Show I 1 I 1 I 1 41 4 1 of i I 1 VA M nu 9 fa JJ n g egg N 1 7 7 cultivation OF onion onions market may he be started in with alth profit at the ohio experiment station it has wa ia demonstrated that onion seed may hesoun be in tho the greenhouse or hotbed I 1 february or march and arid successfully 1 in I 1 transplant to the open V ground in april J or compared kompare om Pare onions grown bytho by the ordinary method the transplanted 1 ats ts were froin from 50 to per cent ahead hi in size and total marketable product A marked difference has been observed in I 1 varieties however as to their adaptability to this method of treatment I 1 it is reported that the early varieties appear to bo be tho the class of onions best 1 adapted to this method nearly all are 4 hite and much flattened some attain 0 fl 0 i fire five inches in diameter and less than 6 tro inches in thickness if sown in february and transplanted into the open I 1 ground us early as it can be worked in fit the spring the young onions may bo be pulled for bundling h in may and juno 0 or nearly as early as those grown from 0 V gets sets by july 1 they are enough to 6 be pulled and sold in tho the dry state both in the green and dry state they are much superior to onions grown from sets and j sell for a higher price pride also not only do they bring a fancy price but the ground is cleared in time for celery ccle tor other fall I 1 crops early varieties that gave tho the most satisfactory A is results at the station were tho the barletta Marz ajola pearl and bermuda the first named Is the earliest while the tile Marz ajola jola is two weeks later but much larger the barletta is eold sold under many names imes such as extra early barletta adriatic barletta new early adriatic bloomsdale Bloom sdale pearl new now queen early k e radish wish etc some of the second earl early y 0 gorts sorts such as danvers wethersfield field michigan and white globo globe do not respond so readily to this method of treatment as the extreme early and late sorts they have in every instance given give 11 in increased i yields by transplanting however but the gain is less than with some of the early and late sorts of tho the second early and late varieties the white victoria and prize taker are the best thus far tested both grow to a large size frequently weighing moro than a pound each and have at tho the station yielded at tho the rate of 1500 bushels per aero acre in several cases point points in potato planting lne at one of the minnesota farmers institutes a practical farmer present expressed himself as follows on tho the subject of planting potatoes plant during tho the very last days lays of may or the first days of june for the following reasons 1 tho the weeds aro given ample timo time to r prout and grow upon the last falls shallow plowing so that the springs deep plowing done just before planting destroys them most effectively 2 1 can cultivate later in the tile season n in in july and in that way destroy the best crop of that seasons weeds this thi s late cultivation is very important in securing clean lands with any hoed crops 8 while tho the potatoes have ample time to mature before injurious frosts and leave abundant time for the harvesting of the crop still the mature potatoes do not lay in the ground so long before digging this quick digging aft after er maturity is dosi desirable si particularly in wet seasons as we avoid the tendency to rotting and potatoes are less liable to become scabby I 1 have experimented with seed to some extent and lay but little stress upon the matter of size so plant one or two small potatoes or put two pieces each with two eyes in each hill I 1 dont regard a potato planter with favor as it plants with rows running but one way and so prevents that opportunity for clean cultivation ti which is needed in weedy lands as frequently found under ordinary farm conditions licit best all purpose broad frame at a meeting of michigan beekeepers bee keepers mr lir larrabee Larra bce read a paper in which ho ile considered the best all purpose brood frame it was not difficult for each one he said to decide upon one for himself but no convention of beekeepers bee keepers could agree the essential feature of an all purpose brood frame was that it should have a top bar thick enough so as not to sa tag and from I 1 1110 11 1 10 16 to avs 1 cinches finches inches in width he ile liked the narrow bottom bar recently introduced for tho the reason that been beed build combs down to it better and with each a frame when withdrawn from the hive there was less danger of rolling over or killing bees tho the queen also was less likely to find a hiding place be tween tho the bottom edge of the comb and the bottom bar frame ends should d be at least three eighths of an inch thick As to whether they as a whole should be of the fixed or self spacing style waa was a point upon which be he had not yet decided he ile urged that all beekeepers bee keepers as goo soon n aa as practicable adopt a standard eize size and that standard size in tho the united states at least was tho the langstroth mr lar babeo then read replies from a number ot of prominent supply dealers all of which aich with one exception indicated that thick top bara bars are about to dis displace all U frames with the tile narrow and thin top bar gape gapes in chickens if there is a person who still doubted the existence of the gape worm let him tabe take a young chicken the younger the better that has the gapes hold the throat toward the rays of the sun open the mouth and look down into the wind pipe lie he will see the red worms plain as the day the feather treat lent says tho the editor of the fanciers journal is simple and effective if it carefully used we usually strip a il primary mary leather feather of the web excepting a email small tuft on the end A few of the feather suffices to dislodge the worms and bring them to the eur sur face A microscope N will vill convince tho the most ost skeptical that these