwestern corner of Ireland, was attached to the Free State. The boundary of the State of Northern Ire land, therefore, does not nnw reach the Atlantic but turns at its southwestern corner a few miles short of the coast and rims northeastward between Don egal on the west and Fermnnneh, Ty rone and Londonderry on the east to Lough Foyle, an Inlet at the very fop of the Island. The State of Northern Ireland, therefore, occupies only a small segment In the northeastern cor ner of Ireland. Readjustment of the boundary as desired by the Free State would concentrate the northern divl sion still closer Into the northeast corner. :' ; ' Though small In territory the State of Northern Ireland has a conrentrat-- i ed population. Its area Is less than one-sixt- h that of Ireland but it con tains more than a quarter of the ls--I land's Inhabitants. Inhabitants of County Donegal are noted for their courtesy and quick In-telligence. Though the district Is poor, hospitality Is universal and beggars are rare. Country customs hark back to ancient times. It Is a common sight to see women riding pillion fnshlon on horseback, behind the men, and bare feet are not unusual. Though ly-ing In the fur northwest Donegal forms a part of the Free State, Its population being largely of Celtic or-igin. The United States has more than an academic Interest In all that affects Ireland. Two of the most Important streams of Immigration that have reached America came from the island : one the Scotch-Iris- from U-lster; the other, tfie Irish from south of the Ulster line. The Scotch-Iris- early felt the weight of repressive English lows both In the religious and eco-nomic fields. Tliey began emigrating to America In large numbers during the latter part of the Eighteenth cen tury and It Is estimated that they made up one-sixt- h of all the colonists by the time of the American Revolu-tion. They were prominent In that struggle and Inter became the fron tlersmen, playing an Important part In winning the Middle West and the West. " The main stream of Immigration from Southern Ireland took place In the ' Nineteenth century. The genius of the newcomers for politics hns made Itself felt tn local. State and na-tional governments. ; Donegal Warmed by Gulf Stream. Although In the same latitude ns northern Labrador, Donegal, the north west county of the Free State, enjoys the temperate climate of Virginia Tills freedom from severe cold Done gnl owes to one of the pleasant little pranks of the Gulf stream which washes Its rocky coast and " sends warm winds. '. i Although sllglitly smaller than Dela ware, Donegal was In ancient times the kingdom of the clan O'Donnell Scattered throughout the county are many Interesting ruined castles of trie days of the Irish kings and later stnig gles with the Danes and the Kngllsh Parts of the country were not subju gnted until the last years of Queen Elizabeth's reign. Thanksgiving Proclaimed hy the First President it It Um duty l ill Naltam' l koowlit U prwtd.nc. lmlfh, God, WHEREAS, H. 11 to b, r.Mul l Hit b.ftt.. m hu--bl hnph Hb w llo, wmI t.. S Wl-- fc both Hou. 4 Ce.ir. . k, Ihtlr Ki.t !. . S!S L.T- -. I. .cl,no.l.d,ln, --Uh ,r..,lul h..,. lb. M.f J"' AhnitMT God. mpUIIt by orf.rtaf th.ni w opportunity pwcMbly I. blUb '' nnnunMl lot Iboh mlrtf ppi" Now tbd I do rocommond wd Ul TbunnUy. lb. SSih day ol Nomb wit. ta b. d.ll by th. pmpI. ol ft... Sl.. to Ih. -r-vtc. X (hot rt wd llou. B.in, h. ,h. bomAcl .utho. o .11 th. food thot th.t u. th.t ,UI b. th.l .y th.. .11 unit. I. nd.ri( unt. HI,, ou. lnc.r. .nd bumbt. Ih.nk. lot HU W pratMtlo. M th. pnl. t thi. country prtou. t. th.i, omin, utki lo, th. ot H,. oroylOw. hi th. d .,) MB(.d W.OH ud th. lr.bU tafrporitto th. d.r ol tr.n,ulllly. -I- on. .nd Ptanty --Web mctutto. th. tat. rt to. .r--l h. .o,ll ta .ml r.tlun.1 monn.. to whfch . b. b. .bkd M t.bU.b m.lltutlon. tov.rnm.nt lot our t.ty J b.ppi.. d p1lcal.rly Ih. Mtloa , M lot.ly to.tln.twl. I th. cMI ud r.lllou. Ubwty with whlth .r. bl.Ml. .nd knowl.d,. .nd. to tor. lot .11 th. th. m.n. . bv. ot .equlrim .nd diffiinf lul tn.1 .nd owloiM tavor. whkb H. bu bom plcwd lo eoo( upoa u And .Ih th.t nwy th.. unit, to MM humbly o.rint out praym .nd .uppUctlon. t. th. tro.t Lord ud RuWi ol N.ttoM. nd Mmch Him t. onrdon our n.tlon.1 ud olh tr.nr.wion. to .nobl. m .11, wh.tb to public ot orl.t. .I.tlow. to norlon. ou, H. Wal ud nlotlv. dutkx properly ud punctu.lly to rnd ow N.tlon.l Govrmm.nl bbu-to- t Go.wnin.nl ot wIm. Ml .nd con.Htutlon.1 tow to .0 th. poopW hy eoo.t.ntly boins dtoerMtly nd LithluHy oocul.d .nd obtynll t. iwotett .nd uid. .11 .v.r.lfn. .nd notion to.pocl.lly .uch h.w thowo klndntu to "d to bin. tb.n. with food fov.rnro.nli L Mocordi lo sromot. th. Imowledf. nd proctic ol tni. r.ll,lo. .nd vlrlu.. ond 0 lncr..M Ktenc. ut them .nd u.. ud. f.r.lly. to trwt unto -- U -- kll ch dure, ol l.mpor.1 croaperity u Ho .Ion. know, to be host CM. ut mr h.nd. .. th. city - N.w V- -k. tb. Sd doy ol for Christmas Giftsl ' I Crochet crepe twist mules lew w j?" j (An Ideal Tuletlde gift for the girt who loves boudoir finery. dainty "mules" are crocheted 'j of crepe twist which looks like raf fia. It's really hard-twiste- d crepe pa-p-er and It comes In the loveliest col--I ore. Six skeins make one pair ot 1 mule tips. Mount them on satin pad- - ' ded soles. Sew on tufts of gay ostrich I flues as an extra beauty touch. DECORATIVE BUFFET ENSEMBLE v $ Women interested in sealing wax liowercraft will be fascinated with , this resplendent ensemble consisting 1 of candlesticks and centerpiece. It glorifies buffet or formal dinner table y with equal grace. They are teaching ! this fascinating art In fancywork de-- partments where materials for paper I flowers are sold. To tell In this brief space "how to make" would be too I V long a story. Suffice it to say that the t bases of candlesticks and the tree are formed of melted sealing wax piled in a mass and then left to harden. The flowers and lea res are ! cot from crepe paper, wired and lac-quered paint with transparent sealing wa GIFT OF DISTINCTION ' This aquarium Is suggestive of a geographical globe, showing the ter restrial meridian and vertical plane J of the earth's axis. Not only does this unique article qualify as a Yuletlda gift of distinction which will grace any environment of culture and refine ment, but then there's the goldfish-th- ink what a "Merry Christmas" they are sure to have In this home of World-wid- e dimensions. HASSOCK OP ENAMEL CLOTH I Here's a Christmas present which I either Mister or Mistress will wel- - 1 come. It is of enamel cloth, distinct- - I ly modernistic In its hectic colorings 1 and striking design. Brings a wanted I dash of color into any room. Quite 1 one of the most popular types shown f this season. I CREPE PAPER CUSHION f , V. (f f. i Once you make one of these cusb-- ' Ions you will want to repeat ' Cut two - (squares or circles if you prefer a round cushion out of flowered crepe paper-y-es, paper I Eeally very dura- - ble because before seaming up it is ""S covered with a layer of transparent , georgette. The effect is that of ex--i quislte handpalntlng. Some women I are quilling these, placing a layer of 1 cotton underneath before stitching. A 1 Christmas gift which will be admired 1 and appreciated I Vl 1- - Girl Fights Big Handicap XVJL m despair when Bhe to yourselr m room-mat-e. ' found herself Bnubbed In you Br9 different girL, The day school and unpopular in Col- - and years that Mowed were filled , activity and not long ago lege, butnotsoMrorma pJdof honorary wed- -. ( Kussel Jones of 1567 Cramer That's whatNujol did for mel" Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Such a simple way to health and , "When I was seventeen I went happiness! Your doctor will tell you . away to collcse," says Mrs. Jones, that Nujol contains no medicines or " "Freda, my room-mat- e, was a vory drugs it fa simply bodily lubrica- - , popular girl. Soon she asked to have tion harmless, normal, and it works ' I will be regular as clock- - 1 - her room changed. It seems kept easily so you her awake at " i work.You can get night, I slept so I ' abottleinaseakd. restlessly. No I package at any one knows how I W drug store for t. suffered. S what you would "One day one J V pay for twa cf my teachers ,!f V"' theodf-u- . ,r i ' '. foundmesobbing. .) C . J" ' sleep. Why don't ' ' :; : -- v '1 ?ott b'lht" . clearing out the i ZlfZ eii this poisons in my I Brave American Girls like gyVay, thla WFFLGOOD?. 3 f Hoot .llm.nt. (tort fram poordlm- - I 3f In.tlon (constipation or ' IIf potion). Intoittnal potoonn up vital k Ity. ndormlnyonehoalUl and make f III. nlaarabl.. Tonight try Hf a Jf HATUBl'S tb!. f f eonwtiTo not on ordlnnry lnitl f t ' I See bow N will aid ut re.torin yoor f f appetlu.nd rid yas of that heavy, J. loiwy. paploa. tiin. . IIUipfll-.mtk.ly- a Health Giving "fT HMI&ImH: All Winter long Marvelow. Climate Good tlntolo TonrtoS r.amp Splendid Row!. tiontoouo Mowntoba ' Vlew..rhv)nullea-trooro.the!