red chords aich one authority pronounced them to be are living organisms COST OP OF GROWING WHEAT the rh A In erlean at miller iller say says that no so fixed filed sum can lie ie named und tell tells why ceilie of our agricultural contempo bontempo bics are still at it discussing discus bing tho the illus illusive ivo ilem ell of the cost t of growing a bushel af w wheat that the discussion ia is unprofitable is instanced by the figures given by various wheat rat ral valsera sers sera and the items of cost enumerated how that no fixed 1 amount lanou u t can be named as the cost of raising i a it bashel of wheat even in the re stricter strict ed bound of one state one farmer in centon county ind gives seventy fwu awo cent 4 ner bashel us as the cost Z flom hs account amona book wi with ill every celar itemized another farmer gives his experience peri ence showing that 60 cents ia is a fair cost price of producing a bushel of wheat a and nd getting it to the station another farmer in the same state puts the tile cost at forty cents and he figures figure five dollars per acre rent as part of the ex pense while tile man who itemized the cost at seventy two cents included only three dollars per acre as rent still another indiana fanner gives the result on three fields of five fourteen and twenty acres as costing respectively twenty c eight forty nine and fifty four cents still another give gives 81 Y cents as a fair cost of raising ing wheat in his part of tha state the point that strikes a reader of tha the various estimates which are given by the practical men as to the cost of fa farming ruling operations is their wide diversity if one man can raise wheat for cents per bushel the farmer who spends seventy two cents is woefully extravagant or extravagantly trava gantly wrong dut but another thing to be noted is that some figure on a basis that would surprise most business men they include the rent of the land which they own pay pity themselves wages for their r work an and d include this as part of the cost five dollars rent on ground worth say fifty dollars per acre islo is 10 per cent this is is not depreciation as might bo be argued in case of a factory or mill but rent the whole question simmered down seems to be whether a man can rent land at 10 per cent hire all the work done lone raise wheat and make money probably not at least in states where land is valuable but it in makes ak a difference what the yield is made by good farin fanning lug or chances to be by the happening if of a good year certain it it is that no man can name a at cost at which his neighbor can produce wheat the figures already given show that one man figures out a comfortable profit where another scores a loss to the producer gypsum a an a fertilizer gypsum is not a fertilizer in the ordinary sense of the word but it does perform a valuable service by freeing by chemical action the potash salts of the soil hence it has long iong been esteemed as a valuable application to clover which requires a large amount of potash since the introduction and general use of acid phosphate however er gypsum has declined in public esti estimation r na this is solely because acid phosphate as prepared by dissolving charleston rock or raw bone contains one half its weight in gypsum gypsum is sown over the young clover in spring as soon aa as the first leaves are well grown three or four bushels per acre is the amount usually applied to clover some farmers have found it profitable to apply gypsum to young corn when the plants are a few inches high dropping a teaspoonful directly on each plant probably before the dew is off southern cultivator truck farming the importance of truck farming in the united states is made manifest by the statistics furnished in a bulletin issued by the census office from this we learn that there are upward of invested in this growing industry and that the annual product reaches a value of over truck farming according to the authority quoted occupies acres of land and employs i men women and 1474 children aided by horses and mules and worth of implements clements ts cabbage which covers the largest acreage of truck occupies acres celery is named as the tile most expensive kind of truck for the farmer and at the same sauie time the moet most profitable the most important locality for truck farming includes the states of pennsylvania new jersey and new york how t to 11 handle beeb with smoke after twenty years experience in handling bees let me say to the beginner not to attempt it without a smoker in good trim go in front of the hive and blow in the entrance three or four strong puffs of smoke then rap with the knuckles or a small stick half a dozen times then two or three more puffs of smoke in the entrance after which remove the cover of the super or hive and raise the corner comer of the quilt and puff smoke in from the top gradually drawing back the quilt or cloth and cover the sections or frames with smoke remember that the reason some of the bees are cross and will sting is that they have had no smoke be sure that every bee in the hive has been smoked and you can handle them as you please writes a it pennsylvania correspondent ent in the american bee journal I 1 here and there statistic show that there is an in crease of sheep in all the northern states the average production of wheat for 1811 1891 as reported to the department at washington was 15 13 1 3 bushels per acre these statistics are furnished by the agricultural department at washington as representing the aggregate production of cereals for 1801 corn bushels value tW wheat bushels value oata oats UW bushela bushels value 1267 at the late annual meeting of the american forestry association these officers were elected president william willia M alvord san francisco treasurer henry M fisher philadelphia recording secretary dr eggleston washington corresponding secretary edward bowers washington vice presidents from tho several states opre elected reelected re with few changes |