- - na-j- a. WHtm Orm A CUttfr fT M... CAI.1POBMIA ; ' : I Wwn iHtiS fioma'nl II.' 1?or any Wk ' BABY pi ' SiS '' We can never be sure jusf wha! , jjfggSa ? makes an infant restless, but the --,v , ' remedy can always be the same. f0mmgSi Vr'1' ; Good old Castoria! There's com-- VWZT 4 fort in every drop of this pure vegetable preparation, and not the very promptly; if it doesnt, you slightest harm in its frequent use. should call a physician, v !As often as Baby has a fretful All through babyhood, Castoria spell, is feverish, or cries and can't should be a mother's standby; and sleep, let Castoria soothe and quiet a wise mother does not change to him. Sometimes it's a, touch of stronger medicines as the chi d , colic. Sometimes constipation. Or grows older. Castoria is eadily diarrhea a condition that should obtained at any drugstore, and the always be checked without delay, genuine easily identified by the Just keep Castoria handy, and give Chas. H. Fletcher signatnre that it promptly. Relief will follow appears on every wrapper. From a Polo PUyer Snn.hino Mnda for Mines "What Is your book about?" Workers In a large western mine, "Marco Polo." deprived- - of sunlight because they 'And how does that differ from the labor far below the ground, are game7" vlded with artificial sunshine. Popu . lar Mechanics Magazine. Cottly Letter ... :. "I hear she was married to a man Why Leave Home? of letters." NIpp "Does your wife go to th "Yes, and now he's paying alimony talkies much?" Tuck "Ob, no; ah. because of them." . stays home and hasem." m. The Mark of. Genuine W Aspirin.. ASPIEIN is like an old friead, tried ani BAYEB- There can never be a satisfactory sub-- . . stitute for either one. Bayer Aspirin is genuine. It is the accepted antidote for pain. Its relief may alwayB be relied on, whether used for the occa-sion- al headache, to head-of- t a cold, or for the mora serious aches and pains from neuralgia, neuriti1, ' rheumatism or other ailments. It's easy to identify Bayer Aspirin by the Bayer Cross on every tablet, by the name Bayer on the box and the word "genuine" always printed in red. Aplrln fa the tradk) ranrti f ZA 1 ' Bare MHiulaorore ot Mono-- Of Sallcvllcacia f.niWIr Ambiguous "This fellow says be never knew what happiness meant until be mar-ried."" '"ri "What does that mennr ; 1 Wounded Indian Brave Made Quick Recovery The neighborhood was resounding with blood-curdlin- g yells as the yoang braves of the warpath engaged In a heavy Indian battle. When one ot the young warriors was officially shot by the other side he must "play dead" and cease his hostilities until one or the other side had vanquished their enemy. "Boom, boom, you're dead," one youngster shouted to a brave on the other side. The victim censed his activities, but It was too much to sit on the side lines and watch the others. "Hy, you're dead ; I shot you a min-ute ago." "Yes. 1 know, but I've been to the hospital since then," he shouted, as be plunged Into the Imaginary smoke and beat of battle again. v Fin. Art. Encouraged ' The School of Fine Arts In Paris was founded as a government school during the reign of Louis XIV and through a series of competitive ex-aminations, picks one man each year from each of the four arts, architec-ture, painting, sculpture and engrav-ing, to go to Rome to study for four years at the expense of the French government. Iq ISa'l, called on' the nation to bow before God In humbleness and prayer. The Civil war then was at Its height. Every President since Lincoln has continued to proclaim the Inst Thurs-day In November as Thanksgiving day. and the occasion Is observed In me-tropolis and countryside alike, al-though the manner of observance may be vastly different In the rural districts, particularly, In the West. Middle West and South, many of the customs of the forefa-thers still prevail, although the ad vent of the automobile has brought great changes. Unchanging Spirit of Thanksgiving Centuries have wrought changes In the customs of Thanksgiving day In America, but the spirit of the occa-sion remains the same, William Uerschell comments. In the Indianap-olis News. We may not go over the woods to grandmother's house in a one-hors- e open sleigh, owing to the fact that the venerable gentleman and grandmother have announced their In-tention of motoring to the city for Thanksgiving dinner In a hotel. There Is not room for feasting In a two-roo-apartment with kitchenette, such as their children occupy in the city; therefore the hotel becomes the center of a family reunion. Dinner over, the ensemble hies away to a movie or to a football game. All this In brood contrast with the situation when Governor Bradford of Massachusetts proclaimed a dnjr of thanksgiving and prayer In 1021, the purpose being to thank Providence for a harvest that had been saved from marauding Indians only through eternal vigilance and trusty rllles. George Washington Is credited with being the first President to proclaim a day of thanksgiving. The congress, In 1784. recommended that a day be set apart for prayerful expression of gratitude because of the return of peace. Washington again appointed such a day In 1780. after the Consti-tution had been adopted. Still anothei period of rejoicing and prayer was ob served In 1705, based on the many benellts derived from a good harvest and growing prosperity The last Thursday In November was the gen erally accepted day for ibis expres-sion of gratitude, and President Mud Ison followed Washington's example !n proclaiming a day of thanksgiving. Then the custom illed out. and was not renewed until President Lincoln. Endurance Rua Landlady And what's wrong nowt youthful Lodger I Just wanted to say that I think you get too much mileage out of this roller towel . Loughborough Herald. Facts must be feminine at least they are stubborn things. Acknowledge Cause for Gratitude to Creator In setting aside a day for natlonnl thanksgiving we serve notice to all and sundry that this nation rejects the Idea of a purely mechanistic universe, that It formally recognizes an object of gratitude ,and abundant reasons for a sense of gratitude toward that ob-ject. It announces the conviction that It owes Its blessings to a Supreme Being, a spirit that Is the creator of mutter and the director of all Its pro-cesses. There Is some merit in that, even If it Is .only a superficial dec. laratlon, for it places the nation defi-nitely on the side of the spiritual forces that have been from the begin-ning of time the Impelling Influence In man's progress. To take the oppo-site position would he to nullify the stile Incentive to progress, to deprive virtue of ail value, to make life an ex-istence without purpose and without hope. But In so far as It feels what It declares, It has In some small de-gree made Itself worthy of the benefits It has received, and has manifested the measure of Its goodness. St Louis t. As the Shadows Lengthen P , - fv v; i . ' J is "' -- , ' , vC , i j For all the paat I thank Thee, Godl And, t the future, trust in Then, I Whatc'er el trial and bleeiaif yet, Asked a? unaeked. Thou hast for ma. Yet oal thle one boon I crave- -. .Alter Hfe'e brtl .nd fleetint hour, Make my beloved The beloved. And beep ua In The da or power. Marks on Ale Barrel In the prints depleting the old tav-ern scenes the barrels of ale and like beverages are to be sten marked with the XX and XXX, and these marking were In use up to the lime of the pro hibltion enattment, but their meanln? Is. and has been, a mystery to n great many persons. In the very remote times ninny of the dispensaries handled the brewing ' made tinder the super-vision of monks. The bull often an--j eitrlna on old Inn slitoR Indicates that the tavern whs licensed under seal .if the loenl abhe to sell only b:er of mo-nastic brewing. XX XXX murks on the barrels of al" represent the monks' seals, pnnranfeeing the quality of the contents. j Nation's Great Wealth Used to Good Purpose Ours Is the most philanthropic na-tlo- n on earth. Our great wealth Is used for the uplift and the welfare of j mankind more than In any other na-- , tion on earth. We care for tbe poor. we build hospitals, we practice re-- ! liglous liberty In our worship, we "ren-- j der unto Caesur the things that are Caesar's. There Is In this notion a deeper nit ration of material things, and of o'll and body, to mankind, at bom ., It and abroad, than In any other nation. We send millions Into the Far East, We lend great fortunes to help re-habilitate the economics of other na-tions and peoples. We feel the bonds of universal brotherhood. This has been a year of peculiar blessings,- - In most sections of the country the barns are full, our smoke-houses are full, and on the whole our people are prosperoua and content-Atl- anta Constitution. I the river. Stiilactltes hung In profu-- Cave Lake Bottomless? sion from the solid limestone roof. Another attempt has been made to find the depth of the subterranean lake In the heart of Inglehnroiigh mountain, one of the highest peaks of the Pennine, In England, but again failure was the result. The body of wa-ter. 20 feet wide and I0 feet long, lies 000 feet below the summit of the moun-tain and a mile from the entrance to the cave. Approach to It Is through a canyon. In the bottom which runs Thought. Iravela riioumn t" init iioiiiIh by ave OHH which left llpflt. ft II ( I tllMIIL'Ilt . Hit mil 'I nut nii'iitx tlimuuh avfliuca which we vol unt ii r) I j opened -- 11. W K.mt-rso- 4. Deil Thought What do a-- II vf for If It Is not to tuiike life s difllctill for S't-- trlhert (Jeorge KIM . |